ADHD-inattentive versus ADHD-Combined subtypes: A severity continuum or two distinct entities? A comprehensive analysis of clinical, cognitive and neuroimaging data.

The current study aimed to explore the multimodal differences between the inattentive ADHD (ADHD-I) subtype and the combined ADHD (ADHD-C) subtype. A large sample of medication-naïve children with pure ADHD (i.e.

Predicting Treatment Response in Schizophrenia With Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Polygenic Risk Score.

Prior studies have separately demonstrated that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and schizophrenia polygenic risk score (PRS) are predictive of antipsychotic medication treatment outcomes in schizophrenia. However, it remains unclear whether MRI combined with PRS can provide superior prognostic performance. Besides, the relative importance of these measures in predictions is not investigated.

Consistent brain structural abnormalities and multisite individualised classification of schizophrenia using deep neural networks.

Background: Previous analyses of grey and white matter volumes have reported that schizophrenia is associated with structural changes. Deep learning is a data-driven approach that can capture highly compact hierarchical non-linear relationships among high-dimensional features, and therefore can facilitate the development of clinical tools for making a more accurate and earlier diagnosis of schizophrenia.

Aims: To identify consistent grey matter abnormalities in patients with schizophrenia, 662 people with schizophrenia and 613 healthy controls were recruited from eight centres across China, and the data from these independent sites were used to validate deep-learning classifiers.

Progressive Prefrontal Cortex Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease With Probable REM Sleep Behavior Disorder: A 3-Year Longitudinal Study.

This study aimed to explore the disrupted prefrontal cortex activity specific to patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) with rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) compared with those without and to further examine the associations between these alterations and neuropsychological measurements. Ninety-six patients with early PD underwent both structural and functional MRI, and also neuropsychological assessments in the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) database. Of these, 46 patients who completed 1- and 3-year fMRI follow-up examinations were categorized as PD with probable RBD (PD-pRBD) and without (PD-pRBD).

Future Trends in Disability and Its Determinants Among Chinese Community Patients With Anxiety Disorders: Evidence From a 5-Year Follow-Up Study.

Anxiety disorders (ADs) are a group of disorders with a high disability rate and bring a huge social burden. In China, information on future trends in the disability among community ADs patients and its determinants are rare. The objectives of this study are to describe the future trends in the disability among ADs patients living in community and to investigate the determinants of the disability.

Corrigendum: Effectiveness of Physical Activity Intervention on ADHD Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.

Identify aberrant white matter microstructure in ASD, ADHD and other neurodevelopmental disorders: A meta-analysis of diffusion tensor imaging studies.

Background: Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) usually present overlapping symptoms. Abnormal white matter (WM) microstructure has been found in these disorders. Identification of common and unique neural abnormalities across NDDs could provide further insight into the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms.

Effectiveness of Physical Activity Intervention on ADHD Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

To assess the effectiveness of physical activity (PA) intervention on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-related symptoms. Studies that investigated PA intervention for ADHD-related symptoms were identified through searching PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases from inception through June 2021. Standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to assess the effectiveness of PA intervention on improving ADHD-related symptoms.

Multisite schizophrenia classification by integrating structural magnetic resonance imaging data with polygenic risk score.

Previous brain structural magnetic resonance imaging studies reported that patients with schizophrenia have brain structural abnormalities, which have been used to discriminate schizophrenia patients from normal controls. However, most existing studies identified schizophrenia patients at a single site, and the genetic features closely associated with highly heritable schizophrenia were not considered. In this study, we performed standardized feature extraction on brain structural magnetic resonance images and on genetic data to separate schizophrenia patients from normal controls.

Genetic Predisposition Between COVID-19 and Four Mental Illnesses: A Bidirectional, Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.

The outbreak of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic. Although it has long been suspected that COVID-19 could contribute to the development of mental illness, and individuals with a pre-existing mental illness may have a higher risk of and poorer outcomes from COVID-19 infection, no evidence has established a causal association between them thus far. To investigate associations in support of a causal association between the severity of COVID-19 and mental illnesses, we leveraged large-scale genetic summary data from genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary datasets, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) ( = 55,374), schizophrenia ( = 77,096), bipolar disorder ( = 51,710), and depression ( = 173,005), based on a previous observational study.

Assessment of the relationships between genetic determinants of thyroid functions and bipolar disorder: A mendelian randomization study.

Background: Thyroid functions (TFs) have been implicated in the initiation and propagation of psychiatric disorders. Observational studies have shown associations of TFs with psychiatric disorders. However, the relationship between TFs and psychiatric diseases were still unclear.

Peptoid Nanosheet-Based Sensing System for the Diagnosis and Surveillance of Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases characterized by progressive cognitive decline. Early diagnosis and dynamic monitoring are essential to the treatment and care of AD but challenging. Here we develop a noninvasive, blood-based AD detection method based on surface plasmonic resonance imaging (SPRi) technique.

Childhood urbanicity interacts with polygenic risk for depression to affect stress-related medial prefrontal function.

Urbanization is increasing globally, and is associated with stress and increased mental health risks, including for depression. However, it remains unclear, especially at the level of brain function, how urbanicity, social threat stressors, and psychiatric risk may be linked. Here, we aim to define the structural and functional MRI neural correlates of social stress, childhood urbanicity, and their putative mechanistic relevance to depressive illness risk, in terms of behavioral traits and genetics.

Overlapping common genetic architecture between major depressive disorders and anxiety and stress-related disorders.

