Visual Acuity, Full-field Stimulus Thresholds, and Electroretinography for 4 Years in The Rate of Progression of USH2A-related Retinal Degeneration (RUSH2A) Study.

Purpose: To describe progression of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), full-field stimulus thresholds (FST), and electroretinography (ERG) over 4 years in the -related Retinal Degeneration study and to assess their suitability as clinical trial endpoints.

Design: Prospective natural history study.

Participants: Participants (n = 105) with biallelic disease-causing sequence variants in USH2A and BCVA letter scores of ≥54 were included.

Is Femoral Head to Acetabular Cup Ratio Associated With Dislocation After Total Hip Arthroplasty?

Background: Dislocation remains a common complication following total hip arthroplasty (THA). Previous literature has shown that the femoral head-to-neck ratio is essential in hip motion, function, and stability. While large femoral heads and dual mobility bearings have been developed to improve stability, it remains unknown if the ratio between femoral head size to acetabular cup size also plays a role in stability.

Trochleoplasty in Pediatric Patients - A Systematic Review.

Background: Trochleoplasty is a surgical consideration for the treatment of high-grade trochlear dysplasia. The safety profile of this procedure remains particularly unclear in the skeletally immature population where concerns exist regarding physeal arrest and the development of premature patellofemoral arthritis. The purpose of this study was to systematically review the literature to evaluate trochleoplasty use, outcomes and complications observed among pediatric patients.

The Fragility of Statistical Findings in Meniscus Repair Literature: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Background: Within the realm of orthopedic literature, the determination of statistical significance for outcomes relies on probability analysis and the reporting of P-values. The aim of this study was to employ fragility analysis as a means of evaluating the resilience of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that assess meniscus surgeries. It was hypothesized that dichotomous outcomes would be statistically fragile and comparable to other orthopedic specialties.

Trends in Research Productivity Among Residents Applying For United States Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Fellowships.

Background: Little empirical research has been done on factors evaluated in the fellowship matching process, this study intends to evaluate the impact of research productivity.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to identify research trends and characterize the academic profiles of recent Foot and Ankle (F&A) fellows in the United States when they applied for fellowship.

Methods: The American Orthopedic F&A Society website was used to identify accepted fellows between the years 2017-2023.

Canal Fill Ratio in Hemiarthroplasty Compared to Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Case Control Study.

Background: Cementless stems are commonly used in hemiarthroplasty (HA) for femoral neck fractures. Recent studies have reported increased risk of periprosthetic fracture with cementless stems compared to cemented HA. In elective total hip arthroplasty (THA), lower proximal canal fill ratios (CFR) of cementless stems have been associated with worse outcomes.

Cancer in Orthopaedic Surgeons: Results of an American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) Survey.

Background: There is a currently limited data regarding cancer risk in Orthopaedic Surgeons. This study summarizes a survey on cancer prevalence in orthopaedic surgeons.

Methods: A cancer prevalence survey was emailed to all 23,370 members of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS).

The Albright-Losee Low Profile Pivot Shift Test for ACL Deficiency.

Background: Recognizing ACL injuries on the field and in the office can be very challenging in awake and apprehensive patients. Despite high specificity, many published "pivot-shift" techniques have limited acceptance mainly because of unsatisfactory sensitivity. We describe in detail, four specific modifications and provide a critical review of our clinical experiences to empower the new user's readiness to master a novel screening procedure for ACL disruption.

Trochleoplasty Utilization in the Management of Patellofemoral Instability: Results From an International Survey of Surgeons.

Background: Considerable variability exists in the described clinical and radiographic indications for use, surgical techniques, postoperative management, and risk profile after trochleoplasty for the management of patellofemoral instability (PFI). In areas of clinical uncertainty, a cohesive summary of expert opinion and identification of areas of variation in current practice can be useful in guiding current practice and future research efforts.

Purpose: To assess the current indications for use, surgical techniques, postoperative rehabilitation practices, and observed complication profile for trochleoplasty in the management of PFI among surgeons who perform this procedure.

Discovery of Rezatapopt (PC14586), a First-in-Class, Small-Molecule Reactivator of p53 Y220C Mutant in Development.

p53 is a potent transcription factor that is crucial in regulating cellular responses to stress. Mutations in the gene are found in >50% of human cancers, predominantly occurring in the DNA-binding domain (amino acids 94-292). The Y220C mutation accounts for 1.

Niemann-pick disease with visceral and pulmonary involvement in a resource limited setting: A rare case report.

Niemann-Pick disease (NPD) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by deficient lysosomal enzyme or faulty cholesterol transport. A 9-year-old male patient presented with 6 years of abdominal swelling, previously treated as tuberculosis. He exhibited hepatosplenomegaly, delayed growth, and pancytopenia.

Acquired factor V inhibitor in a case of pediatric venous thrombosis.

Background: The development of acquired factor (F)V with inhibitor (AFVwI) is rare, resulting mainly in bleeding complications, although sporadic cases of thrombosis in adults have been reported.

Key Clinical Question: How do you diagnose and manage a pediatric case of acute deep venous thrombosis associated with the concurrent finding of AFVwI?

Clinical Approach: A 13-year-old female with Crohn's Disease and May-Thurner anatomy developed extensive deep venous thrombosis of the left lower extremity, complicated by the finding of AFVwI, discovered during the evaluation of a prolonged prothrombin time and a low FV activity. Anticoagulation was initiated with low-molecular-weight heparin followed by a direct oral anticoagulant, rivaroxaban, without any complications.

Early Versus Late Initiation of Dialysis in CKD Stage 5: Time for a Consensus.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD), a major global public health problem, emerged as one of the leading causes of death, affecting over 800 million individuals worldwide, with significant burden to patients and their caregivers, and may lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). The decision on optimal initiation of chronic dialysis is a common problem faced by nephrologists, patients, and caregivers due to lack of adequate data. Determining the ideal time to initiate maintenance dialysis for individuals struggling with ESKD has remained a puzzle.

Early Postpartum Metabolic Heterogeneity Among Women Who Progressed to Type 2 Diabetes After Gestational Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort.

Aims: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) poses a significant risk for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and exhibits heterogeneity. However, understanding the link between different types of post-GDM individuals without diabetes and their progression to T2D is crucial to advance personalised medicine approaches.

Materials And Methods: We employed a discovery-based unsupervised machine learning clustering method to generate clustering models for analysing metabolomics, clinical, and biochemical datasets.

Friedreich ataxia: what can we learn from non-GAA repeat mutations?

Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is a slowly progressive neurological disease resulting from decreased levels of the protein frataxin, a small mitochondrial protein that facilitates the synthesis of iron-sulfur clusters in the mitochondrion. It is caused by GAA (guanine-adenine-adenine) repeat expansions in the gene in 96% of patients, with 4% of patients carrying other mutations (missense, nonsense, deletion) in the gene. Compound heterozygote patients with one expanded GAA allele and a non-GAA repeat mutation can have subtle differences in phenotype from typical FRDA, including, in patients with selected missense mutations, both more severe features and less severe features in the same patient.

Recommendations for Specialty Palliative APRN Graduate Education.

Background: Advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) are essential to care for the growing number of individuals with advanced illness given the shortage of palliative care clinicians.

Problem: Graduate education for specialty practice palliative APRNs lacks consistency in structure, content, and standardization of specialty palliative APRN education.

Approach: A workgroup of expert palliative APRNs and graduate faculty conducted focused discussions and a literature review to develop consensus recommendations based on national palliative APRN competencies and aligned with the 8 core concepts of the AACN Essentials.

Integrating Infant Safe Sleep and Breastfeeding Education Into an App in a Novel Approach to Reaching High-Risk Populations: Prospective Observational Study.

Background: Sudden unexpected infant death (SUID) is a leading cause of death for US infants, and nonrecommended sleep practices are reported in most of these deaths. SUID rates have not declined over the past 20 years despite significant educational efforts. Integration of prenatal safe sleep and breastfeeding education into a pregnancy app may be one approach to engaging pregnant individuals in education about infant care practices prior to childbirth.

Cord blood for autologous transfusion in infants with congenital anomalies: Volumes, sterility, and stability during storage.

Background: Neonates with congenital anomalies frequently require perioperative allogeneic red blood cell (RBC) transfusion. Whole cord blood for autologous transfusion to neonates may provide an alternative RBC source, but whether sufficient volumes can be collected after delayed cord clamping to reduce allogeneic RBC requirements is unknown.

Study Design And Methods: Inclusion criteria were mothers delivering a viable infant >34 weeks' gestation.

The Missing Link in Antiamyloid Therapy.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) impacts millions of elderly adults worldwide causing cognitive decline and severe deterioration of activities of daily life. The popular causal hypotheses for several decades include beta-amyloid (Aβ) deposition and tau hyperphosphorylation. AD research and more than 34% of clinical trials in AD are based on these two hypotheses.

Head-mounted camera as a debriefing tool for surgical simulation-based training: a randomized controlled study in Senegal.

Introduction: Video feedback, particularly with a head-mounted camera, has previously been described as a useful debriefing tool in well-funded health systems but has never been performed in a low-resource environment. The purpose of this randomized, intervention-controlled study is to evaluate the feasibility of using video feedback with a head-mounted camera during intestinal anastomosis simulation training in a low-resource setting.

Methodology: This study recruited 14 first-year surgery residents in Senegal, who were randomized into control and camera groups.

Dynamic switching between brain networks predicts creative ability.

Creativity is hypothesized to arise from a mental state which balances spontaneous thought and cognitive control, corresponding to functional connectivity between the brain's Default Mode (DMN) and Executive Control (ECN) Networks. Here, we conduct a large-scale, multi-center examination of this hypothesis. Employing a meta-analytic network neuroscience approach, we analyze resting-state fMRI and creative task performance across 10 independent samples from Austria, Canada, China, Japan, and the United States (N = 2433)-constituting the largest and most ethnically diverse creativity neuroscience study to date.

Communicating neurological prognosis in the prenatal period: a narrative review and practice guidelines.

Clinicians may face an array of challenges in conducting fetal neurological consultations including prognostic uncertainty, a lack of training in fetal counseling, and limited opportunity to build rapport with families. In this setting, it is critical to employ high-quality, family-centered care to allow expectant parents to make informed decisions. Despite the challenges and gravity of these consultations, there remains limited data outlining best conduct and communication practices.

Dispersive nodal fermions along grain boundaries in Floquet topological crystals.

Driven quantum materials often feature emergent topology, otherwise absent in static crystals. Dynamic bulk-boundary correspondence, encoded by nondissipative gapless modes residing near the Floquet zone center and/or boundaries, is its most prominent example. Here we show that topologically robust gapless dispersive modes appear along the grain boundaries, embedded in the interior of Floquet topological crystals, when the Floquet-Bloch band inversion occurring at a finite momentum ( ) and the Burgers vector ( ) of the constituting array of dislocations satisfy (modulo ).