Entanglement-Enabled Advantage for Learning a Bosonic Random Displacement Channel.

We show that quantum entanglement can provide an exponential advantage in learning properties of a bosonic continuous-variable (CV) system. The task we consider is estimating a probabilistic mixture of displacement operators acting on n bosonic modes, called a random displacement channel. We prove that if the n modes are not entangled with an ancillary quantum memory, then the channel must be sampled a number of times exponential in n in order to estimate its characteristic function to reasonable precision; this lower bound on sample complexity applies even if the channel inputs and measurements performed on channel outputs are chosen adaptively or have unrestricted energy.

Quantum networks with coherent routing of information through multiple nodes.

Large-scale communication networks, such as the Internet, rely on routing packets of data through multiple intermediate nodes to transmit information from a sender to a receiver. In this paper, we develop a model of a quantum communication network that routes information simultaneously along multiple paths passing through intermediate stations. We demonstrate that a quantum routing approach can in principle extend the distance over which information can be transmitted reliably.

SARS-CoV-2 Illumina GeNome Assembly Line (SIGNAL), a Snakemate workflow for rapid and bulk analysis of Illumina sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 genomes.

The incorporation of sequencing technologies in frontline and public health healthcare settings was vital in developing virus surveillance programs during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, increased data acquisition poses challenges for both rapid and accurate analyses. To overcome these hurdles, we developed the SARS-CoV-2 Illumina GeNome Assembly Line (SIGNAL) for quick bulk analyses of Illumina short-read sequencing data.

End-to-end variational quantum sensing.

Harnessing quantum correlations can enable sensing beyond classical precision limits, with the realization of such sensors poised for transformative impacts across science and engineering. Real devices, however, face the accumulated impacts of noise and architecture constraints, making the design and success of practical quantum sensors challenging. Numerical and theoretical frameworks to optimize and analyze sensing protocols in their entirety are thus crucial for translating quantum advantage into widespread practice.

Approximate Quantum Error Correcting Codes from Conformal Field Theory.

The low-energy subspace of a conformal field theory (CFT) can serve as a quantum error correcting code, with important consequences in holography and quantum gravity. We consider generic (1+1)D CFT codes under extensive local dephasing channels and analyze their error correctability in the thermodynamic limit. We show that (i) there is a finite decoding threshold if and only if the minimal nonzero scaling dimension in the fusion algebra generated by the jump operator of the channel is larger than 1/2 and (ii) the number of protected logical qubits k≥Ω(loglogn), where n is the number of physical qubits.

CaloQVAE: Simulating high-energy particle-calorimeter interactions using hybrid quantum-classical generative models.

The Large Hadron Collider's high luminosity era presents major computational challenges in the analysis of collision events. Large amounts of Monte Carlo (MC) simulation will be required to constrain the statistical uncertainties of the simulated datasets below these of the experimental data. Modelling of high-energy particles propagating through the calorimeter section of the detector is the most computationally intensive MC simulation task.

Spin-Bounded Correlations: Rotation Boxes Within and Beyond Quantum Theory.

How can detector click probabilities respond to spatial rotations around a fixed axis, in any possible physical theory? Here, we give a thorough mathematical analysis of this question in terms of "rotation boxes", which are analogous to the well-known notion of non-local boxes. We prove that quantum theory admits the most general rotational correlations for spins 0, 1/2, and 1, but we describe a metrological game where beyond-quantum resources of spin 3/2 outperform all quantum resources of the same spin. We prove a multitude of fundamental results about these correlations, including an exact convex characterization of the spin-1 correlations, a Tsirelson-type inequality for spins 3/2 and higher, and a proof that the general spin- correlations provide an efficient outer SDP approximation to the quantum set.

Limits of Noisy Quantum Metrology with Restricted Quantum Controls.

The Heisenberg limit [(HL), with estimation error scales as 1/n] and the standard quantum limit (SQL, ∝1/sqrt[n]) are two fundamental limits in estimating an unknown parameter in n copies of quantum channels and are achievable with full quantum controls, e.g., quantum error correction (QEC).

Floquet Flux Attachment in Cold Atomic Systems.

Flux attachment provides a powerful conceptual framework for understanding certain forms of topological order, including most notably the fractional quantum Hall effect. Despite its ubiquitous use as a theoretical tool, directly realizing flux attachment in a microscopic setting remains an open challenge. Here, we propose a simple approach to realizing flux attachment in a periodically driven (Floquet) system of either spins or hard-core bosons.

Dark Photon Limits from Patchy Dark Screening of the Cosmic Microwave Background.

Dark photons that kinetically mix with the Standard Model photon give rise to new spectral anisotropies (patchy dark screening) in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) due to conversion of photons to dark photons within large-scale structure. We utilize predictions for this patchy dark screening signal to provide the tightest constraints to date on the dark photon kinetic mixing parameter [ϵ≲4.5×10^{-8} (95% confidence level)] over the mass range 10^{-13}  eV≲m_{A^{'}}≲10^{-11}  eV, almost an order of magnitude stronger than previous limits, by applying state-of-the-art component separation techniques to the cross-correlation of Planck CMB and unWISE galaxy survey data.

Variational benchmarks for quantum many-body problems.

