Investigation of antibiotic-resistant vibrios associated with shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) farms.

For the sustainable farming of disease-free and healthy shrimps, antimicrobial use is frequent nowadays in shrimp-cultured system. Considering the serious impact of global antimicrobial resistance (AMR), the present study was focused to investigate the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant vibrios among infected shrimps (Penaeus vannamei) from two brackish water-cultured farms. Diverse species of vibrios viz.

Evaluation of protective effects of heat-inactivated cyprinid herpesvirus-2 (CyHV-2) vaccine against herpesviral hematopoietic necrosis disease (HVHND) in goldfish (Carassius auratus).

Cyprinid herpesvirus-2 (CyHV-2) is an important virus that causes herpesviral hematopoietic necrosis disease (HVHND) leading to huge economic losses in goldfish (Carassius auratus). However, until now no proper prophylactic measure or treatment is available for CyHV-2 infection in goldfish. Hence, in this experiment, we developed a heat-inactivated CyHV-2 vaccine and evaluated its performance in goldfish.

Outbreak of Parasitic Dinoflagellate sp. Infection in an Endangered Fish from India: Arulius Barb ().

Freshwater velvet disease is caused by the dinoflagellate parasite, sp. This parasite has been reported in tropical and subtropical fishes, and it can cause devastating losses. Moreover, sp.

Identification of induced antigens of the malacosporean parasite (Cnidaria) using induced antigen technology.

is a malacosporean endoparasite that causes proliferative kidney disease (PKD) in wild and farmed salmonids in Europe and North America. The life cycle of completes between invertebrate bryozoan and vertebrate fish hosts. Inside the fish, virulence factors of are induced during infection or interactions with host cells.

Genome-wide alternative splicing profile in the posterior kidney of brown trout (Salmo trutta) during proliferative kidney disease.

Background: The cnidarian myxozoan parasite Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae causes chronic proliferative kidney disease (PKD) in salmonids. This parasite is a serious threat to wild and cultured salmonids. T.

Establishment and characterization of a continuous cell line from caudal fin of Labeo calbasu (Hamilton, 1822).

Labeo calbasu is an important food fish and candidate species for diversification of carp aquaculture. In the present study, we have established a continuous cell line, designated as L. calbasu fin (LCF), from caudal fin of L.

A panoptic review of techniques for finfish disease diagnosis: The status quo and future perspectives.

Disease outbreaks caused by bacterial and viral pathogens is a major impediment to the sustainable growth of aquaculture. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of pathogens is crucial for the successful maintenance of fish health and productivity in aquaculture. This review manuscript provides a brief description of conventional disease diagnosis techniques and a detailed description of immunological techniques such as ELISA, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry and lateral flow immunoassay.

A natural outbreak of infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus threatens wild pearlspot, Etroplus suratensis in Peechi Dam in the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot, India.

A large-scale mortality of pearlspot, Etroplus suratensis was reported from Peechi Dam, an artificial tropical lake made for irrigation and drinking water supply in Kerala, India during 2018. This dam is located in the premises of Western Ghats, recognized as one of the biodiversity hotspots of the world. The objective of this study was to identify the aetiological agent of this large-scale mortality of E.

Quick hassle-free detection of cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (CyHV-2) in goldfish using recombinase polymerase amplification-lateral flow dipstick (RPA-LFD) assay.

Cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (CyHV-2) is the etiological agent of herpesviral hematopoietic necrosis disease (HVHND), which causes severe mortality in ornamental goldfish (), crucian carp (), and gibel/prussian carp (). Quick and hassle-free point-of-care detection of CyHV-2 is vital for the maintenance of ornamental fish health. In this manuscript, we describe the development of a rapid and sensitive RPA (recombinase polymerase amplification) assay, coupled with lateral flow dipsticks (LFD), that can achieve sensitive diagnosis of CyHV-2 in goldfish within 20 min at 36 °C with the satisfactory detection limit of 10 gene copies per reaction.

A peek into mass mortality caused by antimicrobial resistant in goldfish, in Kerala.

is one of the serious threats affecting the worldwide aquaculture. In the present study, four isolates were recovered from diseased goldfish, showing hemorrhages, reported with 60% mass mortality in an ornamental fish farm, Ernakulam, Kerala. Based on the phenotypic and genotypic analysis, the bacteria were identified as , and .

Co-infection of Lactococcus garvieae and Tilapia lake virus (TiLV) in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus cultured in India.

Tilapia lake virus (TiLV) and Lactococcus garvieae are 2 major pathogens of cultured Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. In June-July 2018, a disease outbreak was reported in Nile tilapia cultured in brackish water floating cages in Kerala, India. Affected fish died gradually, and cumulative mortality reached ~75% within 1 mo.

Reassortment and evolutionary dynamics of tilapia lake virus genomic segments.

The tilapia lake virus (TiLV), a highly infectious negative-sense single-stranded segmented RNA virus, has caused several outbreaks worldwide since its first report from Israel in 2014, and continues to pose a major threat to the global tilapia industry. Despite its economic importance, little is known about the underlying mechanisms in the genomic evolution of this highly infectious viral pathogen. Using phylogenomic approaches to the genome sequences of TiLV isolates from various geographic regions, we report on the pervasive role of reassortment, selection, and mutation in TiLV evolution.

Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus-associated large-scale mortality in farmed giant gourami, Osphronemus goramy, in India.

