High-resolution analysis of human centromeric chromatin.

Centromeres are marked by the centromere-specific histone H3 variant CENP-A/CENH3. Throughout the cell cycle, the constitutive centromere-associated network is bound to CENP-A chromatin, but how this protein network modifies CENP-A nucleosome conformations in vivo is unknown. Here, we purify endogenous centromeric chromatin associated with the CENP-C complex across the cell cycle and analyze the structures by single-molecule imaging and biochemical assays.

Nail Unit Melanoma Treated with Mohs Micrographic Surgery: Technique, Local Recurrence Rate, and Surgical Outcomes.

Background: Nail unit melanoma (NUM) is increasingly treated with digit-sparing surgery, but few published case series describe Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) for NUM.

Objective: To describe the surgical technique, local recurrence rates, and reconstruction method for a large series of NUM treated with MMS using MART-1 immunostaining.

Methods: Biopsy-proven NUM treated with MMS-MART-1 were identified from a prospectively maintained database (2008-2023).

How Do Clinicians Use Quotations in Goals of Care Notes?

Background: Quoting patients in electronic medical record (EMR) notes is controversial. Quotations may be used to promote accuracy in documentation. However they also may be used to cast skepticism on patient speech.

Priming and release of cytokine IL-1β in microglial cells from the retina.

The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) for extracellular ATP is implicated in several forms of retinal degeneration, including diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and glaucoma. P2X7R stimulation can trigger release of master cytokine IL-1β from microglia in the brain and from macrophages, but evidence of release from retinal microglia is indirect. Isolated mouse and rat retinal microglia, and wholemounts from CX3CR1 mice, were examined to determine if ATP induced IL-1β release directly from retinal microglial cells and if it also primed expression of IL-1β on an mRNA and protein level.

Malperfusion in Patients with Acute Type A Aortic Dissection: A Nationwide Analysis.

Background: This study describes in detail the clinical burden of malperfusion associated with acute Type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) in a large, national cohort and the effect of treatment strategy on outcomes.

Methods: All patients undergoing repair of ATAAD between 2017 and 2020 in the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) Adult Cardiac Surgery Database were studied. Malperfusion was defined using STS definitions based on imaging or surgeon's evaluation.

Prolonged neurologic symptoms following immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome in patients with large B cell lymphoma treated with chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cell therapy.

Background: While immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) is a well-defined adverse effect associated with chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cell (CAR-T) therapy, some patients develop prolonged neurologic symptoms. Few studies have examined characteristics and outcomes of patients who develop such symptoms.

Objective: To provide an analysis of patients who developed ICANS in a single-center cohort of patients with large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL) who received commercial CAR-T and compare characteristics and outcomes between patients with vs.

Practice patterns for acquiring neuroimaging after pediatric in-hospital cardiac arrest.

Aims: To determine which patient and cardiac arrest factors were associated with obtaining neuroimaging after in-hospital cardiac arrest, and among those patients who had neuroimaging, factors associated with which neuroimaging modality was obtained.

Methods: Retrospective cohort study of patients who survived in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) and were enrolled in the ICU-RESUS trial (NCT02837497).

Results: We tabulated ultrasound (US), CT, and MRI frequency within 7 days following IHCA and identified patient and cardiac arrest factors associated with neuroimaging modalities utilized.

Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Uterus Transplantation versus Gestational Carrier for Treatment of Absolute Uterine Factor Infertility.

Importance: Patients with uterine factor infertility (UFI) have few options for family building. Uterus transplant is a feasible treatment for some patients; however, cost remains a significant concern.

Objective: To compare the cost effectiveness of treatment for patients with absolute uterine factor infertility to achieve 1-2 singleton births by gestational carrier or uterus transplant DESIGN: Decision analysis from the United States healthcare sector perspective, with time horizons to achieve one or two singleton births.

Lymphatic Embolization for Primary Genital Lymphorrhea and Chylous Reflux-Related Lower Limb Lymphedema.

Purpose: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of lymphatic embolization for primary genital lymphorrhea.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients who underwent lymphatic embolization for primary genital lymphorrhea and/or lower limb lymphedema between May 2016 and January 2022 at three specialized lymphatic centers. Following radiological evaluation of genital lymphorrhea, affected lymphatic vessels were selectively embolized to occlude abnormal lymphatic flow using a mixture of N-butyl cyanoacrylate glue and ethiodized oil.

Embracing the Future of Clinical Trials in Radiotherapy: An NRG Oncology CIRO Technology Retreat Whitepaper on Pioneering Technologies and AI-Driven Solutions.

This white paper examines the potential of pioneering technologies and artificial intelligence (AI)-driven solutions in advancing clinical trials involving radiotherapy. As the field of radiotherapy evolves, the integration of cutting-edge approaches such as radiopharmaceutical dosimetry, FLASH radiotherapy, image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT), and AI promises to improve treatment planning, patient care, and outcomes. Additionally, recent advancements in quantum science, linear energy transfer/relative biological effect (LET/RBE), and the combination of radiotherapy and immunotherapy create new avenues for innovation in clinical trials.

Comparing Midline and Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters-A Randomized Feasibility Trial.

Objectives: The most effective use of midline catheters in children is not understood. We aimed to (1) test the feasibility of a trial comparing peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) to midline catheters in hospitalized children in need of durable vascular access and (2) collect preliminary effectiveness data of the 2 devices.

Methods: Our study combined a single site, randomized controlled feasibility trial (RCT, primary study) and a prospective observational study (alternative study) comparing PICCs to midline catheters.

The ReAct project: Analysis of data from 23 different laboratories to characterise DNA recovery given two sets of activity level propositions.

The ReAct (Recovery, Activity) project is an ENFSI (European Network of Forensic Science Institutes) supported initiative comprising a large consortium of laboratories. Here, the results from more than 23 laboratories are presented. The primary purpose was to design experiments simulating typical casework circumstances; collect data and to implement Bayesian networks to assess the value (i.

Risk of carcinomas among children and adolescents with birth defects.

Background: Birth defects are associated with childhood cancer, but little is known regarding pediatric carcinomas, a group of especially rare tumors.

Methods: We used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) for any carcinoma, as well as thyroid, hepatocellular, and renal carcinoma specifically, up to 18 years of age among children with major, non-syndromic anomalies or chromosomal/genetic syndromes, relative to unaffected children.

Results: Our registry-linkage study included nine states and 21,933,476 children between 1990 and 2018: 641,827 with non-syndromic anomalies, and 49,619 with syndromes.

Does exercise demonstrate a dose-dependent benefit with cognition in Parkinson's disease?

Background: Exercise confers motor benefits in Parkinson's disease (PD) and may even have disease modifying effects. While the impact of exercise on motor symptoms and quality of life is well-studied in PD, its relationship with cognitive performance warrants further attention.

Methods: In people with PD, self-reported exercise information was quantified using the Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity (RAPA).

Impact of Subsequent Fellowship on Urology Chief Resident Case Log Volumes.

Objective: To characterize the impact of subsequent fellowship on the case log experience of trainees throughout their residency and specifically their chief resident year.

Materials And Methods: Urology resident case logs from 2010 to 2022 were obtained from 13 institutions for total residency and chief years. Five categorized index procedures were included for analysis: General Urology; Endourology; Reconstructive Urology; Urologic Oncology; and Pediatric Urology.

Ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of gallic acid in beverages based on nitrogen-doped multi-walled carbon nanotube networks embellished with cobalt 2-methylimidazole nanoparticles.

This work presents a convenient and easy-to-operate method for synthesizing the functionally integrated nanocomposite of nitrogen-doped multi walled carbon nanotube networks (N-CNTs) and cobalt 2-methylimidazole (ZIF-67) nanoparticles. The N-CNTs@ZIF-67 nanocomposite was utilized to design a novel electrochemical sensing platform for detecting gallic acid (GA). The N-CNTs@ZIF-67 modified glass carbon electrode (GCE) demonstrated high sensitivity for GA electrochemical detection (LOD: 10.

Bio-inspired interlocking metasurfaces.

Interlocking metasurfaces (ILMs) are patterned arrays of mating features that enable the joining of bodies by constraining motion and transmitting force. They offer an alternative to traditional joining solutions such as mechanical fasteners, welds, and adhesives. This study explores the development of bio-inspired ILMs using a problem-driven bioinspired design (BID) framework.

Effect of siponimod on retinal thickness, a marker of neurodegeneration, in participants with SPMS: Findings from the EXPAND OCT substudy.

Background: People with MS show abnormal thinning of the retinal layers, which is associated with clinical disability and brain atrophy, and is a potential surrogate marker of neurodegeneration and treatment effects.

Objective: To evaluate the utility of retinal thickness as a surrogate marker of neurodegeneration and treatment effect in participants with secondary progressive MS (SPMS) from the optical coherence tomography (OCT) substudy of the EXPAND Phase 3 clinical trial (siponimod versus placebo).

Methods: In the OCT substudy population (n = 159), treatment effects on change in the average thickness of the retinal layer, peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL), and combined macular ganglion cell and inner plexiform layers (GCIPL) were analyzed by high-definition spectral domain OCT at months 3, 12, and 24.

Precision Oncology: A Global Perspective on Implementation and Policy Development.

Despite the acknowledged merits of precision oncology (PO) and its increasing global implementation, its full potential for advancing care and prevention remains unrealized. The benefits are currently accessible to only limited patient segments because of multifaceted barriers. Successful implementation hinges on various factors-scientific complexities not limited to technical, clinical, regulatory, economic, administrative, and health care policy-related challenges.

Assessing therapist skills in teletherapy: the development and validation of the tele-facilitative interpersonal skills task.

Teletherapy via videoconferencing has become common practice but has unique challenges. We aimed to develop and validate the first performance-based observer-rated measure of teletherapy skills: The Teletherapy Facilitative Interpersonal Skills Performance Task (Tele-FIS). We developed a set of 12 Tele-FIS video stimulus clips as simulations of four research-informed common therapeutic challenges in teletherapy: technology, distraction, boundaries and privacy, and emotional disconnection.

Characteristics and treatment patterns in patients with multiple myeloma in Japan: A retrospective cohort analysis.

Background: Approval of proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory drugs, and anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), such as daratumumab, has reshaped treatment patterns in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) in Japan. This retrospective study evaluated patient characteristics, treatment patterns, and trends in MM patients using Medical Data Vision, the largest electronic health records database in Japan with anonymous inpatient and outpatient health information.

Methods: Patients aged ≥18 years, with ≥2 records of an MM diagnostic and disease code and ≥1 record of MM treatment between 01 April 2008 and 30 June 2023 were included.

Selectivity Effects of Hydrogen Acceptors and Catalyst Structures in Alcohol Oxidations Using (Cyclopentadienone)iron Tricarbonyl Compounds.

Oppenauer-type oxidations are catalyzed by air- and moisture-stable, sustainable, (cyclopentadienone)iron carbonyl compounds, but the substrate scope is limited due to the low reduction potential of acetone, which is the most commonly used hydrogen acceptor. We discovered that furfural, an aldehyde derived from cellulosic biomass, is an effective hydrogen acceptor with this class of catalysts. In general, reactions using furfural as the hydrogen acceptor led to higher isolated yields of ketones and aldehydes compared to those using acetone.