Protective effect of ulinastatin against negative inflammatory response and organ dysfunction in acute aortic dissection surgery: The PANDA trial.

Ulinastatin is a protease-inhibiting drug with anti-inflammatory and other pharmacological properties. Little is known regarding its role following acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) surgery. We perform a randomized controlled trial to investigate the protective effect of ulinastatin against negative inflammatory response and organ dysfunction in ATAAD surgery (PANDA).

Artesunate-multiple pharmacological effects beyond treating malaria.

Artesunate, a semisynthetic derivative of artemisinin, is not only recommended as the first-line drug for treating severe malaria but is also a significant member of Artemisinin-based Combination Therapies (ACTs), used in combination with other artemisinin derivatives for treating uncomplicated malaria. Beyond its potent anti-malarial activity, artesunate has garnered considerable attention for its pharmacological effects, which encompass broad-spectrum anti-tumor, anti-viral, and anti-inflammatory properties. It has collectively demonstrated superior drug tolerance, low toxicity, and mild side effects in cell line experiments in vitro, experimental animal models, and clinical drug researches, as a monotherapy or in combination with other agents.

When multiple instance learning meets foundation models: Advancing histological whole slide image analysis.

Deep multiple instance learning (MIL) pipelines are the mainstream weakly supervised learning methodologies for whole slide image (WSI) classification. However, it remains unclear how these widely used approaches compare to each other, given the recent proliferation of foundation models (FMs) for patch-level embedding and the diversity of slide-level aggregations. This paper implemented and systematically compared six FMs and six recent MIL methods by organizing different feature extractions and aggregations across seven clinically relevant end-to-end prediction tasks using WSIs from 4044 patients with four different cancer types.

Life satisfaction around the world: Measurement invariance of the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age groups.

The Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) is a widely used self-report measure of subjective well-being, but studies of its measurement invariance across a large number of nations remain limited. Here, we utilised the Body Image in Nature (BINS) dataset-with data collected between 2020 and 2022 -to assess measurement invariance of the SWLS across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age groups (N = 56,968). All participants completed the SWLS under largely uniform conditions.

Ten Machine Learning Models for Predicting Preoperative and Postoperative Coagulopathy in Patients With Trauma: Multicenter Cohort Study.

Background: Recent research has revealed the potential value of machine learning (ML) models in improving prognostic prediction for patients with trauma. ML can enhance predictions and identify which factors contribute the most to posttraumatic mortality. However, no studies have explored the risk factors, complications, and risk prediction of preoperative and postoperative traumatic coagulopathy (PPTIC) in patients with trauma.

Rapid detection assays for Bacillus anthracis, Yersinia pestis, and Brucella spp. via triplex-recombinase polymerase amplification.

Background: Bacillus anthracis (B. anthracis), Yersinia pestis (Y. pestis), and Brucella spp.

Efficacy of Nebulized Budesonide and Systemic Corticosteroids During Hospitalization on All-Cause Mortality in AECOPD Patients: A Real-World Study.

Background: Guidelines specify steroids as therapy for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). However, the duration of survival benefit associated with steroids and the optimal dosage of nebulized budesonide (NB) during hospitalization remain unclear.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of hospitalized AECOPD patients.

PTPN23-dependent activation of PI3KC2α is a therapeutic vulnerability of BRAF-mutant cancers.

BRAF mutations drive initiation and progression of various tumors. While BRAF inhibitors are effective in BRAF-mutant melanoma patients, intrinsic or acquired resistance to these therapies is common. Here, we identify non-receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase 23 (PTPN23) as an alternative effective target in BRAF-mutant cancer cells.

Interobserver and sequence variability in the delineation of pelvic organs at risk on magnetic resonance images.

Background: This study evaluates the contouring variability among observers using MR images reconstructed by different sequences and quantifies the differences of automatic segmentation models for different sequences.

