Cross-Coupling of Carbonyl Derivatives and -Arylamines Enabled by Visible Light for Easy Access to 1,2-Amino Alcohols.

We disclosed a new strategy for the synthesis of 1,2-amino alcohols enabled by visible light without the requirement of a photocatalyst and metal. Under light irradiation at 400 nm, the reaction of carbonyl derivatives and -arylamines proceeds via an electron-donor-acceptor (EDA) intermediate, obtaining diverse vicinal amino alcohols decorated with a two-electron-rich/-deficient aryl group.

Horizontal Distortion Correction of AFM Images Based on Automatic Labeling of Feature Graphics.

The atomic force microscope (AFM) image will be inclined and bent due to the tilt angle between the probe and the sample surface. When the least squares fitting method is used to correct the horizontal distortion of the AFM image, the shape structure that is lower or higher than the sample base will affect the final fitting correction result. In view of the limitations of existing methods and the diversity of AFM images, an AFM image level distortion correction method based on automatic feature marking is proposed.

Building a teaching method for "clinical molecular biology testing technology" guided by the cultivation of thinking skills.

The knowledge of "clinical molecular biology testing technology" is complex, conceptual expressions are abstract and difficult to understand, and the student's interest in learning is low. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a cyclic teaching method based on case analysis combined with an exploratory teaching method using mind mapping as an assignment. Students from the 2019 cohort of medical laboratory technology at Hunan University of Chinese Medicine served as the control group and received conventional lecture-based teaching methods.

Associations of Tai Chi With Depression and Anxiety Among Older Adults: Nationwide Study Findings From a Network Perspective.

Within the global population, depression and anxiety are common among older adults. Tai Chi is believed to have a positive impact on these disturbances. This study examined the network structures of depression and anxiety among older Tai Chi practitioners vs non-practitioners.

STMGraph: spatial-context-aware of transcriptomes via a dual-remasked dynamic graph attention model.

Spatial transcriptomics (ST) technologies enable dissecting the tissue architecture in spatial context. To perceive the global contextual information of gene expression patterns in tissue, the spatial dependence of cells must be fully considered by integrating both local and non-local features by means of spatial-context-aware. However, the current ST integration algorithm ignores for ST dropouts, which impedes the spatial-aware of ST features, resulting in challenges in the accuracy and robustness of microenvironmental heterogeneity detecting, spatial domain clustering, and batch-effects correction.

Charge Regulation-Enhanced Type I Photosensitizer-Loaded Hydrogel Dressing for Hypoxic Bacterial Inhibition and Biofilm Elimination.

Biofilm-induced chronic bacterial infections represent a significant challenge in modern medicine due to their resistance to conventional antibiotic treatments. Although photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a promising antibiotic-free antibacterial strategy, the hypoxic condition within biofilms and the lack of an effective local drug delivery system have limited the clinical effectiveness of photosensitizer (PS) agents. Herein, we propose a type of charge regulation-enhanced type I PS-loaded hydrogel dressing for treating biofilm infection.

Climate Change Drives Changes in the Size and Composition of Fungal Communities Along the Soil-Seedling Continuum of Schima superba.

Plant microbiomes have a major influence on forest structure and functions, as well as tree fitness and evolution. However, a comprehensive understanding of variations in fungi along the soil-plant continuum, particularly within tree seedlings, under global warming is lacking. Here, we investigated the dynamics of fungal communities across different compartments (including bulk soil and rhizosphere soil) and plant organs (including the endosphere of roots, stems and leaves) of Schima superba seedlings exposed to experimental warming and drought using AccuITS absolute quantitative sequencing.

Safety and clinical efficacy of neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy with immunotherapy for organ preservation in ultra-low rectal cancer: preliminary results of the CHOICE-I trial: a prospective cohort study.

Objective: To explore the safety and efficacy of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) combined with a PD-1 antibody in improving complete clinical response (cCR) and organ preservation in patients with ultra-low rectal cancer.

Methods: This was a prospective phase II, single-arm, open-label trial. Patients with confirmed pMMR status T1-3aN0-1M0 retcal adenocarcinoma were included.

Investigation of Anti-Apoptotic Effects and Mechanisms of Astragaloside IV in a Rat Model of Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.

Background: Ischemic stroke is a prevalent and life-threatening cerebrovascular disease that is challenging to treat and associated with a poor prognosis. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV), a primary bioactive component of Astragali radix, has demonstrated neuroprotective benefits in previous studies. This study aimed to explore the mechanisms through which AS-IV may treat cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI).

Liquid-Metal-Based Multichannel Strain Sensor for Sign Language Gesture Classification Using Machine Learning.

Liquid metals are highly conductive like metallic materials and have excellent deformability due to their liquid state, making them rather promising for flexible and stretchable wearable sensors. However, patterning liquid metals on soft substrates has been a challenge due to high surface tension. In this paper, a new method is proposed to overcome the difficulties in fabricating liquid-state strain sensors.

Guarding Drinking Water Safety against Harmful Algal Blooms: Could UV/Cl Treatment Be the Answer?

Frequent and severe occurrences of harmful algal blooms increasingly threaten human health by the release of microcystins (MCs). Urgent attention is directed toward managing MCs, as evidenced by rising HAB-related do not drink/do not boil advisories due to unsafe MC levels in drinking water. UV/chlorine treatment, in which UV light is applied simultaneously with chlorine, showed early promise for effectively degrading MC-LR to values below the World Health Organization's guideline limits.

Surgical treatment of congenital pseudarthrosis of the Tibia in children: CPAM-LRC consensus and guidelines.

Purpose: Congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia (CPT) is a rare condition typically manifesting within the first decade of life. The primary objectives of surgical intervention for CPT include achieving long-term bony union of the tibia, preventing or minimizing limb length discrepancies (LLD), avoiding mechanical axis deviations of the tibia and adjacent joints, and preventing refracture. This study aims to conduct a systematic review of current treatment methods for CPT to determine the most effective non-surgical and surgical management strategies for pediatric patients with this condition.

Effects of double data extraction on errors in evidence synthesis: a crossover, multicenter, investigator-blinded, randomized controlled trial.

Objectives: The objective was to investigate the role of double extraction in reducing data errors in evidence synthesis for pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical interventions.

Design: Crossover randomized controlled trial (RCT).

Setting: University and hospital with teaching programs in evidence-based medicine.

Focus on mechano-immunology: new direction in cancer treatment.

The immune response is modulated by a diverse array of signals within the tissue microenvironment, encompassing biochemical factors, mechanical forces, and pressures from adjacent tissues. Furthermore, the extracellular matrix and its constituents significantly influence the function of immune cells. In the case of carcinogenesis, changes in the biophysical properties of tissues can impact the mechanical signals received by immune cells, and these signals can be translated into biochemical signals through mechano-transduction pathways.

Autoimmune diseases and risk of gastrointestinal cancer: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of observational studies.

Background: Several autoimmune diseases (ADs) are considered risk factors for gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. This study pooled and appraised the evidence associating ADs to GI cancer risks.

Methods: Three databases were examined from initiation through 26 January 2024.

Pharmacovigilance insights into medication-induced risk of dural arteriovenous fistula.

Background: Dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) pose a significant health threat owing to their high misdiagnosis rate. Case reports suggest that DAVFs or related acute events may follow medication use; however, drug-related risk factors remain unclear. In clinical practice, the concomitant use of multiple drugs for therapy is known as "polypharmacy situations," further increasing the risk of drug-induced DAVF.

Knockout of a testis-specific gene cluster impairs male fertility in the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda.

Background: The function of some testis-specific genes (TSGs) in model insects have been studied, but their function in non-model insects remains largely unexplored. In the present study, we identified several TSGs in the fall armyworm (FAW), a significant agricultural pest, through comparative transcriptomic analysis. A testis-specific gene cluster (TSGC) comprising multiple functional genes and long non-coding RNAs was found.