Megalocytivirus cause diseases that have serious economic impacts on aquaculture, mainly in East and South-East Asia. Five primary genotypes are known: infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV), red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV), turbot reddish body iridovirus (TRBIV), threespine stickleback iridovirus (TSIV) and scale drop disease virus (SDDV). ISKNV-mediated infectious spleen and kidney necrosis disease (ISKND) is a major viral disease in both freshwater and marine fish species.

Co-Infection of Infectious Hypodermal and Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHHNV) and White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) in the Wild Crustaceans of Andaman and Nicobar Archipelago, India.

The present study was intended to screen the wild crustaceans for co-infection with Infectious Hypodermal and Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHHNV) and White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) in Andaman and Nicobar Archipelago, India. We screened a total of 607 shrimp and 110 crab samples using a specific polymerase chain reaction, and out of them, 82 shrimps (13.5%) and 5 (4.

Immune gene expression in cyprinid herpesvirus-2 (CyHV-2)-sensitized peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) co-cultured with CyHV-2-infected goldfish fin cell line.

Goldfish is one of the preferred ornamental fish which is highly susceptible to cyprinid herpesvirus-2 (CyHV-2) infection. The present study aimed to analyse immune gene expression in a co-culture of CyHV-2-sensitized goldfish peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) with CyHV-2-infected fantail goldfish fin cell lines (FtGF). Goldfish were sensitized with intraperitoneal TCID dose (10/mL) of CyHV-2.

Evaluation of candidate reference genes for quantitative RTqPCR analysis in goldfish (Carassius auratus L.) in healthy and CyHV-2 infected fish.

The accuracy of quantitative real time PCR (RTqPCR) can be attained only when a suitable reference gene is used. The gene expression for a particular gene may vary within different cells at different conditions. Hence, the suitability and stability of various potential reference genes have to be determined for expression studies.

Transcriptome analysis of liver elucidates key immune-related pathways in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus following infection with tilapia lake virus.

Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is one of the most important aquaculture species farmed worldwide. However, the recent emergence of tilapia lake virus (TiLV) disease, also known as syncytial hepatitis of tilapia, has threatened the global tilapia industry. To gain more insight regarding the host response against the disease, the transcriptional profiles of liver in experimentally-infected and control tilapia were compared.

Comparative sensitivity of three new cell lines developed from gill, liver and brain tissues of goldfish, Carassius auratus (L.) to cyprinid herpesvirus-2 (CyHV-2).

Cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (CyHV-2) is the etiological agent of Goldfish herpesviral haematopoietic necrosis (GHVHN) in goldfish. In this study, three new cell lines including Fantail goldfish gill (FtGG), Fantail goldfish liver (FtGL) and Fantail goldfish brain (FtGB) had been established and characterized from the gill, liver and brain tissue of C. auratus respectively.

Establishment and characterization of a continuous cell line from heart of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and its susceptibility to tilapia lake virus.

In the present study, we have developed a continuous cell line from the heart tissue of the Oreochromis niloticus and used for studying susceptibility to tilapia lake virus (TiLV). The cell line, designated as OnH, has been subcultured up to 82 passages. The optimal growth of OnH cells was observed at 28-32 °C in iL-15 medium supplemented with 20 % fetal bovine serum.

Establishment and characterization of fantail goldfish fin (FtGF) cell line from goldfish, for in vitro propagation of Cyprinid herpes virus-2 (CyHV-2).

Background: Herpesviral hematopoietic necrosis disease, caused by cyprinid herpesvirus-2 (CyHV-2), is responsible for massive mortalities in the aquaculture of goldfish, . Permissive cell lines for the isolation and propagation of CyHV-2 have been established from various goldfish tissues by sacrificing the fish. Here, we report the development of a cell line, FtGF (Fantail Goldfish Fin), from caudal fin of goldfish using non-lethal sampling.

Antibiotic-resistant Enterobacteriaceae from diseased freshwater goldfish.

Goldfish farming gained more attention among the ornamental fishes in aquaculture industry. The occurrence of bacterial infections and further antimicrobial treatment lead to the major crisis of antibiotic resistance in aquaculture. We have isolated diverse enterobacteriaceae groups which affect the goldfish and identified their response towards 46 antimicrobials of 15 different classes.

Antimicrobial Resistance analysis of Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Freshwater Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Cultured in Kerala, India.

Aquaculture of popular freshwater species, Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), accounts for around 71% of the total global tilapia production. Frequent use of antibiotics for treating bacterial infections in tilapia leads to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. To mitigate the issue, proper evaluation methods and control strategies have to be implemented.

Population connectivity and genetic structure of Asian green mussel, Perna viridis along Indian waters assessed using mitochondrial markers.

Perna viridis (Linnaeus, 1758), the Asian green mussel, belonging to the family Mytilidae is widely distributed along the Indian coast. The species is majorly found in southeastern countries and is considered an ideal candidate for aquaculture due to its high nutritional value and growth rate. Obtaining their genetic information is essential for their sustainable capture-based production.

Unravelling the menace: detection of antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture.

One of the major problems to be addressed in aquaculture is the prominence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The occurrence of bacterial infections in cultured fishes promotes the continuous use of antibiotics in aquaculture, which results in the selection of proliferated antibiotic-resistant bacteria and increases the possibility of transfer to the whole environment through horizontal gene transfer. Hence, the accurate cultivation-dependent and cultivation-independent detection methods are very much crucial for the immediate and proper management of this menace.

Establishment and cryopreservation of a cell line derived from caudal fin of endangered catfish Clarias dussumieri Valenciennes, 1840.

We describe a new cell line, Clarias dussumieri fin (ClDuF), from the caudal fin of C. dussumieri using the explant technique followed by cryopreservation. The cryopreserved CiDuF cells were validated for quality and other characteristics.