Examining Heart Failure Informal Care Partners Using Person and System Levels and Domains: A Meta-Synthesis.

Background: Within the last decade, system and policy-level changes have driven substantial shifts in heart failure (HF) care from hospital to home, requiring greater support from informal care partners. What has not been examined is the state of the care partner science by person and system-level domains using qualitative studies to understand impact across multiple person and system levels.

Objectives: (1) Identify by person and system levels and domain what is known about informal care partners and (2) Identify gaps in the caregiving science and suggest ways to move forward.

A multi-omics study of the association between insomnia with objective short sleep duration phenotype and high blood pressure.

Study Objectives: Insomnia with objective short sleep duration is associated with increased hypertension risk. We aimed to explore the mechanism underlying the association between objective short sleep duration and hypertension in patients with chronic insomnia disorder (CID) by multi-omics.

Methods: CID was defined according to International Classification of Sleep Disorders-3, and objective short sleep was based on the median value of total sleep time of the overall subjects during an overnight polysomnography.

Evolving racial/ethnic disparities in AML survival in the novel therapy era.

Little is known about the impact of recent advances in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treatment on racial/ethnic disparities in survival outcomes. We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients with newly diagnosed AML using data from a nationwide electronic health record-derived deidentified database. Patients were categorized based on their diagnosis date relative to venetoclax approval, as pre-novel therapy era (Pre era; 2014-2018; n = 2998) or post-novel therapy era (Post era; 2019-2022; n = 2098).

Use of Machine Learning to Assess the Management of Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection.

Importance: Uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common indication for outpatient antimicrobial therapy. National guidelines for the management of uncomplicated UTI were published in 2011, but the extent to which they align with current practices, patient diversity, and pathogen biology, all of which have evolved greatly in the time since their publication, is not fully known.

Objective: To reevaluate the effectiveness and adverse event profile for first-line antibiotics, fluoroquinolones, and oral β-lactams for treating uncomplicated UTI in contemporary clinical practice.

Discontinuation and Reinitiation of Dual-Labeled GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Among US Adults With Overweight or Obesity.

Importance: Adherence to glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) is important for their effectiveness. Discontinuation and reinitiation patterns are not well understood.

Objective: To describe rates of and factors associated with discontinuation and subsequent reinitiation of GLP-1 RAs among adults with overweight or obesity.

Adverse Prehospital Events and Outcomes After Traumatic Brain Injury.

Importance: While national guidelines recommend avoidance of hypoxia, hypotension, and hypocarbia in the prehospital care of traumatic brain injury (TBI), limited data validate the association of these adverse physiologic events with TBI outcomes.

Objective: To validate the associations of prehospital hypoxia, hypotension, and hypocarbia with TBI outcomes in a US national trauma network.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cohort study examined data from 8 level I trauma centers and their affiliated ground and air emergency medical services (EMS) agencies in the Linking Investigations in Trauma and Emergency Services (LITES) Network from January 1, 2017, to June 30, 2021.

Mechanical Characterization of Amniotic-Based Scaffolds Containing Silk Fibroin and Sodium Alginate Nanofibers.

Due to its availability and biocompatibility, the human amniotic membrane (hAM) is being investigated by a large number of researchers with the goal of gaining a better understanding of the materials' mechanical behavior and structural integrity and optimizing them for various Tissue Engineering applications. In this research, biopolymers sodium alginate (SA) and silk fibroin (SF) were electrospun onto a decellularized hAM, resulting in two types of hybrid scaffolds: hAM/SF and hAM/SF/SA. The mechanical characteristics of these nanofibers were then analyzed to guide scaffold optimization for applications using these materials.

Workforce Diversity in Sports Medicine: Analysis of Recent Trends Relative to the US Population.

This was a cross-sectional study of sports medicine fellows from previous (2010-2015) and contemporary (2016-2021) training periods. There were 2315 trainees from family medicine (FM, 85%), 261 trainees from physical medicine and rehabilitation (PMR, 10%), and 133 trainees from emergency medicine (EM, 5%). PMR had the highest female and Asian trainee representation while FM had the highest Black trainee representation.

Elucidating the Molecular Landscape of Cystic Kidney Disease: Old Friends, New Friends and Some Surprises.

Cystic kidney diseases (CyKD) are a diverse group of disorders affecting more than 1 in 1000 individuals. Over 120 genes are implicated, primarily encoding components of the primary cilium, transcription factors, and morphogens. Prognosis varies greatly by molecular diagnosis.

Synergy of Pyridinic-N and Co Single Atom Sites for Enhanced Oxygen Redox Reactions in High-Performance Zinc-Air Batteries.

Cobalt single-atom catalysts (SACs) have the potential to act as bi-functional electrocatalysts for the oxygen-redox reactions in metal-air batteries. However, achieving both high performance and stability in these SACs has been challenging. Here, a novel and facile synthesis method is used to create cobalt-doped-nitrogen-carbon structures (Co-N-C) containing cobalt-SACs by carbonizing a modified ZIF-11.

Cicatricial Alopecia in the Pediatric Population: A Case Series and Review of the Literature.