Patients And Methods: Eighty-three patients with pelvic tumors underwent T1-weighted image (T1WI), contrast enhanced Dixon T1-weighted (T1dixonc), and T2-weighted image (T2WI) MR imaging on a simulator. Two observers performed manual delineation of the bladder, anal canal, rectum, and femoral heads on all images.

The Impact of Hematologic Disorders on the Severity of Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis: A Comparative Study.

Hematologic diseases are considered important contributors to cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) cases. This retrospective study aims to compare the difference of the clinical and radiological characters between CVST patients with and without hematologic diseases. Consecutive hospitalized CVST patients with hematologic disorders constituted the hematologic disorder group, while that without identifiable risk factors comprised the control group in this study.

Increased Risk of Adjacent Segment Spondylolisthesis or Instability Following L5-S1 Versus L4-S1 Fixation for L5-S1 High-Grade Dysplastic Spondylolisthesis in Children.

Objective: High-grade dysplastic spondylolisthesis (HGDS) is a relatively rare condition mainly involving the L5/S1 segment of the spine and occurring in children and adolescents. Whether surgical fixation should be L5-S1 monosegmental or extended up to L4 remains controversial. This study aimed to compare clinical outcomes and the risk of adjacent segment spondylolisthesis between L5-S1 monosegmental fixation and L4-S1 double-segmental fixation for pediatric HGDS.

Expert consensus on classification and diagnosis of congenital orofacial cleft.

Congenital orofacial cleft, the most common birth defect in the maxillofacial region, exhibits a wide range of prognosis depending on the severity of deformity and underlying etiology. Non-syndromic congenital orofacial clefts typically present with milder deformities and more favorable treatment outcomes, whereas syndromic congenital orofacial clefts often manifest with concomitant organ abnormalities, which pose greater challenges for treatment and result in poorer prognosis. This consensus provides an elaborate classification system for varying degrees of orofacial clefts along with corresponding diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines.

Impact of EML4-ALK Variants and TP53 Status on the Efficacy of ALK Inhibitors in Patients With Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.

Background: The clinical implications of different EML4-ALK fusion variants remain poorly elucidated in the era of second-generation ALK inhibitors.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study, wherein patients diagnosed with locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer harboring EML4-ALK fusion were stratified into two cohorts based on their first-line treatment: Cohort 1 received alectinib, while Cohort 2 received crizotinib. Statistical analysis was employed to investigate the impact of different EML4-ALK variants and TP53 status on the efficacy of first-line ALK-TKIs.

The safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of an optimized dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonist (BGM0504) in healthy volunteers: A dose-escalation Phase I study.

Objective: Previous experiments have demonstrated that BGM0504, a GLP-1R/GIPR dual agonist drug by molecular dynamics-guided optimization, had enhanced agonistic activity compared to tirzepatide. This study aims to investigate its safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) in Chinese healthy volunteers.

Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled and dose-escalation Phase I study was conducted as follows: a single dose (2.

Efficacy of Dexamethasone as an Adjuvant for Scalp Nerve Blocks to Prolong Analgesia: A Prospective, Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Study.

Background: Scalp nerve blocks (SNB) may significantly reduce post-craniotomy pain (PCP) but only for a short period of time. Dexamethasone, as an adjuvant to local anesthetics, was reported to prolong the analgesia duration of never block; however, the addition of dexamethasone to SNB is rare. We therefore tested the hypothesis that dexamethasone as an adjuvant to bupivacaine in SNB is positive after craniotomy.

Ceftriaxone-induced hemolytic anemia managed successfully in a 54-year-old woman: a case report and literature review.

Ceftriaxone is widely used in clinical practice for its efficacy against infections. However, its increasing association with life-threatening immune hemolytic reactions urge clinicians to enhance recognition and maintain sharp vigilance. This report details a rare and severe case of ceftriaxone-induced hemolytic anemia (CIHA), hemodynamic instability and hemolytic crisis in a 54-year-old woman after intravenous infusion of ceftriaxone following a respiratory infection.

