The efficacy and safety of thymosin α1 for sepsis (TESTS): multicentre, double blinded, randomised, placebo controlled, phase 3 trial.

Objective: To evaluate whether the immunomodulatory drug thymosin α1 reduces mortality in adults with sepsis.

Design: Multicentre, double blinded, placebo controlled phase 3 trial.

Setting: 22 centres in China, September 2016 to December 2020.

Monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio as a marker of the presence and progression of diabetic kidney disease.

Background: Monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR) is considered a novel marker of inflammation. However, whether MHR can predict the risk of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) remains uncertain. Our research aimed to investigate the relationship between MHR and DKD.

Mesenchymal stem cells for osteoarthritis: Recent advances in related cell therapy.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease that affects the entire joint and has been a huge burden on the health care system worldwide. Although traditional therapy and targeted cartilage cell therapy have made significant progress in the treatment of OA and cartilage regeneration, there are still many problems. Mesenchymal stem cells from various tissues are the most studied cell type and have been used in preclinical and clinical studies of OA, because they are more widely available, have a greater capacity for in expansion, and have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties compared to autologous chondrocytes.

The overview of lactylation in the placenta of preeclampsia.

Background: Preeclampsia is a major challenge for obstetricians due to its severe impacts on maternal and fetal health. Lysine lactylation (Kla) derived from lactate is a novel type of post-translational modification which has been confirmed to affect the malignant progression of diseases as an epigenetic modifier. However, the systemic lactylome profiling of preeclampsia is still unclear.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Cognitive Impairment in COPD: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Aim: The aim of this systematic review is to present the pooled estimated prevalence and risk factors for cognitive impairment (CI) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Background: Patients with COPD suffer from progressive and irreversible airflow limitation, resulting in continuous impairment of lung function, which in addition to causing lesions in the lungs, often accrues to other organs as well. In recent years, a growing number of cross-sectional and longitudinal studies have shown that hypoxia is an important factor in causing CI and that there is an important link between them, but the assessment of co-morbid neurocognitive impairment and dysfunction is often overlooked.

Life's Essential 8 and kidney stones in US adults: mediating roles of HDL and insulin resistance.

Background: The rising incidence of kidney stones underscores the imperative to devise effective preventive measures. While a robust association between cardiovascular disease (CVD) and kidney stones exists, the current research landscape lacks investigations between cardiovascular health (CVH) and kidney stones. This study aims to explore the association between CVH, assessed by Life's Essential 8 (LE8), and kidney stones, with the role of blood lipids and insulin resistance in this relationship.

Gaps in knowledge and management of iron deficiency in heart failure: a nationwide survey of cardiologists in China.

Background: Heart failure (HF) guidelines recommend routine testing for iron deficiency (ID) and, for those with ID, intravenous iron if the left ventricular ejection fraction is <50%. Guideline adherence to these recommendations by cardiologists in China is unknown.

Methods And Results: An independent academic web-based survey was designed and distributed via social networks to cardiologists across China.

The first Ranatuerin antimicrobial peptide with LPS-neutralizing and anti-inflammatory activities in vitro and in vivo.

Pelophylax nigromaculata, common traditional Chinese medicinal material used for several hundreds of years, is one of the most widely distributed amphibians in China. In this study, a novel Ranatuerin-2 family antimicrobial peptide, Rana-2PN, was identified and characterized from its skin, and its structural characteristics and functional activities were studied extensively. First, Rana-2PN exhibited a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity, displaying minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 12.

Downregulated CCND3 Is a Key Event Driving Lung Adenocarcinoma Metastasis during Acquired Cisplatin Resistance.

Cyclin D3 (CCND3), a member of the cyclin D family, is known to promote cell cycle transition. In this study, we found that CCND3 was downregulated in cisplatin-resistant (-diamminedichloroplatinum, DDP) lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cells. The loss of CCND3 indeed impeded cell cycle transition.

