Loculated Fluid Visualized in Hepatorenal Space with Point-of-care Ultrasound in Patient with Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Caused by Group A Streptococcus: Case Report.

Introduction: Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is a screening and diagnostic modality frequently used in the emergency department to assess patients with abdominal pain.

Case Report: We present a case describing the unusual finding of intraperitoneal fluid with loculations visualized in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen in a patient ultimately diagnosed with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) with ruptured tubo-ovarian abscess caused by group A streptococcus (GAS), a pathogen rarely implicated in the disease.

Conclusion: Uncommon findings on abdominal POCUS should trigger further investigation.

Extinguishing the flames of inflammation: retardant effect of chlorquinaldol on NLRP3-driven diseases.

Background: NLRP3 inflammasome immoderate activation results in the occurrence of various inflammatory diseases, but the clinic medications targeting NLRP3 inflammasome are still not available currently. The strategy of drug repurposing can reorient the direction of therapy, which is an indispensable method of drug research. In this study, an antimicrobial agent chlorquinaldol (CQ) was conducted to assess the effect on NLRP3 inflammasome and novel clinical value on NLRP3-driven diseases.

A Case Series and Brief Review of Literature on Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis: Unveiling the Cocoon.

This case series explores four distinct instances of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS), a rare but serious condition characterized by the encapsulation of abdominal viscera, commonly referred to as abdominal cocoon. EPS is associated with severe complications, including bowel obstruction and sepsis, which can significantly impact patient outcomes. The first case involves a 41-year-old male patient who had undergone a liver transplant and ultimately succumbed to extensively drug-resistant (XDR) sepsis.

Short and long-term mortality of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotic patients.

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) remains a significant concern for patients with cirrhosis. This study aims to reevaluate the trends in both short-term and long-term mortality rates associated with SBP. A retrospective cohort study was conducted using population data obtained from Taiwan's Health and Welfare Data Science Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare.

A Case Report of Drug-Induced Acute Gastric Necrosis.

The stomach has a rich blood supply; for this reason, acute gastric necrosis is a rare clinical condition and needs a high index of suspicion, especially in those patients having no history of an eating disorder and no signs of gastric distension on radiological investigations. We report on a 23-year-old male patient who presented to the emergency department with a one-day history of severe abdominal pain and multiple episodes of vomiting. On examination, his heart rate was 110 beats per minute.

Rosthornin B alleviates inflammatory diseases via directly targeting NLRP3.

Aberrant activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome contributes to the evolution of diverse inflammatory diseases. Inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome has been proven to be an effective treatment strategy for NLRP3-driven diseases. This study revealed that multiple natural diterpenes from Isodon plants can inhibit the NLRP3 inflammasome, among which Rosthornin B (Ros B) exhibited the best inhibitory effect, with an IC of 0.

The effect of intraperitoneal LR-PRP on bacterial translocation in an experimental model of peritonitis in rats.

Background: This study aims to examine the effect of Leukocyte-Rich Platelet-Rich Plasma (LR-PRP) on bacterial translocation in an experimental peritonitis model in rats. Secondary peritonitis occurs due to the loss of integrity in the mucosal barrier of the gastrointestinal system, resulting from contamination of the peritoneal cavity by microorganisms. LR-PRP has been shown to have positive anti-infectious, immunomodulatory, and angiogenetic effects.

The "Silent" Threat: Group G Streptococcus Peritonitis in Peritoneal Dialysis.

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a therapy for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). PD carries an increased risk of peritonitis, often secondary to poor technique. A small subset of patients may present with "silent" peritonitis, or peritonitis in the absence of fever and abdominal pain, making diagnosis and treatment challenging.

[Atypical spontaneous bacterial peritonitis linked to streptococcal toxic shock syndrome].

Anamnesis And Clinical Examination: A 59-year-old female patient with an unremarkable medical history presented with watery diarrhea, severe lower abdominal pain, and fever for approximately 7 days. Physical examination revealed a distended abdomen, bowel sounds were absent, and there was an acute abdomen with generalized guarding and significantly elevated inflammatory markers.

Diagnosis: Abdominal computed tomography showed significant ascites and signs of peritonitis.

A Rare Case of Intraperitoneal Infection by Kodamaea ohmeri.

Background: In April 2024, our hospital confirmed a rare case of intra-abdominal infection by Kodamaea ohmeri. The patient sought medical attention at our hospital after taking painkillers orally for one month, experiencing recurrent abdominal pain for 17 days and worsening for 7 days. In March 2024, the patient received symptomatic treatment with oral analgesics (diclofenac sodium) for arthritis.

A Case of Amyand's Hernia.

Inguinal hernias are the most prevalent type of abdominal wall hernia. While many cases are uncomplicated, some variant forms can pose a heightened risk of severe complications. We report the case of a 46-year-old male who arrived at the emergency department with a two-day history of diffuse abdominal pain, with an otherwise negative review of systems, an unremarkable medical and surgical history, and normal laboratory results.

Preventive effect of probiotics on infections following colorectal cancer surgery: An umbrella meta-analysis.

Background: Postoperative infections remain a significant source of morbidity among patients undergoing colorectal cancer (CRC) surgery. While probiotics have been proposed as a potential strategy to mitigate the risk of these infections, contemporary meta-analyses have produced conflicting findings.

Aim: To synthesize the available evidence regarding the prophylactic efficacy of probiotics in preventing infections following CRC surgery.

Antibacterial and antifungal drug concentrations in intra-abdominal abscesses: a prospective clinical study.

Secondary peritonitis with intra-abdominal abscesses (IAA) is difficult to treat because of the supposed low rate of penetration of antimicrobial drugs at the site of infection. However, clinical data about the actual bioavailability of antimicrobial drugs in IAA are scarce. This prospective observational study aimed at assessing the drug penetration in IAA of the antibiotics (piperacillin-tazobactam, carbapenems) and antifungals (fluconazole, echinocandins) that are usually recommended for the treatment of intra-abdominal infections.

Effects of initial peritoneal dialysis prescription on clinical outcomes in Japanese peritoneal dialysis patients: a cohort study.

Effects of the initial peritoneal dialysis (PD) prescription on clinical outcomes are unknown in Japan. We conducted a cohort study using data from Peritoneal Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study. The patients were divided into two groups by the volume of the initial PD prescription (≤ 4 L/day or > 4 L/day).

Evaluation of LPRDA Pentapeptide for the Prevention and Treatment of Peritoneal Infection.

Targeting virulence determinants is a promising approach to controlling infections in the face of the global spread of antibiotic resistance. -induced peritonitis often occurs in dialysis, implant and trauma patients. To develop novel prevention and treatment options for peritoneal infection, we investigated the oligopeptide sortase A inhibitor LPRDA as a non-conventional antibacterial that does not affect staphylococcal survival.

In Vivo Activity Profiling of Biosynthetic Darobactin D22 against Critical Gram-Negative Pathogens.

In recent years, naturally occurring darobactins have emerged as a promising compound class to combat infections caused by critical Gram-negative pathogens. In this study, we describe the in vivo evaluation of derivative D22, a non-natural biosynthetic darobactin analogue with significantly improved antibacterial activity. We found D22 to be active in vivo against key critical Gram-negative human pathogens, as demonstrated in murine models of thigh infection, peritonitis/sepsis, and urinary tract infection (UTI).

Structural characterization of a sulfated polysaccharide from Gracilariadomingensis and potential anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects.

Seaweeds are natural sources of sulfated polysaccharides (SPs), biopolymers with remarkable pharmacological properties, including biological actions capable of attenuating components of the inflammatory process such as edema, cytokines, cell migration and pain. Our results confirm that SPs obtained from Gracilaria domingensis (SP-GD) are agarans, primarily composed of residues of β-d-galactopyranose 6-sulfate and 3,6-anhydro-α-l-galactopyranose. Specifically, SP-GD at a dose of 10 mg/kg was effective in significantly reducing paw edema induced by carrageenan or histamine, serotonin, bradykinin, 48/80 and prostaglandin E2.

Advantages comparison of peritoneal drainage versus no drainage after laparoscopic appendectomy for complicated appendicitis: a meta-analysis.

Background: Peritoneal drainage (PD) following laparoscopic appendectomy(LA) has long been considered beneficial for appendicitis patients, especially those with complicated appendicitis. However, recent research has raised doubts about the advantages of PD, as it not only fails to reduce postoperative complications but also prolongs the operative duration and hospital stay and incurs higher medical expenses. Given this controversy, we conducted a meta-analysis to determine whether drainage is necessary after LA for complicated appendicitis.

Gastrointestinal calciphylaxis: a rare and devastating complication in end-stage kidney disease.

Calciphylaxis, also known as calcific uremic arteriolopathy, is a rare and severe condition that predominantly affects individuals with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). It manifests through vascular calcifications that precipitate tissue necrosis, with cutaneous manifestations being common. However, gastrointestinal involvement is an infrequent but gravely serious occurrence.