Efficacy of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for medicated adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): A randomized controlled trial.

Background: Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but its use is limited by poor accessibility and time constraints-barriers that internet-based CBT (iCBT) may help overcome. This trial aimed to explore the short- and long-term efficacy of iCBT in medicated adults with ADHD.

Methods: Eighty-six adults with ADHD were randomized into two groups: the iCBT combined with medication group (iCBT+M, n = 43) and the medication-only group (n = 43).

Functional imaging derived ADHD biotypes based on deep clustering: a study on personalized medication therapy guidance.

Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder with childhood onset, however, there is no clear correspondence established between clinical ADHD subtypes and primary medications. Identifying objective and reliable neuroimaging markers for categorizing ADHD biotypes may lead to more individualized, biotype-guided treatment.

Methods: Here we proposed a graph convolution network for biological subtype detection (GCN-BSD) using both functional network connectivity (FNC) and non-imaging phenotypic data for ADHD biotype.

Characteristics of positive and negative effects on the quality of life of breast cancer patients.

Background: Postoperative and ongoing treatment of breast cancer is traumatic to women with breast cancer and may lead to positive and negative psychological diseases, which can affect the prognosis of patients with breast cancer. Positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) significantly impact the prognosis of postoperative breast cancer patients. However, the effects of specific emotions on patient prognosis and the relationships between them are still unclear.

Mechanistic insights into retinoic-acid treatment for autism in the improvement of social behavior: Evidence from a multi omics study in rats.

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a lifelong condition. It is characterized by complex etiologies, including disruptions in exogenous retinoic acid (RA) signaling, which may serve as an environmental risk factor. Targeting the RA pathway presents a promising therapeutic avenue, though the precise mechanisms remain to be elucidated.

The efficacy of exercise interventions on depressive symptoms and cognitive function in adults with depression: An umbrella review.

Objective: This umbrella review aims to consolidate the evidence concerning the influence of exercise on depressive symptoms and cognitive performance in adults diagnosed with depression.

Methods: An umbrella review of systematic reviews with meta-analyses investigating the effect of exercise on depression and cognition was performed. Databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase) were searched from inception until February 2024 for reviews of randomized controlled trials.

Interference of default mode on attention networks in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and its association with genetic variants and treatment outcomes.

Aims: Altered brain functional connectivity has been proposed as the neurobiological underpinnings of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and the default mode interference hypothesis is one of the most popular neuropsychological models. Here, we explored whether this hypothesis is supported in adults with ADHD and the association with high-risk genetic variants and treatment outcomes.

Methods: Voxel-based whole-brain connectome analysis was conducted on resting-state functional MRI data from 84 adults with ADHD and 89 healthy controls to identify functional connectivity substrates corresponding to ADHD-related alterations.

Environmental Toxicant Exposure and Depressive Symptoms.

Importance: Recognizing associations between exposure to common environmental toxicants and mental disorders such as depression is crucial for guiding targeted mechanism research and the initiation of disease prevention efforts.

Objectives: To comprehensively screen and assess the associations between potential environmental toxicants and depressive symptoms and to assess whether systemic inflammation serves as a mediator.

Design, Setting, And Participants: A total of 3427 participants from the 2013-2014 and 2015-2016 waves of the National Health and Nutrition Examination and Survey who had information on blood or urine concentrations of environmental toxicants and depression scores assessed by the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) were included.

The Chinese Version of the Compensatory ADHD Behaviors Scale (CABS): A Study on Reliability, Validity, and Clinical Utility.

Purpose: With the further development of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) research, more and more assessment tools related to ADHD have been used. However, there is still no measurement instrument to evaluate the compensatory behavior of ADHD in China. This study aimed to examine the reliability and validity of the Compensatory ADHD Behaviors Scale (CABS) adapted in Chinese and explore ecological characteristics in adults with ADHD using the CABS.

Barriers and facilitators to implementing a Canadian shared-care ADHD program in pediatric settings in Shanghai: a consolidated framework for implementation research approach.

Objectives: The vast majority of children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) do not have access to proper diagnosis and treatment in China. The goal of this project is to identify the challenges and facilitators in implementing a Canadian ADHD Shared Care Pathways program in pediatric settings in Shanghai region.

Methods: Purposive semi-structured focus groups were conducted on a total of 13 healthcare practitioners from the Shanghai Xinuha, Ninghai and Chongming hospitals.

Causal Associations between Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and COVID-19.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate bidirectional genetic relationships between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and COVID-19.

Methods: We investigated potential causal associations between PTSD and two COVID-19 conditions (COVID-19 hospitalization and SARS-CoV-2 infection) via Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses. Three genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary datasets were used in the study, including PTSD (N = 174,659), SARS-CoV-2 infection (N = 2,597,856), and COVID-19 hospitalization (N = 2,095,324).

Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Quick Delay Questionnaire (C-QDQ) and ecological characteristics of reward-delay impulsivity of adults with ADHD.

Background: The Quick Delay Questionnaire (QDQ) is a short questionnaire designed to assess delay-related difficulties in adults. This study aimed to examine the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the QDQ (C-QDQ) in Chinese adults, and explore the ecological characteristics of delay-related impulsivity in Chinese adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Methods: Data was collected from 302 adults, including ADHD (n = 209) and healthy controls (HCs) (n = 93).

