Photooxidation Cross-Linked, Glutaraldehyde Cross-Linked, or Enzyme and Hydrostatic Pressure Processed Decellularized Biomaterials for Cardiovascular Repair Do Not Affect Host Response in a Rat Right Ventricular Outflow Flow Tract Reconstruction (RVOT) Model.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) were responsible for approximately 19 million deaths in 2020, marking an increase of 18.7% since 2010. Biological decellularized patches are common therapeutic solutions for CVD such as cardiac and valve defects.

Automation of Ultrasonographic Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter Measurement: A Scoping Review.

Intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring is a cornerstone of neurocritical care in managing severe brain injury. However, current invasive ICP monitoring methods carry significant risks, including infection and intracranial hemorrhage, and are contraindicated in certain clinical situations. Additionally, these methods are not universally available.

Mcl-1 is a Gatekeeper Molecule to Regulate the Crosstalk Between Ferroptotic Agent-Induced ER Stress and TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis.

We previously reported that ferroptosis interplays with apoptosis through the integration of two independent pathways: the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signaling pathway and the mitochondria-dependent apoptotic signaling pathway. In this study, we investigated a potential gatekeeper molecule, Mcl-1, between the two signal transduction pathways. Morphology studies and cell death analyses confirmed that a combination treatment of ferroptotic agent erastin (ERA) and apoptotic agent TRAIL (tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) synergistically enhances TRAIL-induced apoptosis in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma BxPC3 and human colorectal carcinoma HCT116 cells.

Evaluating Meta-Learners to Analyze Treatment Heterogeneity in Survival Data: Application to Electronic Health Records of Pediatric Asthma Care in COVID-19 Pandemic.

An important aspect of precision medicine focuses on characterizing diverse responses to treatment due to unique patient characteristics, also known as heterogeneous treatment effects (HTE) or individualized treatment effects (ITE), and identifying beneficial subgroups with enhanced treatment effects. Estimating HTE with right-censored data in observational studies remains challenging. In this paper, we propose a pseudo-ITE-based framework for analyzing HTE in survival data, which includes a group of meta-learners for estimating HTE, a variable importance metric for identifying predictive variables to HTE, and a data-adaptive procedure to select subgroups with enhanced treatment effects.

Alcohol-induced liver injury is mediated via α4-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors expressed in hepatocytes.

Background: Our previous study demonstrated that alcohol induced the expression of the α4 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the livers of wild type mice (WT), and that whole-body α4 nAChR knockout mice (α4KO) showed protection against alcohol-induced steatosis, inflammation, and injury. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that hepatocyte-specific α4 nAChRs may directly contribute to the detrimental effects of alcohol on the liver.

Methods: Hepatocyte-specific α4 knockout mice (α4HepKO) were generated, and the absence of α4 nAChR was confirmed through PCR of genomic DNA.

A review of ectochondral bone and the role of membranes in shaping endochondral bones of the skull.

Bones of the skull are traditionally categorized as derived from either endochondral or intramembranous bone. In our previous work, we have observed the interaction of different tissue types in growth of the skull. We find the dichotomy of intramembranous and endochondral bone to be too restrictive, limiting our interpretation of sources of biological variation.

Relational encoding promotes creative insight for problem-solving.

The nature and basis of creative thought has been the subject of wide-ranging inquiry. It is well established that people tend to struggle to solve problems that require an insight-and that this limitation is not readily alleviated. What can help produce more successful creative cognition? We propose a benefit from increased focus on the relations that hold between the elements of a problem situation.

Complex lymphatic anomalies.

Complex lymphatic anomalies are unique diseases marked by abnormal lymphatic vessel development and growth. Imaging is crucial in the evaluation and management of complex lymphatic anomalies, with dynamic contrast-enhanced MR lymphangiography emerging as a valuable modality for visualizing abnormal lymphatic structures and informing treatment decisions. This article gives an overview of complex lymphatic anomalies and their management strategies, focusing specifically on generalized lymphatic anomaly, Gorham-Stout disease, Kaposiform lymphangiomatosis, and central conducting lymphatic anomalies.

Surgeon attitudes toward risk stratification in emergency surgery for the elderly: an ESTES cross-sectional survey.

Purpose: Our study explores the utilization of objective tools for preoperative assessment of elderly patients by Emergency General Surgeons (EGS).

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted via the European Society for Trauma and Emergency Surgery (ESTES) Research Committee. EGS were invited through the ESTES members' mailing list and social media platforms.

Neural cue reactivity and intrinsic functional connectivity in individuals with alcohol use disorder following treatment with topiramate or naltrexone.

Rationale: Both topiramate and naltrexone have been shown to affect neural alcohol cue reactivity in alcohol use disorder (AUD). However, their comparative effects on alcohol cue reactivity are unknown. Moreover, while naltrexone has been found to normalize hyperactive localized network connectivity implicated in AUD, no studies have examined the effect of topiramate on intrinsic functional connectivity or compared functional connectivity between these two widely used medications.

Spinal cord cross sign: a potential marker for hereditary spastic paraplegia type 5.

Purpose: Spastic paraplegia type 5 (SPG5) is a rare neurodegenerative disease diagnosed primarily through genetic testing.We identified a specific spinal cord sign on conventional MR imaging to help narrow the scope of genetic screening.

Methods: In 25 patients with SPG5 and 21 healthy controls (HCs), the spinal cord cross sign was evaluated on T2*-weighted imaging.

Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Versus Standard Bacterial Culture in Critically Ill Children With Suspected Pneumonia.

Background: Bacterial lower respiratory tract infection, particularly ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in children who require mechanical ventilation (MV). Microbiologic diagnosis has relied on bacterial culture, but reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with bacterial targets is now available for clinical use. We compared the diagnostic performance of tracheal aspirate (TA) multiplex RT-PCR to culture in children requiring MV with suspected lower respiratory tract infection.

Nursing Student and Faculty Attitudes, Perceptions, and Behavioral Intentions of Artificial Intelligence Use in Nursing Education: An Integrative Review.

Aim: This integrative review critiques and synthesizes current research on nursing faculty and students' attitudes, perceptions, and behavioral intentions toward artificial intelligence (AI)-based tools in nursing education.

Background: AI's rapid integration into health care offers transformative potential in nursing across clinical care, education, policy, and research.

Method: Following Whittemore and Knafl's methodology, Pubmed, CINAHL, and ERIC were searched for studies written in English assessing attitudes, perceptions, and behavioral intentions of nursing students and faculty regarding AI use in nursing education.

Interplay between the cyclophilin homology domain of RANBP2 and MX2 regulates HIV-1 capsid dependencies on nucleoporins.

Unlabelled: Interlinked interactions between the viral capsid (CA), nucleoporins (Nups), and the antiviral protein myxovirus resistance 2 (MX2/MXB) influence human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) nuclear entry and the outcome of infection. Although RANBP2/NUP358 has been repeatedly identified as a critical player in HIV-1 nuclear import and MX2 activity, the mechanism by which RANBP2 facilitates HIV-1 infection is not well understood. To explore the interactions between MX2, the viral CA, and RANBP2, we utilized CRISPR-Cas9 to generate cell lines expressing RANBP2 from its endogenous locus but lacking the C-terminal cyclophilin (Cyp) homology domain and found that both HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections were reduced significantly in RANBP2 cells.

A case report of long-latency evoked diaphragm potentials after exposure to acute intermittent hypoxia in post-West Nile virus meningoencephalitis.

We present a case report of a 42-year-old female with post-West Nile virus meningoencephalitis who exhibited unique, long-latency diaphragm potentials evoked by transcranial and cervical magnetic stimulation after exposure to acute intermittent hypoxia (AIH). The subject was recruited for a study investigating AIH effects on respiratory motor function in healthy individuals. She had contracted West Nile virus infection 5 years before assessment that resulted in hospitalization and persistent allodynia but was not reported to the research team.

An Enigmatic Wild Passerine Mortality Event in the Eastern United States.