Exploring the potential association between serum selenium and hypertension in obese adult males in the United States.

Previous studies on the correlation between serum selenium and hypertension have yielded inconsistent results. Our previous analysis of participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2018 indicated that elevated serum selenium concentrations were associated with an increased risk of metabolic abnormalities in obese individuals, with the primary effect being on blood pressure in males. The aim of this study was to further elucidate the relationship between serum selenium and the risk of hypertension in obese males.

Surgical correction of cavus foot may promote quality of life in patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease: A retrospective study.

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is a hereditary peripheral neuropathy leading to neuromuscular impairments, muscle atrophy, and functional limitations. Currently, no specific treatment exists to restore muscle strength in patients with CMT, and the disease can be severely disabling. Surgical correction of cavus foot has been suggested as a potential intervention to alleviate pain and improve gait in selected patients.

Panel containing three serum microRNAs: a promising biomarker for early detection of bladder cancer.

Background: Bladder cancer (BC) is a common tumor worldwide. Screening for BC currently lacks a highly efficient, non-invasive, and inexpensive method. Serum microRNA (miRNA), which is stable and commonly present, has the potential to serve as a novel marker for BC diagnosis.

Association of dietary intake of live microbes with bowel health and depression in US adults: a cross-sectional study of NHANES 2005-2010.

Background: Depression substantially impacts on quality of life, personal relationships, and self-care. Gastrointestinal disorders are the common comorbidity of depression and 24.3% of patients with depression have disordered bowel habits.

Pathogenesis and management of -related Olmsted syndrome.

Olmsted syndrome is characterized by symmetrically distributed, destructive, inflammatory palmoplantar keratoderma with periorificial keratotic plaques, most commonly due to gain-of-function mutations in the transient receptor potential vanilloid 3 (TRPV3) gene, which involves multiple pathological functions of the skin, such as hyperkeratosis, dermatitis, hair loss, itching, and pain. Recent studies suggest that mutations of located in different structural domains lead to cases of varying severity, suggesting a potential genotype-phenotype correlation resulting from TRPV3 gene mutations. This paper reviews the genetics and pathogenesis of Olmsted syndrome, as well as the potential management and treatment.

Chemotherapeutic hormesis induced by the tumor microenvironment in refractory ovarian cancer.

Advanced ovarian cancer often presents with multiple lesions exhibiting varying responses to chemotherapy, highlighting the critical influence of the tumor microenvironment (TME). This study investigates the phenomenon of chemotherapeutic hormesis, wherein low doses of chemotherapeutic agents, such as cisplatin (CDDP) and paclitaxel (PTX), paradoxically stimulate rather than inhibit cancer cell proliferation. Our findings indicate that NOS3 ovarian cancer cells, particularly drug-resistant variants, exhibit enhanced proliferation when exposed to low concentrations of these drugs.

Investigating ocular biomarkers and differential diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and vascular cognitive impairment based on multimodal imaging.

Significance: The eye can be used as a potential monitoring window for screening, diagnosis, and monitoring of neurological diseases. Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) are common causes of cognitive impairment and may share many similarities in ocular signs. Multimodal ophthalmic imaging is a technology to quantify pupillary light reaction, retinal reflectance spectrum, and hemodynamics.

Pathological diagnosis and clinical feature analysis of descending duodenal mucosal adenocarcinoma: A case report.

Background: Mucosal adenocarcinoma of the descending duodenum is a very rare gastrointestinal tumor. Due to its low incidence, it has rarely been the focus of clinical and pathological studies. The clinical manifestations of these tumors are usually nonspecific, and they are easily misdiagnosed or missed.

Repair effect analysis of mesenchymal stem cell conditioned media from multiple sources on HUVECs damaged by high glucose.

Background: The therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may be partly attributed to their secretion growth factors, cytokines and chemokines. In various preclinical studies, the use of MSC-conditioned media (CM) has demonstrated promising potential for promoting vascular repair.

Methods: To gain a comprehensive understanding of the variations in conditioned media derived from different sources of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) including umbilical cord, adipose and bone marrow, we investigated their reparative effects on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) subjected to damage induced by high glucose.

AOH1996 targets mitochondrial dynamics and metabolism in leukemic stem cells via mitochondrial PCNA inhibition.

Cytoplasmic proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is highly expressed in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells, supporting oxidative metabolism and leukemia stem cell (LSC) growth. We report on AOH1996 (AOH), an oral compound targeting cancer-associated PCNA, which shows significant antileukemic activity. AOH inhibited growth in AML cell lines and primary CD34 + CD38 - blasts (LSC-enriched) in vitro while sparing normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs).

Review of Applications of Microneedling in Melasma.

Background: Melasma, a common skin pigmentation disease, can negatively impact patients' mental health, social interactions, and physical appearance. Although we now have several treatments accessible, such as medicines, chemical peels, and phototherapy, which can help ease symptoms to some extent, the requirement for a long-term effective and safe treatment for patients is far from met. In the face of this problem, microneedling, as an innovative treatment, provides a new avenue for treating melasma.

Chinese guidelines for ultrasound-guided thermal ablation of thyroid nodules (2024 Edition).

The Chinese Guidelines for Ultrasound-guided Thermal Ablation of Thyroid Nodules (2024 edition) were jointly initiated by the Ultrasound Committee of Chinese Medical Association, the Interventional Ultrasound Committee of Chinese Association of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, the Ultrasonic Intervention Committee of Chinese Colleges of Interventionalists, the Oncological Intervention Committee of Chinese Research Hospital Association, 37 multidisciplinary experts in interventional ultrasound, ultrasound medicine, endocrinology and thyroid surgery participated in the compilation of this guide, which expanded the depth and breadth of the perspective and enhanced the authority of the guide. Based on the systematic review of literatures related to ultrasound-guided thermal ablation of thyroid nodules and the professional opinions of experts, the guidelines define the indications and contraindications of thermal ablation, including pre-ablation evaluation and preparation, thermal ablation techniques and operational procedures, post-ablation follow-up, therapeutic effect evaluation, complications prevention and treatment, and the writing of medical documents for ablation. According to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE), a total of 17 objective and comprehensive recommendations were given.

Adiponectin deficiency prevents chronic colitis-associated colonic fibrosis via inhibiting CXCL13 production.

Introduction: Colonic fibrosis is a long-term complication of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), often leading to functional impairment, intestinal obstruction, and surgery. Adiponectin (APN) is an adipokine derived from adipocytes that plays a pleiotropic role in fibrosis regulation, depending on tissue and cell type specific or disease context, but its role in colonic fibrosis remains unclear.

Objective: To explore the role and involved mechanism of APN in chronic colitis-associated colonic fibrosis.

Role of the Forkhead box family protein FOXF2 in the progression of solid tumor: systematic review.

Background: FOXF2 was reported to involve in a variety of biological behaviors that include the development of the central nervous system, tissue homeostasis, epithelia-mesenchymal interactions, regulation of embryonic development, and organogenesis.

Purpose: Understanding how FOXF2 influences the growth and development of cancer could provide valuable insights for researchers to develop novel therapeutic strategies.

Results: In this review, we investigate the underlying impact of FOXF2 on tumor cells, including the transformation of cellular phenotype, capacity for migration, invasion, and proliferation, colonization of circulating cells, and formation of metastatic nodules.

Dynamic changes of gut microbiota between the first and second trimester for women with gestational diabetes mellitus and their correlations with BMI: a nested cohort study in China.

Introduction: Gut microbiota (GM) has been implicated in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), yet longitudinal changes across trimesters remain insufficiently explored.

Methods: This nested cohort study aimed to investigate GM alterations before 24 weeks of gestation and their association with GDM. Ninety-three Chinese participants provided fecal samples during the first and second trimesters.