Three-Level Nanoparticle Rocket Strategy for Colorectal Cancer Therapeutics in Photothermal Therapy, Inflammation Modulation, and Cuproptosis Induction.

Disturbances in intracellular copper (Cu) homeostasis can trigger cuproptosis, a new form of cell death, which, when combined with photothermal therapy (PTT), offers a promising solution to the persistent challenges in colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment. In this study, a "three-level nanoparticle rocket" strategy is developed by engineering CuO, a multifunctional Cu-based nanoenzyme that is photothermal and has electron transfer properties and antioxidant efficiency. CuO effectively remodels the inflammatory environment by scavenging reactive oxygen species, thereby overcoming the traditional limitations of PTT.

Charge Transfer Effect in Layered Cathodes Through MEMS-Based In Situ TEM Studies.

The irreversible lattice oxygen release is the primary issue in layered oxide cathodes which is generally attributed to a consecutive phase transition with less lattice oxygen content. Herein, an anomalous metal segregation pathway is observed in oxygen vacancy defective layered cathodes, which happens far before the onset of phase transitions. The correlation of electron energy loss spectroscopy indicates that an early charge transfer from oxygen 2p to Mn 3d orbital is responsible.

DMSO-Assisted Control Enables Highly Efficient 2D/3D Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells.

Building 2D/3D heterojunction is a promising approach to passivate surface defects and improve the stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Developing effective methods to build high-quality 2D/3D heterojunction is in demand. The formation of 2D/3D heterojunction involves both the diffusion of 2D spacer molecules and phase transition from 3D to 2D structure.

Carbon Dioxide Upgrading to Biodegradable Plastics through Photo/Electro-Synthetic Biohybrid Systems.

The escalating emissions of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO) and the pervasive issue of nondegradable plastic pollution underscore dual urgent challenges in pursuit of a sustainable society. Achieving such sustainability in the plastic industry, while effectively addressing these environmental concerns, necessitates the development and implementation of innovative strategies for the synthesis of biodegradable polymers utilizing CO as feedstocks. The technologies not only facilitate the mitigation of elevated atmospheric CO concentrations but also introduce a renewable carbon resource for polymer manufacturing.

Late-stage C-H trifluoroacetylation of quinoxaline-2(1)-ones using masked trifluoroacyl reagents.

A strategy for trifluoroacetylation of quinoxaline-2(1)-ones has been investigated. This strategy employs masked trifluoroacyl reagents to obtain trifluoroacetylated quinoxaline-2(1)-ones under metal-, catalyst-, and light-free conditions. This approach is distinguished by its functional group compatibility and tolerance, as well as the simplicity of the experimental process, making it suitable for gram-scale synthesis.

A conversation with the 2024 "Oriental Rising Star" awardee.

Aiming at encouraging young talents to become dedicated surgeon-scientists in the field of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery, an "Oriental Rising Star Award" was established at the 32nd annual meeting of the Asian Society for Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery ("ASCVTS 2024") which was held in Wuhan, China, on May 23-26, 2024. The winner of the First Prize was Dr. Yuanjia Zhu from Stanford University, USA.

Improving sulforaphane content in broccoli sprouts by applying Se: transcriptome profiling and coexpression network analysis provide insights into the mechanistic response.

Sulforaphane (SF) is a sulfur (S)-containing isothiocyanate found in cruciferous vegetables and is known for its potent anticancer properties. Broccoli sprouts, in particular, are considered safe and healthy dietary choices due to their high SF content and other beneficial biological activities, such as enhanced metabolite ingestion. The application of selenium (Se) is an excellent approach to enhance the abundance of SF.

A Smart mRNA-Initiated Theranostic Multi-shRNA Nanofactory for Precise and Efficient Cancer Gene Therapy.

Despite the significant potential of short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated gene therapy for various diseases, the clinical success of cancer treatment remains poor, partly because of low selectivity and low efficiency. In this study, an mRNA-initiated autonomous multi-shRNA nanofactory (RNF@CM) is designed for in vivo amplification imaging and precise cancer treatment. The RNF@CM consists of a gold nanoparticle core, an interlayer of two types of three-stranded DNA/RNA hybrid probes, one of which is bound to aptamer-inhibited DNA polymerases, and an outer layer of the cancer cell membrane.