The continued development of computational approaches to many-body ground-state problems in physics and chemistry calls for a consistent way to assess its overall progress. In this work, we introduce a metric of variational accuracy, the V-score, obtained from the variational energy and its variance. We provide an extensive curated dataset of variational calculations of many-body quantum systems, identifying cases where state-of-the-art numerical approaches show limited accuracy and future algorithms or computational platforms, such as quantum computing, could provide improved accuracy.

Shadow Simulation of Quantum Processes.

We introduce the task of shadow process simulation, where the goal is to simulate the estimation of the expectation values of arbitrary quantum observables at the output of a target physical process. When the sender and receiver share random bits or other no-signaling resources, we show that the performance of shadow process simulation exceeds that of conventional process simulation protocols in a variety of scenarios including communication, noise simulation, and data compression. Remarkably, we find that there exist scenarios where shadow simulation provides increased statistical accuracy without any increase in the number of required samples.

Unraveling the Complexity of Parkinson's Disease: Insights into Pathogenesis and Precision Interventions.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by dopaminergic neuron loss, leading to motor and non-motor symptoms. Early detection before symptom onset is crucial but challenging. This study presents a framework integrating circuit modeling, non-equilibrium dynamics, and optimization to understand PD pathogenesis and enable precision interventions.

Carroll geodesics.

Using effective field theory methods, we derive the Carrollian analog of the geodesic action. We find that it contains both "electric" and "magnetic" contributions that are in general coupled to each other. The equations of motion descending from this action are the Carrollian pendant of geodesics, allowing surprisingly rich dynamics.

Refractive lensing of scintillating FRBs by subparsec cloudlets in the multiphase CGM.

We consider the refractive lensing effects of ionized cool ([Formula: see text]) gas cloudlets in the circumgalactic medium (CGM) of galaxies. In particular, we discuss the combined effects of lensing from these cloudlets and scintillation from plasma screens in the Milky Way interstellar medium (ISM). We show that, if the CGM comprises a mist of subparsec cloudlets with column densities of order [Formula: see text] (as predicted by [M.

Reclaiming the Lost Conformality in a Non-Hermitian Quantum 5-State Potts Model.

Conformal symmetry, emerging at critical points, can be lost when renormalization group fixed points collide. Recently, it was proposed that after collisions, real fixed points transition into the complex plane, becoming complex fixed points described by complex conformal field theories (CFTs). Although this idea is compelling, directly demonstrating such complex conformal fixed points in microscopic models remains highly demanding.

No Black Holes from Light.

We show that it is not possible to concentrate enough light to precipitate the formation of an event horizon. We argue that the dissipative quantum effects coming from the self-interaction of light (such as vacuum polarization) are enough to prevent any meaningful buildup of energy that could create a black hole in any realistic scenario.

One-Dimensional Relativistic Self-Gravitating Systems.

One of the oldest problems in physics is that of calculating the motion of particles under a specified mutual force: the -body problem. Much is known about this problem if the specified force is non-relativistic gravity, and considerable progress has been made by considering the problem in one spatial dimension. Here, I review what is known about the relativistic gravitational -body problem.

Homotopy, symmetry, and non-Hermitian band topology.

Non-Hermitian matrices are ubiquitous in the description of nature ranging from classical dissipative systems, including optical, electrical, and mechanical metamaterials, to scattering of waves and open quantum many-body systems. Seminal line-gap and point-gap classifications of non-Hermitian systems using K-theory have deepened the understanding of many physical phenomena. However, ample systems remain beyond this description; reference points and lines do not in general distinguish whether multiple non-Hermitian bands exhibit intriguing exceptional points, spectral braids and crossings.

Measurement-Based Infused Circuits for Variational Quantum Eigensolvers.

Variational quantum eigensolvers (VQEs) are successful algorithms for studying physical systems on quantum computers. Recently, they were extended to the measurement-based model of quantum computing, bringing resource graph states and their advantages into the realm of quantum simulation. In this Letter, we incorporate such ideas into traditional VQE circuits.

Effective action for dissipative and nonholonomic systems.

We show that the action of a dynamical system can be supplemented by an effective action for its environment to reproduce arbitrary coordinate dependent ohmic dissipation and gyroscopic forces. The action is a generalization of the harmonic bath model and describes a set of massless interacting scalar fields in an auxiliary space coupled to the original system at the boundary. A certain limit of the model implements nonholonomic constraints.

Unveiling Dark Forces with Measurements of the Large Scale Structure of the Universe.

Cosmology offers opportunities to test dark matter independently of its interactions with the standard model. We study the imprints of long-range forces acting solely in the dark sector on the distribution of galaxies, the so-called large scale structure (LSS). We derive the strongest constraint on such forces from a combination of Planck and BOSS data.

Higher-Form Symmetries under Weak Measurement.

We aim to address the following question: if we start with a quantum state with a spontaneously broken higher-form symmetry, what is the fate of the system under weak local quantum measurements? We demonstrate that under certain conditions, a phase transition can be driven by weak measurements, which suppresses the spontaneous breaking of the 1-form symmetry and weakens the 1-form symmetry charge fluctuation. We analyze the nature of the transitions employing the tool of duality, and we demonstrate that some of the transitions driven by weak measurement enjoy a line of fixed points with self-duality.