The ability to rapidly respond to wildlife health events is essential. However, such events are often unpredictable, especially with anthropogenic disturbances and climate-related environmental changes driving unforeseen threats. Many events also are short-lived and go undocumented, making it difficult to draw on lessons learned from past investigations.

Arginylation of ⍺-tubulin at E77 regulates microtubule dynamics via MAP1S.

Arginylation is the posttranslational addition of arginine to a protein by arginyltransferase-1 (ATE1). Previous studies have found that ATE1 targets multiple cytoskeletal proteins, and Ate1 deletion causes cytoskeletal defects, including reduced cell motility and adhesion. Some of these defects have been linked to actin arginylation, but the role of other arginylated cytoskeletal proteins has not been studied.

Serious Bacterial Infections and Hepatitis C Virus Among People Who Inject Drugs: A Syndemic or Intertwined Epidemics?

Limited research has examined the possible synergistic interrelationships between serious bacterial infections (SBIs) of the heart (i.e., endocarditis), bone, spine, brain, or joints (e.

Effects of Iron Impurities and Content on Electrochemical Performance and Oxygen Evolution Selectivity of Nickel Catalysts for Ethanol Oxidation.

Although performance enhancements due to trace Fe incorporation into Ni catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) have been well documented, the effects of trace versus bulk Fe incorporation into Ni catalysts for the ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR)─a promising anodic alternative to OER─are unclear. Herein, we perform extensive cyclic voltammetry experiments on Ni-based thin films to show that trace Fe incorporation from electrolyte impurities has a minimal impact on EOR performance, while codeposited Fe significantly suppresses catalytic current (by half at 1.5 V).

Enhancing Virus Filter Performance Through Pretreatment by Membrane Adsorbers.

Virus filtration is used to ensure the high level of virus clearance required in the manufacture of biopharmaceutical products such as monoclonal antibodies. Flux decline during virus filtration can occur due to the formation of reversible aggregates consisting of self-assembled monomeric monoclonal antibody molecules, particularly at high antibody concentrations. While size exclusion chromatography is generally unable to detect these reversible aggregates, dynamic light scattering may be used to determine their presence.

Characterization and Machine Learning-Driven Property Prediction of a Novel Hybrid Hydrogel Bioink Considering Extrusion-Based 3D Bioprinting.

The field of tissue engineering has made significant advancements with extrusion-based bioprinting, which uses shear forces to create intricate tissue structures. However, the success of this method heavily relies on the rheological properties of bioinks. Most bioinks use shear-thinning.

Advancing Orthodontic Aesthetics: Exploring the Potential of Injectable Composite Resin Techniques for Enhanced Smile Transformations.

The injection moulding technique (IMT) is a minimally invasive restorative treatment. This technique enables the application of thin, flowable composite layers into a stable, transparent silicone index that serves as a mould. Due to the fluid properties of the composite, it efficiently fills the silicone tray and seamlessly integrates with the tooth structure, often obviating tooth preparation and preserving overall tooth integrity.

Risk factors affecting polygenic score performance across diverse cohorts.

Apart from ancestry, personal or environmental covariates may contribute to differences in polygenic score (PGS) performance. We analyzed the effects of covariate stratification and interaction on body mass index (BMI) PGS (PGS) across four cohorts of European (N = 491,111) and African (N = 21,612) ancestry. Stratifying on binary covariates and quintiles for continuous covariates, 18/62 covariates had significant and replicable R differences among strata.

Prevalence of High-Risk CTA-Based Carotid Plaque-RADS Subtypes in Patients With Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source.

Background: A modified computed tomography angiography (CTA)-based Carotid Plaque Reporting and Data System (Plaque-RADS) classification was applied to a cohort of patients with embolic stroke of undetermined source to test whether high-risk Plaque-RADS subtypes are more prevalent on the ipsilateral side of stroke. With the widespread use of CTA for stroke evaluation, a CTA-based Plaque-RADS would be valuable for generalizability.

Methods: A retrospective observational cross-sectional study was conducted at a single integrated health system comprised of 3 hospitals with a comprehensive stroke center between October 1, 2015, and April 1, 2017.