An allelic atlas of immunoglobulin heavy chain variable regions reveals antibody binding epitope preference resilient to SARS-CoV-2 mutation escape.

Background: Although immunoglobulin (Ig) alleles play a pivotal role in the antibody response to pathogens, research to understand their role in the humoral immune response is still limited.

Methods: We retrieved the germline sequences for the IGHV from the IMGT database to illustrate the amino acid polymorphism present within germline sequences of IGHV genes. We aassembled the sequences of IgM and IgD repertoire from 130 people to investigate the genetic variations in the population.

The Superior Glenoid Humeral Ligament's Role in Superior Labrum Anterior-Posterior Lesions and Subtype Classification Based on Arthroscopic Views: A Multicenter, Retrospective Study.

Background: Superior labrum anterior-posterior (SLAP) lesions are common shoulder injuries. The 10-type classification system has been widely used to diagnose SLAP lesions since it was proposed. However, growing evidence from arthroscopic studies indicates the existence of many SLAP lesions, especially those associated with superior glenoid humeral ligament (SGHL) injuries, that were not included in the initial classification.

Successful Treatment of Large Left Ventricular Thrombosis During Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO): A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

We report a rare complication of left ventricular giant thrombus in a patient with fulminant myocarditis after venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy. This case report offers simple anticoagulant treatment experiences to eliminate significant LV thrombosis in patient undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, so that patients do not need surgery.

Prevalence of infection in Chinese military personnel: A cross-sectional, multicenter-based study.

Background: () infection is a prevalent disease encountered in military internal medicine and recognized as the main cause of dyspepsia, gastritis, and peptic ulcer, which are common diseases in military personnel. Current guidelines in China state all patients with evidence of active infection with are offered treatment. However, the prevalence of infection and its regional distribution in the military population remain unclear, which hinders effective prevention and treatment strategies.

Involvement of the posterior limb of the internal capsule independently predicts the prognosis of patients with basal ganglia and thalamic hemorrhage.

Background: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the most lethal and devastating subtype of stroke. Basal ganglia hemorrhage and thalamic hemorrhage are the most common types of ICH, accounting for 50-70% of all ICH cases, leading to disability and death, and it involves the posterior limb of the internal capsule to varying degrees. In this study, we investigated the impact of varying degrees of the involvement of the posterior limb of the internal capsule on the prognosis of patients with basal ganglia and thalamic ICH and assessed whether it improves the predictive accuracy of the max-ICH score, an existing scale for ICH functional outcome.

Cystoscope-free ureteral stent removal: a safe and effective method during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Ureteral stent must be removed within a certain period, usually performed under the cystoscope. However, cystoscopic operations procedures carry risks such as urethral injury, hemorrhage, and infection. This study aimed to implement a cystoscope-free method for ureteral stent removal during the COVID-19 pandemic to mitigate the complications associated with cystoscopy, reduce the risk of cross-infection, and conserve medical resources and time.

Parvalbumin interneurons in the anterior cingulate cortex exhibit distinct processing patterns for fear and memory in rats.

The anterior cingulate cortex is responsible for multiple cognitive functions like fear, pain management, decision-making, risk and reward assessment, and memory consolidation. However, its cell-type-specific functions are not clearly understood. To reveal the selective functional role of Parvalbumin-expressing GABAergic interneurons in the ACC, we knocked down (KD) the PV gene in-vivo in rats.

The microbial communities and metabolic profiles of follicular fluid in patients with premature ovarian insufficiency.

Introduction: Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a condition characterized by ovarian dysfunction occurring before the age of 40, and its etiology is multifactorial, including genetic, immunological, infectious, environmental, and iatrogenic factors, with over half of the cases remaining unexplained. Whether the microbial communities and metabolites in follicular fluid, which is the direct microenvironment for oocyte survival, are related to POI has not been reported.

Methods: In this study, Follicular fluid samples of 26 patients with POI and 27 controls with a normal ovarian reserve were collected and analyzed using 16S rDNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics.