Global metabolomic alterations associated with endocrine-disrupting chemicals among pregnant individuals and newborns.

Background: Gestational exposure to non-persistent endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) may be associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. While many EDCs affect the endocrine system, their effects on endocrine-related metabolic pathways remain unclear. This study aims to explore the global metabolome changes associated with EDC biomarkers at delivery.

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis to Assess Safety and Early Mortality in Octogenarians undergoing Fenestrated and Branched Endovascular Aortic Repair for Complex Aortic Aneurysms.

Objectives: The population in the U.S., and across the world is aging rapidly which warrants an assessment of the safety of surgical approaches in elderly individuals to better risk stratify and inform surgeons' decision making for optimal patient care.

The effect of registered nurse staffing and skill mix on length of stay and hospital costs.

Background: Sepsis is a common cause of hospitalization among Medicare beneficiaries, often leading to prolonged hospital stays and high costs.

Purpose: To estimate the impact of registered nurse (RN) staffing and skill mix on hospital lengths of stay and associated costs for Medicare beneficiaries with sepsis.

Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional analysis was conducted using 2018 data from 2,107 acute care hospitals, including 653,496 patients with sepsis.

Diagnostic and Therapeutic Utility of Extracellular Vesicles in Ocular Disease.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer particles released by virtually all cells, with prominent roles in both physiological and pathological processes. The size, number, and molecular composition of released EVs correlate to the cells of origin, modulated by the cell's environment and pathologic state. The proteins, DNA, RNA, and protein cargo carried by EVs are protected by degradation, with a prominent role in targeted intercellular signaling.

Exploring the Pharmacogenomic Map of Croatia: PGx Clustering of 522-Patient Cohort Based on UMAP + HDBSCAN Algorithm.

Pharmacogenetics is a branch of genomic medicine aiming to personalize drug prescription guidelines based on individual genetic information. This concept might lead to a reduction in adverse drug reactions, which place a heavy burden on individual patients' health and the economy of the healthcare system. The aim of this study was to present insights gained from the pharmacogenetics-based clustering of over 500 patients from the Croatian population.

A Multi-Omics Analysis of a Mitophagy-Related Signature in Pan-Cancer.

Mitophagy, an essential process within cellular autophagy, has a critical role in regulating key cellular functions such as reproduction, metabolism, and apoptosis. Its involvement in tumor development is complex and influenced by the cellular environment. Here, we conduct a comprehensive analysis of a mitophagy-related gene signature, composed of , , , , , , and , across various cancer types, revealing significant differential expression patterns associated with molecular subtypes, stages, and patient outcomes.

Stress Due to Inflation and Its Association with Anxiety and Depression Among Working-Age Adults in the United States.

Inflation generates stress, which may lead to high rates of anxiety and depression. Given the recent surge and subsequent decline in the inflation rate in the United States, the prevalence of stress due to inflation may vary, as well as its relationship with anxiety and depression. Therefore, we investigated the prevalence of stress due to inflation and its association with anxiety and depression over time among working-age adults in the United States.

Nationwide carrier screening for congenital adrenal hyperplasia: integrated approach of CYP21A2 pathogenic variant genotyping and comprehensive large gene deletion analysis.

Background: Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21-OHD CAH) is an autosomal recessive disorder resulting from pathogenic variants in the CYP21A2 gene. The disorder exhibits variable clinical severity, with the classical form manifesting as salt-wasting crisis in neonates, while inducing ambiguous genitalia in females and precocious puberty in males through simple virilization. Identifying at-risk couples during the preconception stage holds significance for optimizing reproductive choices.

A randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial of ketamine in Rett syndrome.

Background: Preclinical studies and anecdotal case reports support the potential therapeutic benefit of low-dose oral ketamine as a treatment of clinical symptoms in Rett syndrome (RTT); however, no controlled studies have been conducted in RTT to evaluate safety, tolerability and efficacy.

Design: This was a sequentially initiated, dose-escalating cohort, placebo-controlled, double blind, randomized sequence, cross-over study of oral ketamine in 6-12-year-old girls with RTT to evaluate short-term safety and tolerability and explore efficacy.

Methods: Participants were randomized to either five days treatment with oral ketamine or matched placebo, followed by a nine-day wash-out period and then crossed-over to the opposite treatment.

A Call for a Neoadjuvant Kidney Cancer Consortium: Lessons Learned from Other Cancer Types.

Neoadjuvant systemic treatment strategies have improved outcomes in several solid tumour types. This success has not yet been replicated in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). A consensus and international collaboration are urgently needed for the development of adaptive perioperative immunotherapy strategies for patients with RCC at high risk of recurrence.

Antinuclear antibodies and progression of quantitative interstitial lung changes: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)-Lung Study.

Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) are often found in ILD; whether ANA is associated with radiographic progression of quantitive interstital lung changes is unknown. We performed longitudinal analyses of adults in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis using linear mixed effects models with random intercept and slope to evaluate whether baseline ANA was associated with change in the amount of lung with high attenuation areas on CT (HAAs, percentage of imaged lung with -600 to -250 HU). In 6,638 subjects with 17,293 CT scans over 18 years, 741 (11%) were ANA positive.

Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in white-tailed deer in Pennsylvania 2021-2024.

SARS-CoV-2 continues to transmit and evolve in humans and animals. White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) have been previously identified as a zoonotic reservoir for SARS-CoV-2 with high rates of infection and probable spillback into humans. Here we report sampling 1,127 white-tailed deer (WTD) in Pennsylvania, and a genomic analysis of viral dynamics spanning 1,017 days between April 2021 and January 2024.

An Enigmatic Wild Passerine Mortality Event in the Eastern United States.

The ability to rapidly respond to wildlife health events is essential. However, such events are often unpredictable, especially with anthropogenic disturbances and climate-related environmental changes driving unforeseen threats. Many events also are short-lived and go undocumented, making it difficult to draw on lessons learned from past investigations.

Serious Bacterial Infections and Hepatitis C Virus Among People Who Inject Drugs: A Syndemic or Intertwined Epidemics?

Limited research has examined the possible synergistic interrelationships between serious bacterial infections (SBIs) of the heart (i.e., endocarditis), bone, spine, brain, or joints (e.

Risk factors affecting polygenic score performance across diverse cohorts.

Apart from ancestry, personal or environmental covariates may contribute to differences in polygenic score (PGS) performance. We analyzed the effects of covariate stratification and interaction on body mass index (BMI) PGS (PGS) across four cohorts of European (N = 491,111) and African (N = 21,612) ancestry. Stratifying on binary covariates and quintiles for continuous covariates, 18/62 covariates had significant and replicable R differences among strata.

Oncocytoma: a rare neoplasm of the caruncle.

Oncocytoma is a rare benign neoplasm of the glandular tissue, most commonly found in the caruncle of the eye. These lesions have an excellent prognosis and have not been reported to recur after resection from the caruncle. Given the wide range of differentials and potential for malignancy, excision and histopathological examination are recommended to establish the diagnosis and guide proper treatment.

High-resolution analysis of human centromeric chromatin.

Centromeres are marked by the centromere-specific histone H3 variant CENP-A/CENH3. Throughout the cell cycle, the constitutive centromere-associated network is bound to CENP-A chromatin, but how this protein network modifies CENP-A nucleosome conformations in vivo is unknown. Here, we purify endogenous centromeric chromatin associated with the CENP-C complex across the cell cycle and analyze the structures by single-molecule imaging and biochemical assays.

Nail Unit Melanoma Treated with Mohs Micrographic Surgery: Technique, Local Recurrence Rate, and Surgical Outcomes.

Background: Nail unit melanoma (NUM) is increasingly treated with digit-sparing surgery, but few published case series describe Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) for NUM.

Objective: To describe the surgical technique, local recurrence rates, and reconstruction method for a large series of NUM treated with MMS using MART-1 immunostaining.

Methods: Biopsy-proven NUM treated with MMS-MART-1 were identified from a prospectively maintained database (2008-2023).

Risk of carcinomas among children and adolescents with birth defects.

Background: Birth defects are associated with childhood cancer, but little is known regarding pediatric carcinomas, a group of especially rare tumors.

Methods: We used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) for any carcinoma, as well as thyroid, hepatocellular, and renal carcinoma specifically, up to 18 years of age among children with major, non-syndromic anomalies or chromosomal/genetic syndromes, relative to unaffected children.

Results: Our registry-linkage study included nine states and 21,933,476 children between 1990 and 2018: 641,827 with non-syndromic anomalies, and 49,619 with syndromes.

Does exercise demonstrate a dose-dependent benefit with cognition in Parkinson's disease?

Background: Exercise confers motor benefits in Parkinson's disease (PD) and may even have disease modifying effects. While the impact of exercise on motor symptoms and quality of life is well-studied in PD, its relationship with cognitive performance warrants further attention.

Methods: In people with PD, self-reported exercise information was quantified using the Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity (RAPA).

Impact of Subsequent Fellowship on Urology Chief Resident Case Log Volumes.

Objective: To characterize the impact of subsequent fellowship on the case log experience of trainees throughout their residency and specifically their chief resident year.

Materials And Methods: Urology resident case logs from 2010 to 2022 were obtained from 13 institutions for total residency and chief years. Five categorized index procedures were included for analysis: General Urology; Endourology; Reconstructive Urology; Urologic Oncology; and Pediatric Urology.

Suggested Dosing of Select Beta-lactam Agents for the Treatment of Antimicrobial-Resistant Gram-Negative Infections in Children.

Background: The Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) publishes annual guidance on the treatment of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) gram-negative infections. Within the AMR guidance, suggested dosages of antibiotics for adults infected with AMR pathogens are provided. This document serves as a companion document to the IDSA guidance to assist pediatric specialists with dosing β-lactam agents for the treatment of AMR infections in children.

Pharmacogenetics: Opportunities for the Research Program and Other Large Data Sets to Advance the Field.

Pharmacogenetic variation is common and an established driver of response for many drugs. There has been tremendous progress in pharmacogenetics knowledge over the last 30 years and in clinical implementation of that knowledge over the last 15 years. But there have also been many examples where translation has stalled because of the lack of available data sets for discovery or validation research.