Artificial Intelligence Predicts Multiclass Molecular Signatures and Subtypes Directly From Breast Cancer Histology: a Multicenter Retrospective Study.

Detection of biomarkers of breast cancer incurs additional costs and tissue burden. We propose a deep learning-based algorithm (BBMIL) to predict classical biomarkers, immunotherapy-associated gene signatures, and prognosis-associated subtypes directly from hematoxylin and eosin stained histopathology images. BBMIL showed the best performance among comparative algorithms on the prediction of classical biomarkers, immunotherapy related gene signatures, and subtypes.

RNA N4-acetylcytidine modification and its role in health and diseases.

N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) modification is a crucial RNA modification widely present in eukaryotic RNA. Previous studies have demonstrated that ac4C plays a pivotal role in viral infections. Despite numerous studies highlighting the strong correlation between ac4C modification and cancer progression, its detailed roles and molecular mechanisms in normal physiological processes and cancer progression remain incompletely understood.

Sarcopenia and cachexia: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions.

Sarcopenia is defined as a muscle-wasting syndrome that occurs with accelerated aging, while cachexia is a severe wasting syndrome associated with conditions such as cancer and immunodeficiency disorders, which cannot be fully addressed through conventional nutritional supplementation. Sarcopenia can be considered a component of cachexia, with the bidirectional interplay between adipose tissue and skeletal muscle potentially serving as a molecular mechanism for both conditions. However, the underlying mechanisms differ.

Altered zygotic gene expression caused by sperm with variants disrupts early embryonic development.

The precise mechanisms behind early embryonic arrest due to sperm-related factors and the most effective strategies are not yet fully understood. Here, we present two cases of male infertility linked to novel variants, associated with oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT) and early embryonic arrest. To investigate the underlying mechanisms and promising therapeutic approaches, knock-in and knock-out mice were generated.

Osteoarthritis synovium as a nidus for monosodium urate crystal deposition inducing severe gout studied by label-free stimulated Raman scattering combined with synovial organoids.

Gout, a common chronic disease, is characterized by the formation and deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) crystal deposition in articular and nonarticular structures. Osteoarthritis (OA), the most prevalent type of arthritis, is a progressive degenerative joint disease. Previous clinical studies have reported that gout frequently affects OA joints; however, the underlying mechanism remains unidentified.

PDPN+ cancer-associated fibroblasts enhance gastric cancer angiogenesis via AKT/NF-κB activation and the CCL2-ACKR1 axis.

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are intrinsic components of the tumor microenvironment that promote cancer progression and metastasis. Through an unbiased integrated analysis of gastric tumor grade and stage, we identified a subset of proangiogenic CAFs characterized by high podoplanin (PDPN) expression, which are significantly enriched in metastatic lesions and secrete chemokine (CC-motif) ligand 2 (CCL2). Mechanistically, PDPN(+) CAFs enhance angiogenesis by activating the AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Multiorgan proteomic analysis of infected animal models predict potential host factors for chikungunya virus.

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne alphavirus that is primarily known for causing severe joint and muscle symptoms, but its pathological effects have extended beyond these tissues. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive proteomic analysis across various organs in rodent and nonhuman primate models to investigate CHIKV's impact on organs beyond joints and muscles and to identify key host factors involved in its pathogenesis. Our findings reveal significant species-specific similarities and differences in immune responses and metabolic regulation, with proteins like Interferon-Stimulated Gene 15 (ISG15) and Retinoic Acid-Inducible Gene I (RIG-I) playing crucial roles in the anti-CHIKV defense.

Prolyl 4-hydroxylase α-subunit family regulation of type I collagen deposition and IL17RB/c-Jun activation synergistically mediate choline dehydrogenase promotion of colorectal cancer metastasis.

Metastasis continues to pose a significant challenge in tumor treatment. Evidence indicates that choline dehydrogenase (CHDH) is crucial in tumorigenesis. However, the functional role of CHDH in colorectal cancer (CRC) metastasis remains unreported.