Novel Strategies for the Treatment of Lung Cancer: An In-depth Analysis of the Use of Immunotherapy, Precision Medicine, and Artificial Intelligence to Improve Prognoses.

Therapeutic hurdles persist in the fight against lung cancer, although it is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Results are still not up to par, even with the best efforts of conventional medicine, thus new avenues of investigation are required. Examining how immunotherapy, precision medicine, and AI are being used to manage lung cancer, this review shows how these tools can change the game for patients and increase their chances of survival.

Examining Healthy Lifestyles as a Mediator of the Association Between Socially Determined Vulnerabilities and Incident Heart Failure.

Background: Increased burden of socially determined vulnerabilities (SDV), which include nonmedical conditions that contribute to patient health, is associated with incident heart failure (HF). Mediators of this association have not been examined. We aimed to determine if a healthy lifestyle mediates the association between SDV and HF.

Retraction: Aerobic exercise reverses the NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome/5-HT pathway by upregulating irisin to alleviate post-stroke depression.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-5443.].

Acellular fish skin grafts in diabetic foot ulcer care: Advances and clinical insights.

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) represents a significant public health issue, with a rising global prevalence and severe potential complications including amputation. Traditional treatments often fall short due to various limitations such as high recurrence rates and extensive resource utilization. This editorial explores the innovative use of acellular fish skin grafts as a transformative approach in DFU management.

Betaine combined with traditional Chinese medicine ointment to treat skin wounds in microbially infected diabetic mice.

Background: Skin wounds are highly common in diabetic patients, and with increasing types of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance, wounds and infections in diabetic patients are difficult to treat and heal.

Aim: To explore the effects of betaine ointment (BO) in promoting the healing of skin wounds and reducing the inflammation and apoptosis of skin cells in microbially infected diabetic mice.

Methods: By detecting the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of betaine and plant monomer components such as psoralen, we prepared BO with betaine as the main ingredient, blended it with traditional Chinese medicines such as gromwell root and psoralen, and evaluated its antibacterial effects and safety and .

Development of a rapid and highly sensitive nucleic acid-based diagnostic test for schistosomes, leveraging on identical multi-repeat sequences.

Introduction: Schistosomiasis (Bilharzia), a neglected tropical disease caused by parasites, afflicts over 240 million people globally, disproportionately impacting Sub-Saharan Africa. Current diagnostic tests, despite their utility, suffer from limitations like low sensitivity. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) remain the most common and sensitive nucleic acid amplification tests.

Effectiveness and Safety of Dose-Specific DOACs in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.

Dose adjustments of direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs) for atrial fibrillation are based on pivotal clinical trials assessing their effectiveness and safety in controlled settings. However, the appropriateness of these dosing strategies in real-world practice is uncertain. The purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness and safety of dose-specific DOACs with those of warfarin.

Valvular Heart Disease-Related Mortality Between Middle- and High-Income Countries During 2000 to 2019.

Background: Valvular heart disease (VHD) management has evolved rapidly in recent decades, but disparities in health care access persist among countries with varying socioeconomic backgrounds.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate global mortality trends from VHD and assess the difference between middle- and high-income countries.

Methods: We obtained mortality data from the World Health Organization Mortality Database for VHD and its subgroups (rheumatic valvular disease [RVD], infective endocarditis [IE], aortic stenosis [AS], and mitral regurgitation [MR]) from 2000 to 2019.

Benzenedialdehyde-crosslinked gelatin nanoparticles for Pickering emulsion stabilization.

In this work, three types of benzenedialdehydes (1,2-, 1,3-, and 1,4-BDAs) were used to prepare BDA-crosslinked gelatin nanoparticles and the 1,2-BDA-crosslinked gelatin nanoparticle was explored to stabilize fish oil-loaded Pickering emulsions. The nanoparticle preparation was dependent on both pH and crosslinker types. 1,2-BDA and preparation pH of 12.

Global Trends in the Incidence and Primary Causes of Femoral Fractures, Excluding Femoral Neck Fractures: A Global Epidemiological Study.

Purpose: Fractures pose a significant global health challenge, with varying incidence trends and causes across demographics and regions. This study aims to analyze global patterns in the incidence and primary causes of femoral shaft fractures.

Methods: Data from the Global Burden of Disease database were analyzed for femoral fractures (excluding femoral neck fractures) by age, gender, and socio-demographic index regions.

PASS: A scoring system to evaluate persistent kidney injury in critically ill ICU adult patients.

Background: We evaluated if the course of recovery from sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) can be predicted using variables collected at admission.

Methods: A total of 63 patients admitted for sepsis-induced AKI in our Mangalore ICU were evaluated and baseline demographic and clinical/laboratory parameters, including serum creatinine (SCr), base excess (BE), Plethysmographic Variability Index (PVI), Caval Index, R wave variability index (RVI), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and renal resistivity index (RI) using renal doppler and need for inotropes were assessed on admission. Patients were managed as per standard protocol.

