Targeting Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in the Eye: Insights from a New Model of Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis.

Autoimmune uveitis is a relapsing blind-causing ocular condition with complex pathogenesis that is not completely understood. There is a high demand for accurate animal models of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) suitable for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of the disease and testing new therapeutic approaches. Here, we demonstrated that photoreceptor Ca/Zn-sensor protein recoverin is a uveoretinal antigen in albino rabbits provoking typical autoimmune chorioretinitis 2-4 weeks after immunization.

Iron oxides promote physicochemical stabilization of carbon despite enhancing microbial activity in the rice rhizosphere.

Rice rhizosphere soil is a hotspot of microbial activity and a complex interplay between soil abiotic properties, microbial community and organic carbon (C). The iron (Fe) plaque formation in the rice rhizosphere promotes Fe-bound organic C formation and increases microbial activity. Yet, the overall impact of Fe on C storage via physicochemical stabilization and microbial mineralization of rhizodeposits (rhizo-C) and soil organic C (SOC) in the rice rhizosphere remain unclear.

Nitrogen availability in soil controls uptake of different nitrogen forms by plants.

Nitrogen (N) uptake by plant roots from soil is the largest flux within the terrestrial N cycle. Despite its significance, a comprehensive analysis of plant uptake for inorganic and organic N forms across grasslands is lacking. Here we measured in situ plant uptake of 13 inorganic and organic N forms by dominant species along a 3000 km transect spanning temperate and alpine grasslands.

Soil Organic Carbon Increases With Decreasing Microbial Carbon Use Efficiency During Vegetation Restoration.

Microbial carbon (C) use efficiency (CUE) describes the proportion of organic C used by microorganisms for anabolic processes, which increases with soil organic C (SOC) content on a global scale. However, it is unclear whether a similar relationship exists during natural vegetation restoration in terrestrial ecosystems. Here, we investigated the patterns of CUE along a 160-year vegetation restoration chronosequence (from farmland to climax forest) estimated by stoichiometric modeling; additionally, we examined the relationship between CUE and SOC content and combined these results with a meta-analysis.

Combination of Phenylsilsesquioxane and Acetate Ligands as an Approach to a Record High Nuclear CuNa-Cage. Synthesis, Unique Structure, and Catalytic Activity.

Self-assembly synthesis of mixed-ligand (silsesquioxane/acetate) complex allows to isolate record high nuclear copper(II) Cu-cage (1). In the presence of two additional sodium ions, a unique molecular architecture, with triple combination of ligands (cyclic and acyclic silsesquioxanes as well as acetates), has been formed. The structure was established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction based on the use of synchrotron radiation.

Pathologically altered articular cartilage attracts intense chondrocyte invasion into the extracellular matrix: in vitro pilot study.

Background: Due to non-vascularized and aneural structure, articular cartilage has limited self-repairing capacity. The aim of this study was to investigate the revitalization of inflammatory injured articular cartilage matrices by human nasal chondrocytes (hNC).

Materials And Methods: Cartilage matrix was prepared by devitalization of articular cartilage samples obtained intraoperatively from an adult patient undergoing knee joint replacement.

47f: Bioadaptation to Low Doses of Xenobiotics in Aquaculture.

Agricultural and industrial activities are increasing pollution of water bodies with low doses of xenobiotics that have detrimental effects on aquaculture. The aim of this work was to determine the possibility of using 47f culture in fish aquaculture under the influence of low doses of xenobiotics as an adaptogen. An increase in the survival of individuals exposed to the xenobiotic bisphenol A solution and fed with the 47f was shown compared to control groups and, at the same time, the cytokine profile in the intestinal tissues of was also investigated.

Sex-Specific Associations Between Lifestyle Factors and Sick Leave in the Serbian Working Population: Findings from the National Health Survey.

: Sick leave is influenced by various modifiable lifestyle factors and sex differences. This study investigates the associations between body mass index, fruit and vegetable consumption, physical activity, smoking, and alcohol consumption and sick leave among Serbia's working population, with emphasis on sex differences. : Data from the 2019 National Health Survey of Serbia were analyzed, involving a sample of 4652 individuals.

Advance in Nrf2 Signaling Pathway in Leishmaniasis.

One of the main components of innate defense against invasive parasites is oxidative stress, which is brought on by reactive oxygen species (ROS). On the other hand, oxidative stressors serve two purposes: free radicals aid in the elimination of pathogens, but they can also set off inflammation, which leads to tissue damage. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that controls the expression of numerous genes involved in the body's defense against oxidative stress brought on by aging, inflammation, tissue damage, and other pathological consequences.

A light-driven ultrafast sensor based on biocompatible solvatochromic metal-organic frameworks.

The design of fast, endurant, and biocompatible porous frameworks with solvatochromism, aimed to addressing the multiple visual sensing of chemicals, still remains a challenge. Here, we report on a solvatochromic metal-organic framework (MOF) based on cobalt and trimesic acid. We examined its solvatochromism through the solvent exchange and revealed high selectivity to water/dimethylformamide combination.

Long-living transients in ecological models: Recent progress, new challenges, and open questions.

Traditionally, mathematical models in ecology placed an emphasis on asymptotic, long-term dynamics. However, a large number of recent studies highlighted the importance of transient dynamics in ecological and eco-evolutionary systems, in particular 'long transients' that can last for hundreds of generations or even longer. Many models as well as empirical studies indicated that a system can function for a long time in a certain state or regime (a 'metastable regime') but later exhibits an abrupt transition to another regime not preceded by any parameter change (or following the change that occurred long before the transition).

