Long-term Outcomes 18 Years after the Arthroscopic Fixation of a Scapular Articular Fracture: A Case Report.

Reduction and fixation of glenoid cavity fractures using arthroscopy cause little surgical trauma, allowing the complementary diagnosis and treatment of potentially associated injuries (either capsular, ligamentous or tendon lesions) with promising outcomes. The authors report a case of Ideberg type III glenoid fracture with a distal clavicle fracture which underwent percutaneous reduction and bone fixation (with Kirschner wires) using an arthroscopic technique. We describe the procedure and the outcomes after 18 years of follow-up.

Genetic and Clinical-epidemiologic Profile of hRSV in Pediatric Patients in Southern Brazil: A Four-year Hospital Surveillance Study.

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) infections primarily cause acute respiratory illness and pediatric hospitalizations. We examined the hRSV molecular epidemiology in a pediatric cohort over a 4-year period and described the interrelationship with clinical data.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from 2014 to 2017 on children with acute respiratory illness.

Pharmacist-led antimicrobial stewardship program in the treatment of bacteraemia in paediatric patients: a multivariate analysis.

Background: Care bundles are a recognised strategy to improve treatment. When managed through an Antimicrobial Stewardship Program (ASP) based on the pharmacist-led program model, care bundles can be an effective tool to guide decision making in clinical practice and to improve patient outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the results of a pharmacist-led ASP which included a care bundle based on clinical outcomes of bacteraemia (SAB) in a paediatric hospital.

Comparing the Management Recommendations of Large Language Model and Colorectal Cancer Multidisciplinary Team: A Pilot Study.

Background: Management of anorectal cancers requires a multidisciplinary team approach. Recently, large language models have been suggested as potential tools for various applications in health care.

Objective: Assess suggested management recommendations provided by a generative artificial intelligence chatbot with those of a colorectal cancer multidisciplinary team to evaluate applicability in clinical settings.

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for capsular serotype classification in pediatric patients with invasive infections.

Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly in the pediatric population (children and infants), with high rates of hospitalization and death. This study aimed to create and validate a classifier for serotyping using Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy as a rapid alternative to the classical serotyping technique. In this study, a database comprising 76 clinical isolates, including 18 serotypes (predominantly serotypes 19A, 6C, and 3) of from pediatric patients with IPD, was tested at a tertiary pediatric hospital in southern Brazil during 2016-2023.

Acute Infusion-Related Side Effects of Amphotericin B Lipid Complex (ABLC) in Oncohematological Patients: Real-World Data from Brazilian Reference Centers.

Introduction: Amphotericin B lipid complex (ABLC) is an effective antifungal agent for treating invasive fungal infections (IFIs) even though its formulation is associated with potential adverse events, including those related to its infusion. This study aimed to analyze the incidence of acute infusion-related side effects (IRSE) associated with ABLC and their relationship with the profile of patients with oncohematological disease admitted in Brazilian reference tertiary hospitals.

Methods: This is an observational retrospective study that included clinical records of patients hospitalized, in a period of 6 years, diagnosed with probable or proved IFI and treated with at least two doses of ABLC.

Heparan sulfate in cerebrospinal fluid as a biomarker to assess disease severity and for treatment monitoring in patients with Mucopolysaccharidosis Type II: a position statement.

Patients with mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II) can present with a severe neuronopathic phenotype or an attenuated non-neuronopathic phenotype. In the light of the recent development of drugs that cross the blood-brain barrier for treatment of neurologic MPS II symptoms, it is critical to define biomarkers that objectively differentiate phenotypes and monitor therapeutic outcomes of advanced treatments. In December 2023, a panel of Brazilian experts discussed the potential of quantifying heparan sulfate (HS) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as a biomarker for assessing neurological impairment in patients with MPS II, as well as the potential of the molecule as an objective parameter for therapeutic monitoring.

HCT in the widening spectrum of congenital immunodeficiencies.

Purpose Of Review: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and inborn errors of immunity (IEI) have been closely linked since transplantation was first used to cure severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) in 1968. Since then, novel genes and diseases have been continually added to the ongoing list of IEI, and new data on indications and outcomes have emerged. We review recent data and progress in the field of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) for IEI including new diseases and complications.

Balloon angioplasty for cerebral vasospasm in preschool children.

Background: Subarachnoid hemorrhage evolving with cerebral vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischemia may increase morbidity and mortality. Treating vasospasm with balloon percutaneous angioplasty (PTA) in adults is well known, but data in preschool children are scarce. In addition, the smaller diameters and fragility of the vessels in childhood might lead to serious complications.

The role of transforming growth factor β in cervical carcinogenesis.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is involved in virtually all cases of cervical cancer. However, HPV alone is not sufficient to cause malignant development. The effects of chronic inflammation and the interaction of immune components with the microenvironment infected with the high-risk HPV type (HR) may contribute to cancer development.

Adiposity and Muscle Strength in Men With Prostate Cancer and Cardiovascular Outcomes.

Background: There are limited data on the physical effects of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer (PC), and on the relationships of such measures of adiposity and strength to cardiovascular outcomes.

Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the relationships of measures of adiposity and strength to cardiovascular outcomes (cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, arterial revascularization, peripheral arterial disease, and venous thromboembolism) in patients with PC. A secondary objective was to characterize the relationships between ADT use and 12-month changes in these physical measures.

Haematopoietic cell transplantation for 106 infants and preschoolers with acquired and inherited bone marrow failures.

Aplastic anaemia in infants and young children presents unique challenges due to high prevalence of inherited bone marrow failure syndromes (IBMFS) in this age group. The objective of this study is assessing clinical characteristics and outcomes of haematopoietic cell transplantation in children ≤5 years with bone marrow failure syndromes. We analysied 106 patients (66% males), median age 4.

Spinal Neurocutaneous Melanosis.

Neurocutaneous melanosis is characterized by melanin-producing cells within the skin, leptomeninges, or brain parenchyma. It is a severe manifestation of congenital melanocytic nevus syndrome and can develop malignant melanomas. The disorder is commonly present in pediatric patients within the first two years of life and has a poor prognosis.

COVID-19 in Brazilian Pediatric Patients: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study with a Predictive Model for Hospitalization.

Background: This study was conducted to ascertain the most frequent symptoms of COVID-19 infection at first consultation in a pediatric cohort and to devise a predictive model for hospitalization.

Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study of 1028 Brazilian patients aged <18 years with SARS-CoV-2 infection in a single reference hospital in the first year of the pandemic. Clinical, demographic, laboratory, and disease spectrum data were analyzed via multivariate logistic regression modeling to develop a predictive model of factors linked to hospitalization.

Costs of Transfer From Nontrauma to Trauma Centers Among Patients With Minor Injuries.

Importance: Nearly half the patients transferred from nontrauma centers to trauma centers have minor injuries, yet trauma center care is not associated with a difference in morality among patients with minor injuries. Consequently, reducing the frequency of such transfers has been postulated as a method to improve resource allocation. Currently, the economic implications of these transfers are not well understood.