Major depressive disorders (MDDs) and anxiety and stress-related disorders (ASRDs) have overlapping symptoms and high rates of comorbidity. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we aimed to examine whether MDD and ASRD share genetic risk factors utilizing recent large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWASs).

Genetically predicted obesity and risk of deep vein thrombosis.

Aims/hypothesis: An association between obesity and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) has been revealed by observational studies, but it is not clear if the observed associations are causal, caused by confounding bias or reverse causation.

Methods: We performed a two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) study by obtaining exposure and outcome data from separate published studies. We utilized data from Genetic Investigation of Anthropometric Traits (GIANT, 339,224 participants) consortium and FinnGen project (FinnGen, 1785 DVT case and 84,462 control participants) to determine the causal effect of BMI on DVT.

Dose Adjustment Model of Paliperidone in Patients With Acute Schizophrenia: A Analysis of an Open-Label, Single-Arm Multicenter Study.

This study aimed to investigate the factors that influenced the clinicians to adjust the paliperidone dose in the acute phase of schizophrenia. This was a study of an 8-week, open-label, single-arm multicenter trial which evaluated the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of flexible doses of paliperidone ER (3-12 mg/day) in patients with acutely exacerbated schizophrenia. Patients were divided into groups according to the dose at week 8 (3, 6, and 9-12 mg).

Genetic predisposition to COVID-19 may increase the risk of hypertension disorders in pregnancy: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

Aims: The aim of this study was to apply the Mendelian randomization (MR) design to explore the potential causal association between COVID-19 and the risk of hypertension disorders in pregnancy.

Methods: Our primary genetic instrument comprised 8 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with COVID-19 at genome-wide significance. Data on the associations between the SNPs and the risk of hypertension disorders in pregnancy were obtained from study based on a very large cohort of European population.

Effects of tree canopy on psychological distress: A repeated cross-sectional study before and during the COVID-19 epidemic.

Background: During the COVID-19 epidemic period, people showed a stronger connection to the environment within their communities. Although tree canopy in residential areas has been shown to positively affect psychological distress, it is not clear whether the COVID-19 epidemic played a role in this process. Elucidation of the relationship between tree canopy and the impact on psychological distress during the COVID-19 epidemic could provide valuable information as to the best methods to help individuals cope with urban mental stress events.

Hyper- and hypo-connectivity in sensorimotor network of drug-naïve patients with cervical dystonia.

Background: Cervical dystonia (CD) is the most common form of focal dystonia with involuntary movements and postures of the head. The pathogenesis and neural mechanisms underlying CD have not been fully elucidated.

Methods: Twenty-seven newly drug-naïve patients with CD and 21 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited with clinical assessment and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) scanning.

Cell type-specific and cross-population polygenic risk score analyses of gene pathway in schizophrenia.

Cell type-specific pathway-based polygenic risk scores (PRSs) may better inform disease biology and improve the precision of PRS-based clinical prediction. For (), a leading neuropsychiatric risk gene and a post-transcriptional master regulator, we conducted a cell type-specific gene set PRS analysis in both European and Han Chinese schizophrenia (SZ) samples. We found that the PRS of neuronal target genes better explains SZ risk than PRS derived from target genes in iPSC or from the reported gene sets showing altered expression.

Thalamus Radiomics-Based Disease Identification and Prediction of Early Treatment Response for Schizophrenia.

Background: Emerging evidence suggests structural and functional disruptions of the thalamus in schizophrenia, but whether thalamus abnormalities are able to be used for disease identification and prediction of early treatment response in schizophrenia remains to be determined. This study aims at developing and validating a method of disease identification and prediction of treatment response by multi-dimensional thalamic features derived from magnetic resonance imaging in schizophrenia patients using radiomics approaches.

Methods: A total of 390 subjects, including patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls, participated in this study, among which 109 out of 191 patients had clinical characteristics of early outcome (61 responders and 48 non-responders).

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances exposure during pregnancy and adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) during pregnancy has been suggested to be associated with adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes; however, the findings have been inconsistent. We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to provide an overview of these associations.

Methods: The online databases PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science were searched comprehensively for eligible studies from inception to February 2021.

The Effects of Cardiometabolic Factors on the Association Between Serum Uric Acid and Chronic Kidney Disease in Chinese Middle-Aged and Older Population: A Mediation Analysis.

Introduction: To explore whether dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia or hypertension has mediating effect on the association between serum uric acid (SUA) and the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Methods: We conducted a mediation analysis to explore the potential mediating effects of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), blood glucose, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) on the association between SUA and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The data were obtained from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), covering 5,762 individuals.

Adult ADHD, executive function, depressive/anxiety symptoms, and quality of life: A serial two-mediator model.

Background: Adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with impaired executive function (EF), depressive/anxiety symptoms, and poor quality of life (QoL). In this study, we aimed to investigate correlations among these variables and to build a simple or serial mediation model for exploring the mechanisms between adult ADHD and QoL.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study.

Disrupted signal variability of spontaneous neural activity in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Brain signal variability (BSV) has shown to be powerful in characterizing human brain development and neuropsychiatric disorders. Multiscale entropy (MSE) is a novel method for quantifying the variability of brain signal, and helps elucidate complex dynamic pathological mechanisms in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Here, multiple-channel resting-state functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) imaging data were acquired from 42 children with ADHD and 41 healthy controls (HCs) and then BSV was calculated for each participant based on the MSE analysis.