Reaction-diffusion waves in biology: new trends, recent developments.

Reaction-diffusion systems are widely used in the description of propagation phenomena in biological systems, where chemical and biological processes combine to produce spatial and temporal patterns. This paper explores the recent trends and developments in the study of reaction-diffusion waves, highlighting their relevance to diverse biological contexts such as population dynamics, ecology or biomedical applications. Progress in mathematical techniques and computational methods advances our ability to model these systems, providing deeper insights into wave propagation, stability, and bifurcations.

Urban ecosystem services research in Russia: Systematic review on the state of the art.

Research on urban ecosystem services (ES) covers many regions globally, yet significant gaps remain in several areas, including Russia. Furthermore, the number of publications on Russian ES is still very low, and most of them focus on ES assessment on the national level which results in an incomplete understanding of ES provision in Russian cities. To fill this gap, 197 publications on urban ES have been systematically reviewed.

Dual roles of extracellular vesicles in acute lymphoblastic leukemia: implications for disease progression and theranostic strategies.

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is a heterogeneous blood cancer characterized by the uncontrolled growth of immature lymphoid cells due to dysregulated signaling pathways. It is the most common pediatric cancer, with high cure rates in children, but significantly lower survival rates in adults. Current theranostic strategies, including chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and nanomedicine, aim to improve detection and treatment precision but are limited by side effects, drug resistance, high costs, and stability issues.

Loss of taxonomic and functional diversity and decrease in primary productivity with nitrogen enrichment after a long-term release from grazing in an alpine grassland.

Moderate grazing can sustain high species diversity and productivity. However, nitrogen enrichment often reduces species richness while promoting primary productivity, which contradicts the traditional understanding of the positive effect of plant diversity on productivity. Whether the responses of diversity and productivity to N enrichment on a long-term scale conform to those on short-term scale.

An octanuclear 3-phenyl-5-(2-pyridyl)pyrazolate/phenylsilsesquioxane complex: synthesis, unique structure, and catalytic activity.

The first metallasilsesquioxane bearing pyrazolylpyridine ligands, the Cu-based complex 1, adopts a cage-like structure with two zigzag-type copper tetramers sandwiched by two cyclic Si silsesquioxane ligands. The four 3-phenyl-5-(2-pyridyl)pyrazolate ligands in 1 exhibit dual (chelating and bridging) modes of ligation. Compound 1 is very active in the oxidation of alkanes and alcohols.

Euonymus maximowiczianus aril-derived long-term suspension-cultured cells: Light and methyl jasmonate impact in the anthocyanin and VLCFA accumulation.

The genus Euonymus (L.) consists of shrubs and woody plants, distributed mainly in the Northern Hemisphere. Several hundred of secondary metabolites have been isolated from Euonymus spp.

Lithological Controls on Soil Aggregates and Minerals Regulate Microbial Carbon Use Efficiency and Necromass Stability.

Microbial carbon (C) use efficiency (CUE) drives soil C formation, while physical-chemical protection stabilizes subsequent microbial necromass, both shaped by soil aggregates and minerals. Soils inherit many properties from the parent material, yet the influence of lithology and associated soil geochemistry on microbial CUE and necromass stabilization remains unknow. Here, we quantified microbial CUE in well-aggregated bulk soils and crushed aggregates, as well as microbial necromass in bulk soils and the mineral-associated organic matter fraction, originating from carbonate-containing (karst) and carbonate-free (clastic rock, nonkarst) parent materials along a broad climatic gradient.

Solvent Free Ambient Pressure CO Cycloaddition Catalyzed by Cobalt-Impregnated 2D-Nanofibrous COFs.

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) constitute an evolving class of permanently porous and ordered materials, and they have recently attracted increased interest due to their intriguing morphological features and numerous applications in gas storage, adsorption, and catalysis. However, their low aqueous stabilities and tedious syntheses generally hamper their use in heterogeneous catalysis. Nonetheless, a capable and water-stable heterogeneous catalytic system for coupling CO/epoxides to generate industrially important cyclic carbonates is still of great interest.

Bacterial Cellulose-Chitosan Composite for Prolonged-Action L-Asparaginase in Treatment of Melanoma Cells.

A significant challenge associated with the therapeutic use of L-ASP for treatment of tumors is its rapid clearance from plasma. Effectiveness of L-ASP is limited by the dose-dependent toxicity. Therefore, new approaches are being developed for L-ASP to improve its therapeutic properties.

Selectivity Control in Nitroaldol (Henry) Reaction by Changing the Basic Anion in a Chiral Copper(II) Complex Based on ()-2-Aminomethylpyrrolidine and 3,5-Di--butylsalicylaldehyde.

This article is a continuation of our previous research on the catalytic capability of a chiral copper complex based on commercially available ()-2-aminomethylpyrrolidine and 3,5-di--butylsalicylaldehyde with various counter-anions in the asymmetric Henry reaction. Our findings indicate that depending on the type of base used, chiral nitroalcohols with yields up to 98% and values up to 77%, as well as β-nitrostyrenes with yields up to 88%, can be produced. Additionally, it has been found that the outcome of the reaction and the catalytic properties of copper (II) complexes ()- and ()- are influenced by the structure of the aldehyde used.