The 2024 American Association for Thoracic Surgery expert consensus document: Current standards in donor lung procurement and preservation.

Background: Donor lung procurement and preservation is critical for lung transplantation success. Unfortunately, the large variability in techniques impacts organ utilization rates and transplantation outcomes. Compounding this variation, recent developments in cold static preservation and new technological advances with machine perfusion have increased the complexity of the procedure.

The Role of Hospital Performance on Race and Ethnicity Outcome Disparities for US Non-Traumatic Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrests.

Background: Factors contributing to worse outcomes for out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA) from minoritized communities are poorly understood. We sought to evaluate the impact of receiving hospital performance on OHCA outcome disparities.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of non-traumatic OHCAs from the National Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival from 2013-2022 that survived hospital admission.

International Expert-Based Consensus Definition, Classification Criteria, and Minimum Data Elements for Osteoradionecrosis of the Jaw: An Inter-Disciplinary Modified Delphi Study.

Purpose: Osteoradionecrosis of the jaw (ORNJ) is a severe iatrogenic disease characterized by bone death after radiation therapy (RT) to the head and neck. With over 9 published definitions and at least 16 classification systems, the true incidence and severity of ORNJ are obscured by lack of a standard for disease definition and severity assessment, leading to inaccurate estimation of incidence, reporting ambiguity, and likely under-diagnosis worldwide. This study aimed to achieve consensus on an explicit definition and phenotype of ORNJ and related precursor states through data standardization to facilitate effective diagnosis, monitoring, and multidisciplinary management of ORNJ.

A Method that Maintains Accuracy in the Prediction of Vitamin A Total Body Stores when Population-Based Modeling of a Limited Number of Theoretical Subjects Is Used with Retinol Isotope Dilution.

Background: Retinol isotope dilution (RID) equations are used to predict vitamin A total body stores (TBS). Including population-based ("super-subject") modeling with RID provides group-specific values for the equation coefficients.

Objectives: Objective was to test an approach that would accommodate a limited super-subject sample size without compromising accuracy in RID predictions of TBS.

Prevalence and Risk factors for the Development of Chronic Postoperative Pain after Cataract Surgery in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS).

Chronic ocular pain impacts quality of life and is often linked to ocular surgery. We assessed the prevalence of chronic postoperative pain (CPOP) after cataract surgery and associated risk factors using a secondary cohort post-hoc analysis of data from the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS), a multicenter, controlled, randomized clinical trial of antioxidant vitamins and minerals. Ocular pain was determined from item 4 of the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ-25), administered between 1997 and 2005.

Proceedings of the 2024 Santa Fe Bone Symposium: Update on the Management of Osteoporosis and Rare Bone Diseases.

The 24 Annual Santa Fe Bone Symposium (SFBS) was held in Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA, on August 2-3, 2024. This was a "hybrid" meeting, with in-person and real-time remote participants representing a broad range of geographical locations and medical disciplines. The focus was on new developments in the care of patients with osteoporosis, other metabolic bone diseases, and inherited skeletal disorders.

P300/RNA polymerase II mediates induction of the teleost viral RNA sensor MDA5 through the interferon regulatory factor IRF11.

Melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) initiates type I interferon (IFN) production by detecting cytosolic viral RNA. Mammalian MDA5 is an IFN-inducible gene and controlled by IFN regulatory factor 1 (IRF1). Teleost MDA5 also induces type I IFN production in response to viruses, yet its regulation remains largely unexplored.

Structural insights into the role of the proline rich region in tau function.

Tau plays an important role in modulating axonal microtubules in neurons, while intracellular tau aggregates are found in many neurodegenerative disorders. Tubulin binding sites are found in tau's proline-rich region (PRR), microtubule binding repeats (MTBRs), and pseudo-repeat (R'). Tau phosphorylation sites, which cluster with high frequency within the PRR, regulate tubulin interactions and correlates with disease.

Heparinized venous blood gas syringes are associated with a significant decrease in measured packed cell volume in dogs due to hemodilution.

Objective: To assess the effect of hemodilution on PCV when commercial preheparinized venous blood gas (PH-VBG) syringes are used compared to directly filled Hct tubes, and to evaluate the impact of delayed centrifugation on PCV.

Methods: A prospective study of 102 dogs presenting to a private emergency department between November 1, 2023, and February 29, 2024, with 306 corresponding blood samples. Samples were collected by direct venipuncture.

What Influences Postpartum Depressive Symptoms? The role of Social Determinants of Health, Race-Based Discrimination and Stressful Life Experiences.

Objective: Development of postpartum depressive symptoms (PDS) is influenced by many social determinants of health, including income, discrimination, and other stressful life experiences. Early recognition of PDS is essential to reduce its long-term impact on mothers and their children, but postpartum checkups are highly underutilized. This study examined how stressful life experiences and race-based discrimination influence PDS development and whether or not a women has a postpartum checkup.

Comparison of the amyloid plaque proteome in Down syndrome, early-onset Alzheimer's disease, and late-onset Alzheimer's disease.

Down syndrome (DS) is strongly associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) due to APP overexpression, exhibiting Amyloid-β (Aβ) and Tau pathology similar to early-onset (EOAD) and late-onset AD (LOAD). We evaluated the Aβ plaque proteome of DS, EOAD, and LOAD using unbiased localized proteomics on post-mortem paraffin-embedded tissues from four cohorts (n = 20/group): DS (59.8 ± 4.

Unveiling of Hydrogen Spillover Mechanisms on Tungsten Oxide Surfaces.

Hydrogen spillover is an important process in catalytic hydrogenation reactions, facilitating H activation and modulating surface chemistry of reducible oxide catalysts. This study focuses on the unveiling of platinum-induced hydrogen spillover on monoclinic tungsten trioxide (γ-WO), employing ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, density functional theory calculations and microkinetic modeling to investigate the dynamic evolution of surface states at varied temperatures. At room temperature, hydrogen spillover results in the formation of W and hydrogen intermediates (hydroxyl species and adsorbed water), facilitated by Pt metal clusters.

Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma-NOS in Children and Adolescents: a Review from the Children's Oncology Group NHL Committee.

Peripheral T-cell lymphoma-not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS) is a rare mature T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) seen in both children and adults. While it is the most common non-anaplastic mature T-cell lymphoma of childhood, it is quite rare and therefore, the standard of care remains largely undefined. It is a disease characterized by clinical and pathological heterogeneity and is generally associated with an aggressive clinical course and poor prognosis in adults.

Lineage-dependence of the neuroblastoma surfaceome defines tumor cell state-dependent and independent immunotherapeutic targets.

Background: Neuroblastoma is a heterogeneous disease with adrenergic (ADRN)- and therapy resistant mesenchymal (MES)-like cells driven by distinct transcription factor networks. Here, we investigate the expression of immunotherapeutic targets in each neuroblastoma subtype and propose pan-neuroblastoma and cell state specific targetable cell-surface proteins.

Methods: We characterized cell lines, patient-derived xenografts, and patient samples as ADRN-dominant or MES-dominant to define subtype-specific and pan-neuroblastoma gene sets.

Response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy leads to better survival outcomes in upper tract urothelial carcinoma.

Objectives: To evaluate the benefit of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for patients with high-risk upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) using a large, well-curated multi-institutional database.

Patients And Methods: This study was a multi-institutional retrospective analysis conducted by the UTUC Collaborative Network (UCAN), combining data from 2276 patients with UTUC who underwent radical nephroureterectomy at seven high-volume tertiary care centres in the United States. The UCAN data were analysed to evaluate the impact of response to NAC on survival outcomes in patients with UTUC.

Development and initial validation of the group exercise motivation scale and associated factors in an Asian population.

Backgrounds: Physical activity is crucial in health promotion. Exercise in groups can strengthen the benefits of exercise itself. However, the scale measuring the motivation for group exercise is scare.

Impacts of Ethical Dilemmas and Moral Distress in Pediatric Hematology Oncology Nurses.

Purpose: To assess the level of moral distress (MD) and perceptions of ethical climate among pediatric hematology/oncology (PHO) nurses and to identify bioethics topics where increased education was desired.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we administered the 26-item Swedish Moral Distress Scale-Revised (sMDS-R), specifically revised and validated for pediatric oncology, in conjunction with the Clinical Ethics Needs Assessment Survey (CENAS). Electronic surveys were sent to inpatient and outpatient PHO nurses.

The interplay of sex and genotype in disease associations: a comprehensive network analysis in the UK Biobank.

Background: Disease comorbidities and longer-term complications, arising from biologically related associations across phenotypes, can lead to increased risk of severe health outcomes. Given that many diseases exhibit sex-specific differences in their genetics, our objective was to determine whether genotype-by-sex (GxS) interactions similarly influence cross-phenotype associations. Through comparison of sex-stratified disease-disease networks (DDNs)-where nodes represent diseases and edges represent their relationships-we investigate sex differences in patterns of polygenicity and pleiotropy between diseases.

Mechanosensation of the heart and gut elicits hypometabolism and vigilance in mice.

Interoception broadly refers to awareness of one's internal milieu. Although the importance of the body-to-brain communication that underlies interoception is implicit, the vagal afferent signalling and corresponding brain circuits that shape perception of the viscera are not entirely clear. Here, we use mice to parse neural circuits subserving interoception of the heart and gut.

pir-hsa-216911 inhibit pyroptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma by suppressing TLR4 initiated GSDMD activation.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a global health concern, ranking as the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. However, the role of piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) in HCC processes has not been extensively explored. Through small RNA sequencing, our study identified a specific piRNA, pir-hsa-216911, which is highly expressed in HCC cells.

Thermoelectric porous laser-induced graphene-based strain-temperature decoupling and self-powered sensing.

Despite rapid developments of wearable self-powered sensors, it is still elusive to decouple the simultaneously applied multiple input signals. Herein, we report the design and demonstration of stretchable thermoelectric porous graphene foam-based materials via facile laser scribing for self-powered decoupled strain and temperature sensing. The resulting sensor can accurately detect temperature with a resolution of 0.

Investigation into Drug-Induced Liver Damage Using Multimodal Mass Spectrometry Imaging.

Drug toxicity during the development of candidate pharmaceuticals is the leading cause of discontinuation in preclinical drug discovery and development. Traditionally, the cause of the toxicity is often determined by histological examination, clinical pathology, and the detection of drugs and/or metabolites by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). While these techniques individually provide information on the pathological effects of the drug and the detection of metabolites, they cannot provide specific molecular spatial information without additional experiments.