Exosomal ANXA2 facilitates ovarian cancer peritoneal metastasis by activating peritoneal mesothelial cells through binding with TLR2.

Background: Peritoneal dissemination of ovarian cancer (OvCa) can be largely attributed to the formation of a metastatic microenvironment driven by tumoral exosomes. Here, we aimed to elucidate the mechanisms through which exosomal annexin A2 (ANXA2) derived from OvCa cells induces an HPMC phenotypic shift in favour of peritoneal metastasis.

Methods: Immunohistochemistry and orthotopic and intraperitoneal OvCa xenograft mouse models were used to clarify the relationship between tumour ANXA2 expression and peritoneal metastasis.

MAPK14/p38α shapes the molecular landscape of endometrial cancer and promotes tumorigenic characteristics.

The molecular underpinnings of high-grade endometrial carcinoma (HGEC) metastatic growth and survival are poorly understood. Here, we show that ascites-derived and primary tumor HGEC cell lines in 3D spheroid culture faithfully recapitulate key features of malignant peritoneal effusion and exhibit fundamentally distinct transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic landscapes compared with conventional 2D monolayers. Using a genetic screening platform, we identify MAPK14 (which encodes the protein kinase p38α) as a specific requirement for HGEC in spheroid culture.

Surgery for patients with endometrioid-type endometrial cancer: is lymphadenectomy above the inferior mesenteric artery necessary?

Objective: The primary objective of this study was to identify the risk of metastasis to lymph nodes above the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) in endometrioid-type endometrial cancer (EC) and the factors that influence metastasis.

Methods: The study included patients who had been operated on for endometrioid-type EC in three gynecological oncology centers between 2007 and 2023. The supramesenteric lymph node (SM-LN) is the region between the left renal vein and the IMA, whereas the inframesenteric lymph node (IM-LN) is the region between the IMA and the aortic bifurcation, as determined by the level of the IMA.

Metastatic SMARCA4-deficient undifferentiated tumor in the small mesentery: case report.

Background: SMARCA4-deficient undifferentiated tumor (SMARCA4-UT) is a rare and highly malignant primary tumor characterized by the loss of SMARCA4 expression. Despite advancements in oncology, diagnosing and treating SMARCA4-UT remain significant clinical challenges.

Case Demonstration: A 67-year-old male with a history of smoking presented to the hospital with complaints of abdominal distention and pain lasting for more than four days.

Preoperative management of patients with oesophageal cancer: expert recommendations.

The aim of this work is to establish recommendations for the preoperative evaluation and selection of patients with malignant oesophageal neoplasms, who are candidates for surgical resection with curative intent, based on the consensus established by a group of experts. Using the Delphi methodolgy and after 2 rounds of evaluation, responses were obtained from 37 experts to 47 questions about the preoperative management of oesophageal cancer, considering consensus if there was a mean score greater than 8 (range between 0 to 10). Of the respondents, 54% were women, with a mean age of 50.

Pelvic inlet closure with bladder peritoneal flap reduces postoperative ileus after abdominoperineal resection.

Background: Abdominoperineal resection (APR) is the standard treatment for locally advanced distal rectal cancer (LADRC) following neoadjuvant treatment when sphincter-preserving procedures are inapplicable. However, complications such as perineal site infection, perineal hernia and postoperative ileus remain ongoing challenges. We aimed to compare the rate of postoperative ileus due to pelvic incarceration in APR patients with/without pelvic inlet closure.

Is cloudy peritoneal dialysate associated with adverse drug reactions to benidipine?

Cloudiness in peritoneal dialysate is a key clinical indicator of peritonitis. However, distinguishing between turbidity caused by peritonitis and that induced by drug administration can be challenging. To better understand this phenomenon, data were collected between April 2020 and March 2023 from 287 peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients undergoing benidipine-controlled blood pressure management in our PD center.

Somatic PTEN and ARID1A loss and endometriosis disease burden: a longitudinal study.

Study Question: Is there an association between the somatic loss of PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog) and ARID1A (AT-rich interaction domain 1A) and endometriosis disease severity and worse clinical outcomes?

Summary Answer: Somatic PTEN loss in endometriosis epithelium was associated with greater disease burden and subsequent surgical complexity.

What Is Known Already: Somatic cancer-driver mutations including those involving the PTEN and ARID1A genes exist in endometriosis without cancer; however, their clinical impact remains unclear.

Study Design, Size, Duration: This prospective longitudinal study involved endometriosis tissue and clinical data from 126 participants who underwent surgery at a tertiary center for endometriosis (2013-2017), with a follow-up period of 5-9 years.

A giant ovarian atypical proliferative mucinous tumor in a young adult: A rare case report and review of the literature.

Introduction And Importance: Ovarian atypical proliferative mucinous tumor (APMT) is a low-malignant or borderline tumor that originates from the ovary's surface epithelium. This tumor can grow to a massive size, causing abdominal distention, which can result in a variety of compression symptoms if it is not discovered early.

Case Presentation: A 23-year-old female presented with a chronic, gradually developing abdominal distention that had been persistent for a year.

P-cadherin mechanoactivates tumor-mesothelium metabolic coupling to promote ovarian cancer metastasis.

Cancer adhesion to the mesothelium is critical for peritoneal metastasis, but how metastatic cells adapt to the biomechanical microenvironment remains unclear. Our study demonstrates that highly metastatic (HM), but not non-metastatic, ovarian cancer cells selectively activate the peritoneal mesothelium. HM cells exert a stronger adhesive force on mesothelial cells via P-cadherin, an adhesion molecule abundant in late-stage tumors.

Phase I study of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy with S-1 for clinically resectable type 4 or large type 3 gastric cancer in elderly patients aged 75 years and older (OGSG1303).

Purpose The prognosis for type 4 and large type 3 gastric cancer (GC) is extremely poor, especially in elderly patients (≥ 75 years). To improve the prognosis of these types of GC, we performed a phase I study to determine the recommended dose (RD) of S-1 combined with neoadjuvant radiotherapy. Methods Patients with clinically resectable type 4 and large type 3 GC were enrolled to successive cohorts in a conventional 3 + 3 design.

Therapy-related myeloid neoplasms in Korean patients with ovarian or primary peritoneal cancer treated with poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors.

Background: Prior prospective studies have demonstrated the efficacy of poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPis) in various cancers with mutations in the breast cancer gene (), such as ovarian and breast cancers. However, PARPi have also been associated with an increased incidence of therapy-related myeloid neoplasms (t-MNs). This study aimed to investigate the incidence of t-MNs following PARPi therapy in patients with ovarian or primary peritoneal cancer in Korea and to identify related risk factors.

Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor: a study of CT, MRI, PET/CT multimodal imaging features and their correlations with pathology.

Purpose: Exploring the computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET)/CT Multimodal Imaging Characteristics of Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor (DSRCT) to enhance the diagnostic proficiency of this condition.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on clinical data and multimodal imaging manifestations (CT, MRI, FDG-PET/CT) of eight cases of DSRCT. These findings were systematically compared with pathological results to succinctly summarize imaging features and elucidate their associations with both clinical and pathological characteristics.

Adverse events associated with the use of cannabis-based products in people living with cancer: a systematic scoping review.

Purpose: To summarise the extent and type of evidence in relation to adverse events (AEs) associated with the use of cannabis-based products (CBP) in people living with cancer.

Methods: The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology for scoping reviews was applied. A search was performed in MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), Scopus, Web of Science Core Collections and AMED (Ovid) from their inception to 7 May 2023.

Proteomics analysis revealed the therapeutic role of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells on radiation-induced colorectal fibrosis in rats.

Background: Radiation-induced colorectal fibrosis (RICF) is a chronic condition that can develop after pelvic radiation therapy for colorectal cancer. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) have emerged as promising candidate for fibrosis treatment, yet the mode of action of ADSC upon RICF remains obscure. This study aimed to investigate the optimal delivery route, treatment timing, anti-fibrotic effects, and underlying mechanisms of ADSCs upon RICF.

Low vs. conventional intra-abdominal pressure in laparoscopic colorectal surgery: a prospective cohort study.

Purpose: Low intraabdominal pressure (IAP) during laparoscopy is associated with improved post-operative outcomes across a variety of surgical specialties. A prospective cohort study was undertaken to assess post-operative outcomes in patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal surgery (LCRS) with low (8mmHg) versus conventional (15mmHg) IAP.

Methods: A prospective real-world observational study of patients undergoing LCRS in a single-centre, between June 2020 and June 2023 was performed.

Surveillance of low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms for progression to pseudomyxoma peritonei: Results from a structured surveillance programme.

Aim: Low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm (LAMN) of the appendix is a rare tumour that can progress to pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP). There is a lack of standardization of surveillance following resection of LAMN as the progression rate to PMP is unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the rate of progression following resection of LAMN to PMP in a structured surveillance programme.

A real-world study: third-line treatment options for metastatic colorectal cancer.

Background: Numerous third-line treatment options exist for colorectal cancer. This study aims to assess the efficacy and safety of third-line therapies, including TKIs (fruquintinib, regorafenib) combined with PD-1 inhibitors, and trifluridine/tipiracil combined with bevacizumab, in patients with refractory microsatellite stable metastatic colorectal cancer who have progressed or are intolerant following standard first- and second-line treatments.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective analysis collected data from patients with microsatellite stable advanced colorectal adenocarcinoma, diagnosed through histopathology and treated at Henan Provincial Cancer Hospital from May 2019 to April 2023.

Challenges following CRS and HIPEC surgery in cancer patients with peritoneal metastasis: a comprehensive review of clinical outcomes.

Cytoreductive Surgery (CRS) and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC) are a pair of relatively modern therapeutic surgical methods in advanced cancerous patients with peritoneal metastasis (PM). The goal of CRS + HIPEC is treatment or to improve survival outcomes, which are linked to high morbidity side effects and complications, even with their possible advantages. Surgical-related, chemotherapy-related, anesthetic-related, gastrointestinal, organs and systemic complications are the categories into which complications are separated according to frequency, risk factors, and effect on patient outcomes.

Low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm: A case report.

Rationale: Low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm (LAMN) is a clinically rare tumor that predominantly occurs in females and presents with nonspecific symptoms, often resulting in misdiagnosis. While postoperative pathology remains the gold standard for diagnosis, accurate preoperative identification through various diagnostic methods is essential for effective treatment planning. To raise awareness of this condition, we present a case of a middle-aged male diagnosed with LAMN.

Single-Cell RNA Sequencing of PBMCs Identified Junction Plakoglobin (JUP) as Stratification Biomarker for Endometriosis.

This study aimed to identify unique characteristics in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of endometriosis patients and develop a non-invasive early diagnostic tool. Using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), we constructed the first single-cell atlas of PBMCs from endometriosis patients based on 107,964 cells and 25,847 genes. Within CD16 monocytes, we discovered as a dysregulated gene.

Identification and Characterization of a Novel Gene Rearrangement in an Advanced Colorectal Cancer Patient: A Case Report.

Despite the existence of effective therapy options for patients with localized colorectal cancer, advanced-stage patients have limited therapies. Genomic profiling is a promising tool for guiding treatment selection as well as patient monitoring. Here, we describe a novel gene rearrangement () detected in a patient with advanced colorectal cancer that could be a therapeutic target.

Beyond Obstruction: Evaluating Self-Expandable Metallic Stents (SEMSs) vs. Emergency Surgery for Challenging pT4 Obstructive Colon Cancer: Multicentre Retrospective Study.

Background/objectives: Colon cancer presents as an obstruction in almost 30% of patients. Self-expandable metallic stents emerged as an alternative to emergency surgery, despite early controversies around their use. Improved techniques led to stent incorporation in clinical guidelines.