One-year follow-up of the effectiveness and mediators of cognitive behavioural therapy among adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: secondary outcomes of a randomised controlled trial.

Background: The long-term effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) in medicated attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) adults with residual symptoms needs to be verified across multiple dimensions, especially with respect to maladaptive cognitions and psychological quality of life (QoL). An exploration of the mechanisms underlying the additive benefits of CBT on QoL in clinical samples may be helpful for a better understanding of the CBT conceptual model and how CBT works in medicated ADHD.

Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial including 98 medicated ADHD adults with residual symptoms who were randomly allocated to the CBT combined with medication (CBT + M) group or the medication (M)-only group.

Fluoxetine reverses early-life stress-induced depressive-like behaviors and region-specific alterations of monoamine transporters in female mice.

The sex difference that females are more vulnerable to depression than males has been recently replicated in an animal model of early-life stress (ES) called the limited bedding and nesting material (LBN) paradigm. Adopting this animal model, we have previously examined the effects of ES on monoamine transporter (MATs) expression in stress-related regions in adult female mice, and the reversal effects of a novel multimodal antidepressant, vortioxetine. In this study, replacing vortioxetine with a classical antidepressant, fluoxetine, we aimed to replicate the ES effects in adult female mice and to elucidate the commonality and differences between fluoxetine and vortioxetine.

Causal association of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder with post-traumatic stress disorder.

Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are two neurodevelopmental disorders that often result in individuals experiencing traumatic events. However, little is known about the connection between ADHD/ASD and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study aimed to investigate the genetic associations between these disorders.

Interventions for psychiatric disorders among university students: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

Background: Mental disorders are considered to be the main reason for the increase of the disease burden. College students seem to be more vulnerable to the adverse effects of stress, which makes them more at risk of suffering from mental disorders. This umbrella review aimed to evaluate the credibility of published evidence regarding the effects of interventions on mental disorders among university students.

From teeth to brain: dental caries causally affects the cortical thickness of the banks of the superior temporal sulcus.

Objectives: Dental caries is one of the most prevalent oral diseases and causes of tooth loss. Cross-sectional studies observed epidemiological associations between dental caries and brain degeneration disorders, while it is unknown whether dental caries causally affect the cerebral structures. This study tested whether genetically proxied DMFS (the sum of Decayed, Missing, and Filled tooth Surfaces) causally impacts the brain cortical structure using Mendelian randomization (MR).

Identifying psychosis subtypes use individualized covariance structural differential networks and multi-site clustering.

Background: Similarities among schizophrenia (SZ), schizoaffective disorder (SAD) and bipolar disorder (BP) including clinical phenotypes, brain alterations and risk genes, make it challenging to perform reliable separation among them. However, previous subtype identification that transcend traditional diagnostic boundaries were based on group-level neuroimaging features, ignoring individual-level inferences.

Methods: 455 psychoses (178 SZs, 134 SADs and 143 BPs), their first-degree relatives (N = 453) and healthy controls (HCs, N = 220) were collected from Bipolar-Schizophrenia Network on Intermediate Phenotypes (B-SNIP I) consortium.

Periodontitis causally affects the brain cortical structure: A Mendelian randomization study.

Objective: To estimate whether genetically proxied periodontitis causally impacts the brain cortical structure using Mendelian randomization (MR).

Background: Periodontitis is one of the most prevalent inflammatory conditions globally, and emerging evidence has indicated its influences on distal organs, including the brain, whose disorders are always accompanied by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-identified brain cortical changes. However, to date, no available evidence has revealed the association between periodontitis and brain cortical structures.

Specific brain imaging alterations underlying autistic traits in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Background: Autistic traits (ATs) are frequently reported in children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). This study aimed to examine ATs in children with ADHD from both behavioral and neuroimaging perspectives.

Methods: We used the Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ) to assess and define subjects with and without ATs.

Functional Imaging Derived ADHD Biotypes Based on Deep Clustering May Guide Personalized Medication Therapy.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder with childhood onset, however, there is no clear correspondence established between clinical ADHD subtypes and primary medications. Identifying objective and reliable neuroimaging markers for categorizing ADHD biotypes may lead to more individualized, biotype-guided treatment. Here we proposed graph convolutional network plus deep clustering for ADHD biotype detection using functional network connectivity (FNC), resulting in two biotypes based on 1069 ADHD patients selected from Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, which were well replicated on independent ADHD adolescents undergoing longitudinal medication treatment (n=130).

The Role of Smoking, Obesity, and Physical Inactivity in Cognitive Performance and Decline: A Multicohort Study.

Background: Unhealthy lifestyles are recognized contributors to cognitive decline, yet limited evidence focuses on their roles in cognitive decline rate. This study examined the role of smoking, obesity, and physical inactivity in cognitive performance and rate of cognitive decline by birth cohort on a global scale.

Methods: Utilizing data from 4 prospective cohort studies (China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, English Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Health and Retirement Study, and Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe) across 14 countries, a multicohort study was performed.