Unveiling urinary extracellular vesicle mRNA signature for early diagnosis and prognosis of bladder cancer.

Bladder cancer (BC) ranks as one of the most prevalent cancers. Its early diagnosis is clinically essential but remains challenging due to the lack of reliable biomarkers. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) carry abundant biological cargoes from parental cells, rendering them as promising cancer biomarkers.

Safety and efficacy of mecapegfilgrastim in preventing neutropenia in patients with head and neck cancer: a multicenter, prospective, observational, real-world study.

Background: Mecapegfilgrastim, a long-acting granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, is approved in China for neutropenia prevention. However, data on its safety and efficacy in patients with head and neck cancer remain limited. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of mecapegfilgrastim in preventing neutropenia among these patients undergoing chemotherapy, particularly those receiving chemoradiotherapy or chemoimmunotherapy.

A comparative study of proximate compositions, phytochemical constituents, and anti-nutritional contents of pulps and seeds of fruit.

is a tropical wild edible plant that is locally consumed in the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Regional state of Ethiopia. However, there is limited information comparing nutritional, phytochemical, and anti-nutritional factors present in fruit pulps and seeds of the fruit. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate and compare the proximate compositions, phytochemical constituents, and anti-nutritional contents of the fruit pulp and seeds.

High glucose induces podocyte ferroptosis through BAP1/SLC7A11 pathway.

Background: Ferroptosis plays an important role in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, its specific regulatory mechanisms remain unclear.

Methods: MPC5 cells were cultured in high glucose (HG) medium to stimulate the HG environment in vitro.

The Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine-Derived Formulations in Cancer Immunotherapy: A Review.

Background: Cancer immunotherapy is an advanced therapeutic approach that harnesses the body's immune system to target and eliminate tumor cells. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), with a history rooted in centuries of clinical practice, plays a crucial role in enhancing immune responses, alleviating cancer-related symptoms, and reducing the risks of infections and complications in cancer patients.

Methodology: This review systematically examines the current literature on TCM-based formulations in cancer immunotherapy.

Nasopharyngeal, tongue and laryngeal cancer in Southern Ethiopia: a seven-year retrospective cross-sectional review.

Background: The burden of cancer is increasing globally and is having a negative impact on people's physical, mental and financial health. On the other hand, developing countries are not progressing to prevent the disease at the same rate as the disease burden increases. The development of strategies for cancer prevention, control and treatment that contribute to the community's improved health requires knowledge of cancer epidemiologic data.

Treatment landscape of patients with HER2+ early breast cancer: an overview.

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in terms of incidence and is the leading cause of cancer deaths among women worldwide. In the Philippines, 33,079 new cases of breast cancer were documented in 2020 comprising 17.5% of all new cancer diagnoses.

Drug Delivery System Targeting Cancer-Associated Fibroblast for Improving Immunotherapy.

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a heterogeneous population of non-malignant cells that play a crucial role in the tumor microenvironment, increasingly recognized as key contributors to cancer progression, metastasis, and treatment resistance. So, targeting CAFs has always been considered an important part of cancer immunotherapy. However, targeting CAFs to improve the efficacy of tumor therapy is currently a major challenge.

Lipid-mediated resolution of inflammation and survival in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Neuroinflammation impacts on the progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a fatal neurodegenerative disorder. Specialized pro-resolving mediators trigger the resolution of inflammation. We investigate the specialized pro-resolving mediator blood profile and their receptors' expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in relation to survival in ALS.

Composite barrier membrane for bone regeneration: advancing biomaterial strategies in defect repair.

Bone defects represent a significant challenge in clinical practice, driving the need for innovative solutions that effectively support bone regeneration. Barrier membranes, due to playing a critical role in creating an environment conducive to bone regeneration by preventing the infiltration of non-osteogenic tissues, are widely applied to bone repair. However, inadequate spatial stability and osteogenesis-promoting ability often limit current barrier membranes.

Burden of rheumatic diseases among people with diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) is a prevalent metabolic condition affecting over 500 million people globally and associated with serious comorbidities, including various rheumatologic conditions. Some studies have reported a significant association between rheumatological conditions and DM2. However, the global burden of rheumatological conditions among people with DM2 remains unknown.

Effectiveness of combined physical exercise and cognitive training in older adults with cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Falls among cognitively impaired older adults are a global concern. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of combining physical exercise and cognitive training to improve balance among older adults. A systematic search of databases, including Embase, Medline-OVID, CINAHL-EBSCOhost, and Central-Cochrane Library, was conducted from March 9 to April 6, 2023.

The potential role of tumor deposits in the prognosis and TNM staging for colorectal cancer.

Background: Tumor deposits (TDs) can impact proper staging of cancer, which is crucial for discussing prognosis and determining the appropriate treatment plan. Our study aimed to correlate how TDs influence prognosis of resected colorectal cancer (CRC) and how to optimize tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging with respect to TDs for clinical decision-making.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 611 patients with CRC treated in Jiangsu Cancer Hospital from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2020 among whom 197 had TDs.