Embracing the Future of Clinical Trials in Radiotherapy: An NRG Oncology CIRO Technology Retreat Whitepaper on Pioneering Technologies and AI-Driven Solutions.

This white paper examines the potential of pioneering technologies and artificial intelligence (AI)-driven solutions in advancing clinical trials involving radiotherapy. As the field of radiotherapy evolves, the integration of cutting-edge approaches such as radiopharmaceutical dosimetry, FLASH radiotherapy, image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT), and AI promises to improve treatment planning, patient care, and outcomes. Additionally, recent advancements in quantum science, linear energy transfer/relative biological effect (LET/RBE), and the combination of radiotherapy and immunotherapy create new avenues for innovation in clinical trials.

Impact of Subsequent Fellowship on Urology Chief Resident Case Log Volumes.

Objective: To characterize the impact of subsequent fellowship on the case log experience of trainees throughout their residency and specifically their chief resident year.

Materials And Methods: Urology resident case logs from 2010 to 2022 were obtained from 13 institutions for total residency and chief years. Five categorized index procedures were included for analysis: General Urology; Endourology; Reconstructive Urology; Urologic Oncology; and Pediatric Urology.

Hereditary angioedema: patient healthcare experiences within underrepresented racial and ethnic groups in the United States.

Background: Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare disorder in which unpredictable angioedema attacks significantly impact patient quality of life (QoL). There is limited information regarding patient experiences and perspectives of HAE management within underrepresented racial and ethnic groups.

Objective: To gain insight into the experiences and perspectives of medical care and treatment for HAE among underrepresented racial and ethnic groups in the US.

Postoperative Radiotherapy ± Cetuximab for Intermediate-Risk Head and Neck Cancer.

Purpose: Radiotherapy (RT)/cetuximab (C) demonstrated superiority over RT alone for locally advanced squamous head and neck cancer. We tested this in completely resected, intermediate-risk cancer.

Methods: Patients had squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) of the oral cavity, oropharynx, or larynx, with one or more risk factors warranting postoperative RT.

Oral vs Intravenous Antibiotics for Fracture-Related Infections: The POvIV Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Fracture-related infection (FRI) is a serious complication following fracture fixation surgery. Current treatment of FRIs entails debridement and 6 weeks of intravenous (IV) antibiotics. Lab data and retrospective clinical studies support use of oral antibiotics, which are less expensive and may have fewer complications than IV antibiotics.

A Rare Case of Colorectal Cancer With Delayed Metastasis to the Duodenum.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) continues to be a significant global health issue contributing to a high mortality rate. Despite advancements in treatment, the risk of recurrence remains due to inherent mutations and the rapid turnover of intestinal mucosa. We present an exceptionally rare case of CRC metastasis to the duodenum in a 42-year-old female who has been compliant with postsurgical surveillance.

Preoperative Acute Depressive Episodes are Associated with Increased Medication Prescribing and Inpatient Services Following Primary Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare postoperative healthcare utilization, prescriptions, and shoulder surgery between patients with an acute depressive episode (ADE) and those without an acute depressive episode (NADE) within 3 months before arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.

Methods: Diagnostic and procedural codes were used to identify patients in the TriNetX Research Network at least 18 years of age and underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair between January 2010 and November 2021. Patients with a previous rotator cuff repair or diagnosis of recurrent major depressive disorder were excluded.

Response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy leads to better survival outcomes in upper tract urothelial carcinoma.

Objectives: To evaluate the benefit of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for patients with high-risk upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) using a large, well-curated multi-institutional database.

Patients And Methods: This study was a multi-institutional retrospective analysis conducted by the UTUC Collaborative Network (UCAN), combining data from 2276 patients with UTUC who underwent radical nephroureterectomy at seven high-volume tertiary care centres in the United States. The UCAN data were analysed to evaluate the impact of response to NAC on survival outcomes in patients with UTUC.

Loeffler's Syndrome Induced by the Transmigration of Strongyloides stercoralis to the Lungs: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Loeffler's syndrome is a rare, benign respiratory disease usually associated with peripheral eosinophilia, first described by Wilhelm Loeffler in 1932. It is caused by the larvae of helminths such as hookworms, , and S that transmigrate through the lungs during the active phase of infection. We present a case of a 53-year-old man who complained of a productive cough with intermittent hemoptysis and left-sided posterior chest pain.

Effect of Characteristic Inflammatory and Structural Pelvic Magnetic Resonance Imaging Lesions on Expert Assessment of Axial Juvenile Spondyloarthritis.

Objective: To evaluate the influence of pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings on axial disease assessment in juvenile spondyloarthritis (JSpA).

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of patients with JSpA with suspected axial disease. Three experts reviewed each case and rated their confidence (-3 to +3) in the presence of axial disease, first with clinical data and second with clinical and MRI data.

Appropriate Use Criteria for Neoplastic Compression Fractures.

Background Context: Clinical outcomes are directly related to patient selection and treatment indications for improved quality of life. With emphasis on quality and value, it is essential that treatment recommendations are optimized.

Purpose: The purpose of the North American Spine Society (NASS) Appropriate Use Criteria (AUC) is to determine the appropriate (ie, reasonable) multidisciplinary treatment recommendations for patients with metastatic neoplastic vertebral fractures across a spectrum of more common clinical scenarios.

Defining the Cost of Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair: A Multicenter, Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing and Cost Optimization Investigation.

Background: Rotator cuff repair (RCR) is a frequently performed outpatient orthopaedic surgery, with substantial financial implications for health-care systems. Time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC) is a method for nuanced cost analysis and is a valuable tool for strategic health-care decision-making. The aim of this study was to apply the TDABC methodology to RCR procedures to identify specific avenues to optimize cost-efficiency within the health-care system in 2 critical areas: (1) the reduction of variability in the episode duration, and (2) the standardization of suture anchor acquisition costs.

Blood absolute lymphocyte count and trajectory are important in understanding severe COVID-19.

Background: Low blood absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) may predict severe COVID-19 outcomes. Knowledge gaps remain regarding the relationship of ALC trajectory with clinical outcomes and factors associated with lymphopenia.

Methods: Our post hoc analysis of the Therapeutics for Inpatients with COVID-19 platform trial utilized proportional hazards models to assess relationships between Day (D) 0 lymphopenia (ALC < 0.

Complications associated with use of the Wolverine cutting balloon: insights from the Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) database.

Objectives: The Wolverine cutting balloon (CB) (Boston Scientific) is a specialized balloon catheter with microsurgical blades that is used for balloon-resistant lesions. The Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) database serves as a repository for reports of medical device complications. The aim of this study was to analyze complications associated with CB use during percutaneous coronary intervention in real-world contemporary practice.

Prevalence of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Vietnamese Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).

Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep-related breathing disorder among children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study aims to determine the prevalence of OSA in children with ADHD, compare the differences in clinical characteristics between children with ADHD-OSA and those without OSA (ADHD-nonOSA), and to identify the correlation between OSA and ADHD in children.

Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 524 children with ADHD, aged 6-12 years, at the Vietnam National Children's Hospital from October 2022 to September 2023.

Transcatheter Left Ventricular Reconstruction in Heart Failure Patients With Prior Anterior Myocardial Infarction: The Prospective ALIVE Trial.

Background: Left ventricular (LV) dilatation and extensive scar portend a poor prognosis in heart failure (HF). The Revivent TC system (BioVentrix Inc) is used either during a hybrid transcatheter-surgical or a surgical-only procedure to exclude transmural scar and reduce LV dimensions.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the safety and efficacy of the Revivent TC® anchor system in patients with HF.

Preferences for Inguinal Hernia Repair in Infants: A Survey of the Eastern Pediatric Surgery Network.

Introduction: Laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair (IHR) is being performed more frequently in children, but few studies have evaluated surgical practice patterns in infants. In this study, we surveyed pediatric surgeons within a regional consortium to assess current preferences for IHR strategy in infants. We hypothesized that early-career pediatric surgeons would prefer laparoscopic IHR over open IHR in this patient population.

The mitochondriotropic antioxidants AntiOxBEN and AntiOxCIN are structurally-similar but differentially alter energy homeostasis in human skin fibroblasts.

Mitochondrial dysfunction and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation play an import role in different human pathologies. In this context, mitochondrial targeting of potentially protective antioxidants by their coupling to the lipophilic triphenylphosphonium cation (TPP) is widely applied. Employing a six‑carbon (C) linker, we recently demonstrated that mitochondria-targeted phenolic antioxidants derived from gallic acid (AntiOxBEN) and caffeic acid (AntiOxCIN) counterbalance oxidative stress in primary human skin fibroblasts by activating ROS-protective mechanisms.

Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome and Autism Traits are Empirically Distinct from each Other and from Other Psychopathology Dimensions.

Recently, an association between cognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS), formerly sluggish cognitive tempo, and autism has been documented, but it is not known if the association is due to overlapping autism and CDS traits or if CDS is empirically distinct from autism. Mothers rated 2,209 children 4-17 years (1,177 with autism, 725 with ADHD-Combined type, and 307 with ADHD-Inattentive type) on the Pediatric Behavior Scale. Factor analysis of the Pediatric Behavior Scale items indicated that CDS and autism traits are empirically distinct from each other without cross-loading and are distinct from eight other factors (attention deficit, impulsivity, hyperactivity, oppositional behavior, irritability/anger, conduct problems, depression, and anxiety).

A Hitchhiker's Guide Toward CSF Biomarkers for Neuro-Oncology.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has emerged as a valuable liquid biopsy source for glioma biomarker discovery and validation. CSF produced within the ventricles circulates through the subarachnoid space, where the composition of glioma-derived analytes is influenced by the proximity and anatomical location of sampling relative to tumor, in addition to underlying tumor biology. The substantial gradients observed between lumbar and intracranial CSF compartments for tumor-derived analytes underscore the importance of sampling site selection.

Targeting WDR5/ATAD2 signaling by the CK2/Ikaros axis demonstrates therapeutic efficacy in T-ALL.

T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive hematological malignancy with a poor prognosis and limited options for targeted therapies. Identifying new molecular targets to develop novel therapeutic strategies is the pressing immediate issue in T-ALL. Here, we observed high expression of WD Repeat-Containing Protein 5 (WDR5) in T-ALL; with in vitro and in vivo models we demonstrated the oncogenic role of WDR5 in T-ALL by activating cell cycle signaling through its new downstream effector, ATPase family AAA domain-containing 2 (ATAD2).

Reviewing "Nil Per Os" Guidance for Clear Fluids in Children Before Anesthesia: Survey of the Pediatric Anesthesia Leadership Council.

Background: Several international pediatric anesthesia societies have endorsed a change in the traditional nil per os (NPO) cutoff of clear fluids (CF) from 2 hours to 1 hour. These recommendations were compiled from large-scale outcomes, gastric ultrasound, and quality improvement studies. The American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) recently published their updated guidelines.