This case series and literature review highlights the prevalence of scarring hair loss in children. A retrospective review of 29 pediatric cases from centers in the USA and Chile showed that primary cicatricial alopecia was more common, with lichen planopilaris and central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia being the most frequent diagnoses. Early detection in children is essential to reduce progressive scarring.

Ustekinumab is safe and effective in pediatric patients with Crohn's disease.

Objectives: Real-world data on ustekinumab for the treatment of pediatric Crohn's disease (CD) are limited. This study sought to evaluate the effectiveness, long-term durability, and safety of ustekinumab in the treatment of children with CD.

Methods: A retrospective longitudinal cohort study of children with CD treated with ustekinumab from two large centers between 2015 and 2020 was performed.

Nurse Practitioner Care Environments and Provider Shortages Among Patients With Multiple Chronic Conditions.

In health professional shortage areas (HPSAs), primary care providers face challenges due to high workloads and limited resources, impacting their ability to provide comprehensive care to patients with multiple chronic conditions (MCCs). In addition, patients in HPSA compared to non-HPSA settings experience poorer outcomes. Nurse practitioners (NPs) play a crucial role in meeting MCC patients' needs, but some work in unfavorable care environments (e.

The Effect of Sex Hormones on Joint Ligament Properties: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Sex differences exist in injury rates, and one contributing factor may be sex hormone effects on the musculoskeletal system.

Purpose/hypothesis: The goal of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to understand the effects of sex hormones on ligaments in females as determined by preclinical and clinical studies. The hypothesis was that sex hormones would affect ligament mechanical properties, histological features, cellular function, and clinically measurable outcomes.

The impact of a personal cancer diagnosis on adolescent and young adult cancer survivors' social connectedness: A qualitative analysis.

Adolescent/young adult cancer survivors (AYACS) are diagnosed with cancer between 15 and 39 years of age. Improving AYACS' survivorship quality is crucial-including improving social connectedness, a construct describing the quality, structure and function of social relationships. With better understanding of AYACS' social connectedness, network-based interventions can be developed to foster social health.

Assessment of Potential Drug-Drug Interactions for Novel Oral Melanocortin-1 Receptor Agonist Dersimelagon.

Dersimelagon is a novel investigational orally administered selective agonist of the melanocortin-1 receptor. The drug-drug interaction (DDI) potential of dersimelagon was investigated in both nonclinical (in vitro) and clinical studies. The in vitro inhibition of CYP/UGT isoforms and efflux/uptake transporters by dersimelagon was assessed.

Quantitative Benefit-Risk Assessment of Vaccination Against COVID-19: A Systematic Review.

Purpose: With the introduction of COVID-19 vaccines, there has been a proliferation of quantitative benefit-risk assessments (qBRAs). Prior work on other types of vaccines has found that published qBRAs have not always clearly reported methods and/or results needed to assist in the application of the qBRA findings. The aim was to systematically identify, review, and critically assess published COVID-19 vaccine qBRA.

The Multilevel Limb-loss and Preservation Rehabilitation Continuum model (MLPRC): An evidence-based implementation model integrating multiple perspectives to improve outcomes for people facing limb loss.

Background: The patient journey from threatened to actual limb loss, subsequent rehabilitation, and limb preservation through the health system is complicated and prone to delays, attrition, and inequities. A shared multi(socioecological)-level conceptualization of this journey among the multiple stakeholders is the first step for systematically improving limb care through identification of bottlenecks and gaps, contributory factors, and responsive interventions and implementation strategies.

Objective: To meet this knowledge gap by presenting a novel implementation model, the Multilevel Limb-loss and Preservation Rehabilitation Continuum (MLPRC), that can be used to develop multilevel applications.

Cutaneous Manifestations of NAXD or NAXE Deficiency: A Literature Review for the Dermatologist.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrate dehydratase (NAXD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrate epimerase (NAXE) deficiencies are rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorders characterized by severe neurological manifestations during infancy. In affected individuals, febrile illnesses can trigger progressive encephalopathy often accompanied by distinctive skin eruptions, resulting in high mortality rates. This study reviews the literature on NAXD/NAXE deficiencies, focusing on dermatological manifestations and their correlation with genotypic variations and treatment responses.

Association of a State-Wide Alternative Payment Model for Rural Hospitals With Bypass for Elective Surgeries.

Objective: This study aimed to measure the changes in rural hospital bypass for 11 common elective surgeries following the implementation of the Pennsylvania Rural Health Model (PARHM), a global budget payment model.

Study Setting And Design: We leveraged a natural experiment arising from the phase-in of PHARM in Pennsylvania. We conducted a comparative interrupted time series analysis to assess changes in rural hospital bypass, comparing trends in rural hospital bypass among patients in hospital service areas (HSAs) with PARHM-participating hospitals to patients in control HSAs with hospitals eligible for but not participating in PARHM.

A Guide for Implementing DPYD Genotyping for Systemic Fluoropyrimidines into Clinical Practice.

The safety of systemic fluoropyrimidines (e.g., 5-fluorouracil, capecitabine) is impacted by germline genetic variants in DPYD, which encodes the dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) enzyme that functions as the rate-limiting step in the catabolism of this drug class.