Biomimetic Diselenide-Sonosensitizer Nanoplatform for Enhanced Sonodynamic Therapy and In Situ Remodeling Immunosuppressive Microenvironment via Activating Innate and Adaptive Immunotherapy.

Sonodynamic therapy (SDT), which is non-invasive and controllable has the potential to treat triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, the hypoxia and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) often block the production of reactive oxygen species and the induction of SDT-activated immunogenic cell death, thus limiting the activation of adaptive immune responses. To alleviate these challenges, we proposed the development of a multifunctional biomimetic nanoplatform (mTSeIR), which was designed with diselenide-conjugated sonosensitizers and tirapazamine (TPZ), encapsulated within M1 macrophage membrane.

Research progress of Chinese medicinal monomers in the process of melanoma occurrence.

Context: Melanoma's aggressiveness and resistance to radiotherapy highlight an urgent need for innovative treatments. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) offers a unique approach through its 'four natures' theory-cold, cool, warm, and hot.

Objective: This review aims to explore the potential of TCM's 'four natures' herbal monomers in melanoma treatment, providing an alternative to conventional therapies.

Visual Location of Oxygen Vacancies on Bismuth Titanate Nanosheets with Periodic Quantum Well and Promoting HO Photosynthesis.

Oxygen vacancy (OV) defect engineering plays a crucial role in enhancing photocatalytic efficiency. However, the direct visual characterization of oxygen vacancies still remains technically limited. Herein, a bismuth titanate (BiTiO, BTO-OV) model photocatalyst containing oxygen vacancies is constructed through density functional theory (DFT) calculations to reveal the influence mechanism of distinctive periodic quantum well and oxygen vacancies on the charge transfer behavior in BTO.

Chronic exposure to low-dose MC-LR induces ileal inflammation in mice through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.

The global phenomenon of cyanobacterial bloom pollution is spreading globally due to climate change and eutrophication. It is well established that harmful cyanobacteria produce a wide range of toxins including microcystin-LR (MC-LR), a cyclic heptapeptide toxin known to damage various organs. The intestinal tract is the main site of MC-LR absorption and one of the targets susceptible to toxicity.

Cooperative Anion-π Catalysis with Chiral Molecular Cages toward Enantioselective Desymmetrization of Anhydrides.

Exploiting novel noncovalent interactions for catalysis design represents a fascinating direction. For the flexible and relatively weak anion-π interactions, manipulation of two or more π-acidic surfaces for cooperative activation is highly desirable. Here, we demonstrate the strategy of cooperative anion-π catalysis based on chiral molecular cages with V-shaped electron-deficient cavities for synergic binding and activation of dicarbonyl electrophiles toward highly enantioselective desymmetrization transformation.

AENK ameliorates cognitive impairment and prevents Tau hyperphosphorylation through inhibiting AEP-mediated cleavage of SET in rats with ischemic stroke.

Brain damage induced by ischemia promotes the development of cognitive dysfunction, thus increasing the risk of dementia such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Studies indicate that cellular acidification-triggered activation of asparagine endopeptidase (AEP) plays a key role in ischemic brain injury, through multiple molecular pathways, including cleavage of its substrates such as SET (inhibitor 2 of PP2A, I ) and Tau. However, whether direct targeting AEP can effectively prevent post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) remains unanswered.

Ionic-Liquid Synthesis of Atomic Molybdenum Nitride Clusters as Bifunctional Oxygen Reduction and Evolution Reactions Electrocatalysts for Alkaline Zn-Air Battery.

Transition-metal nitrides (TMNs) have garnered considerable attention for energy conversion applications owing to their exceptional electronic structures and high catalytic activities. However, the scarcity of active sites in TMNs impedes their large-scale application. This study describes the use of wetness impregnation and ionic-liquid methods to enhance the electrocatalytic efficiency of molybdenum nitride (MoN) atomic clusters finely dispersed on nitrogen-doped carbon (MoN@NC) substrates.

Microdose Cocktail Study Reveals the Activity and Key Influencing Factors of OATP1B, P-Gp, BCRP, and CYP3A in End-Stage Renal Disease Patients.

OATP1B, P-gp, BCRP, and CYP3A are the most contributing drug-metabolizing enzymes or transporters (DMETs) for commonly prescribed medication. Their activities may change in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients with large inter-individual variabilities (IIVs), leading to altered substrate drug exposure and ultimately elevated safety risk. However, the changing extent and indictive influencing factors are not quantified so far.

FOXA1 activates NOLC1 transcription through NOTCH pathway to promote cell stemness in lung adenocarcinoma.

Tumor cell stemness plays a pivotal role in generating functional heterogeneity within tumors and is implicated in essential processes such as drug resistance, metastasis, and cell proliferation. Therefore, creating novel tumor diagnostic techniques and therapeutic plans requires a knowledge of the possible processes that preserve the stem cell-like qualities of cancers. Bioinformatics analysis of NOLC1 expression in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and prediction of its upstream transcription factors and their binding sites were completed.

LHPP-P38 MAPK/ERK-ETS1 Axis Negative Feedback Signaling Restrains Progression in Breast Cancer.

Invasion and metastasis are major causes of mortality in breast cancer (BRCA) patients. LHPP, known for its tumor-suppressive effects, has an undefined role in BRCA. We found reduced LHPP protein in BRCA tissues, with lower levels correlating with poor patient outcomes.

MScanFit and StairFit Motor Unit Number Estimation of the Extensor Digitorum Brevis and Abductor Digiti Minimi Muscles.

Introduction/aims: MScanFit and StairFit are two motor unit number estimation (MUNE) methods derived from a compound muscle action potential (CMAP) scan. This study aims to compare MScanFit and StairFit MUNE values by applying both methods to the same muscles.

Methods: CMAP scans were recorded from the extensor digitorum brevis (EDB) and abductor digiti minimi (ADM) muscles.

Ring-in-Ring Assembly Facilitates the Synthesis of a [12]Cycloparaphenylene ABC-Type [3]Catenane.

Cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) represent a significant challenge for the synthesis of mechanically interlocked architectures, because they lack heteroatoms, which precludes traditional active and passive template methods. To circumvent this problem and explore the fundamental and functional properties of CPP rotaxanes and catenanes, researches have resorted to unusual non-covalent and even to labor-intensive covalent template approaches. Herein, we report a ring-in-ring non-covalent template strategy that makes use of the surprisingly strong non-covalent inclusion of crown ethers into suitably sized CPPs.

Visible-light-mediated selenocyclization of -vinylanilides with diselenides.

Herein, we describe a visible-light-mediated selenocyclization of -vinylanilides with diselenides, which provides a mild and effective method for the synthesis of selenylated 4-3,1-benzoxazines. This reaction proceeds under metal-free conditions, without the need for a chemical oxidant or a controlled O atmosphere and shows a broad substrate scope with yields of up to 98%. Additionally, the process is easily scalable to the gram scale.

Time-resolved single-cell secretion analysis microfluidics.

Revealing how individual cells alter their secretions over time is crucial for understanding their responses to environmental changes. Key questions include: When do cells modify their functions and states? What transitions occur? Insights into the kinetic secretion trajectories of various cell types are essential for unraveling complex biological systems. This review highlights seven microfluidic technologies for time-resolved single-cell secretion analysis: 1.

Design, Synthesis, and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Highly Selective PARP1 Inhibitors with Brain Penetrance.

Selective poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) inhibitors not only exhibit antitumor efficacy but also offer the potential to mitigate the toxicities typically associated with broader PARP inhibition. In this study, we designed and synthesized a series of small molecules targeting highly selective PARP1 inhibitors. Among these, demonstrated excellent selectivity to PARP1 along with the capability to effectively cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB).