Cellular MSI-H score: a robust predictive biomarker for immunotherapy response and survival in gastrointestinal cancer.

Microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) is a critical biomarker for immunotherapy, yet primary resistance remains a significant challenge. Current MSI-H detection methods evaluate the proportion of MSI-H loci, termed molecular MSI-H score, which can be affected by intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH). To address this limitation, we propose evaluating MSI-H at the cellular level to improve the prediction of immunotherapy outcomes.

Colonic leiomyosarcoma with lung metastasis or lung cancer: A case report.

Colonic leiomyosarcoma is a tumor with a very low incidence and a high metastasis rate, mainly lung metastasis. This report provides insights into the future treatment. Thoracic puncture is necessary for patients with pulmonary nodules.

Advancements in the research of immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Esophageal cancer (EC) has a high mortality rate and poor prognosis. Most patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage or with distant metastasis, making surgery impossible. Traditional curative radiotherapy and chemotherapy have limited efficacy.

The rising roles of exosomes in the tumor microenvironment reprogramming and cancer immunotherapy.

Exosomes are indispensable for intercellular communications. Tumor microenvironment (TME) is the living environment of tumor cells, which is composed of various components, including immune cells. Based on TME, immunotherapy has been recently developed for eradicating cancer cells by reactivating antitumor effect of immune cells.

Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma transformation: A novel acquired drug resistance mechanism in colorectal adenocarcinoma.

Acquired resistance is a major problem limiting the clinical efficacy of treatments for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Histological transformation is an important mechanism underlying the acquired resistance of non-small cell lung cancer and prostate cancer to targeted therapy. However, no report has examined the role of histological transformation in mCRC.

The expression panel of CXCL9, GBP5, and IFNG is a potential pan-cancer biomarker to predict immunotherapy response.

Background: The effectiveness of immunotherapy has been validated in multiple cancers. However, not all patients benefit from immunotherapy, and its objective response rate is less than 30% in some cancers, so it is of great importance to find a pan-cancer biomarker that can effectively predict immunotherapy response.

Methods: Fifteen immunotherapy datasets were retrospectively analyzed to determine pan-cancer biomarkers to predict immunotherapy response.

Three-port transoral robotic thyroidectomy without axillary incision: A preliminary report of 20 cases in China.

Objective: Transoral scarless thyroid surgery has proven to be a popular alternative to traditional approaches. Transoral robotic thyroidectomy (TORT) has been reported using ports on the lower lip and axilla. Avoiding axillary incision can further reduce scars on the armpit.

Identification and validation of the cellular senescence-related molecular subtypes of triple negative breast cancer via integrating bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing data.

Patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) reportedly benefit from immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. However, the subtype-specific vulnerabilities of ICB in TNBC remain unclear. As the complex interplay between cellular senescence and anti-tumor immunity has been previously discussed, we aimed to identify markers related to cellular senescence that may serve as potential predictors of response to ICB in TNBC.

Characteristics and prognosis of distant metastasis after primary treatment for early-stage extranodal nasal-type natural killer/T-cell lymphoma from the China Lymphoma Collaborative Group database.

This study aimed to investigate the characteristics and prognosis of distant metastasis (DM) after primary treatment for early-stage extranodal nasal-type natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTCL). A total of 1619 patients from the China Lymphoma Collaborative Group database were retrospectively reviewed. The cumulative incidence of DM was assessed using Fine and Gray's competing risk analysis.

Using genotype to assist clinical surveillance: a retrospective study of Chinese familial adenomatous polyposis patients.

Without treatment, familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) patients will inevitably develop colorectal cancer (CRC) during lifetime. Yet, surgical trauma is a high risk of desmoid tumor (DT), one of the main causes of death in FAP patients. So far, the timing for colectomy is primarily based on the clinician's experience and the patient's preference; most patients undergo surgery at mid-20's.

Autophagic flux restoration of senescent T cells improves antitumor activity of TCR-engineered T cells.

Objectives: Although adoptive cell therapy with T-cell receptor-engineered T cells (TCR-Ts) has mediated effective antitumor responses in several cancers, senescence of T cells could impair the therapeutic effect of TCR-Ts. Thus, it is essential to elucidate the characteristics of senescent TCR-Ts and how to subsequently improve their antitumor effect. Here, we focused on the influence of autophagy on TCR-Ts, since autophagy is tightly associated with the regulation of T-cell activation, proliferation and differentiation.

Correlation between pathological features and protein expressions of TfR1, VEGF and MMP-9 in patients with osteosarcoma.

Objective: To analyze the pathological features of patients with osteosarcoma and the correlation of expressions of transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 in tumor tissue with the pathological features.

Methods: The tumor tissue and paracancerous tissue samples from 31 patients with osteosarcoma were collected before treatment to measure the expressions of TfR1, VEGF and MMP-9. Kaplan-meier curve was used to analyze the relationship of TfR1, VEGF and MMP-9 with the survival time of patients.

Surgeon-performed fine-needle aspiration for lymph nodes behind the big cervical vessels in papillary thyroid cancer.

Objective: This study aimed to describe the technique of surgeon-performed ultrasound (US)-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of cervical retrovascular lymph nodes in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) patients and analyze its efficacy.

Methods: This study included consecutive patients with retrovascular suspicious lymph nodes who had FNA performed by surgeons. The technique and efficacy of four different puncture routes were assessed.

Lateral neck multilevel fine-needle aspiration cytology and thyroglobulin estimation in papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Objective: To assess the accuracy of preoperative ultrasound-guided multilevel fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology and thyroglobulin (Tg) estimation in mapping metastatic levels in the lateral neck, in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).

Methods: Patients with PTC clinically metastasizing to the lateral neck who were initially treated at the Peking University Cancer Hospital from June 2018 to September 2020 were included. FNA was performed preoperatively in each suspicious neck level; cytological examination (FNA-C) and Tg measurement of the needle-washout fluid (FNA-Tg) were combined to determine metastasis.

CAN017, a novel anti-HER3 antibody, exerted great potency in mouse avatars of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with NRG1 as a biomarker.

CAN017 (AV-203), a novel anti-HER3 antibody, exerts very promising anti-tumor activities in several human tumor models. The aim of this study was to further investigated the efficacy and possible responsive biomarkers of CAN017 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) with Chinese characteristics. Two separate cohorts of ESCC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models including 24 (cohort 1 as training models, from Crown Bioscience Inc.

ENPP4 overexpression is associated with no recovery from Barrett's esophagus.

Early diagnosis and treatment of precancerous conditions of the esophagus is important to improve overall survival. Barrett's esophagus is the most common precancerous condition of the esophagus, and patients with Barrett's esophagus may develop tumor, maintain a precancerous condition, or recover. We analyzed miRNA and mRNA expression profiles from esophageal adenocarcinoma tissue and normal esophageal tissue in GEO database.

The combination of circRNA-UMAD1 and Galectin-3 in peripheral circulation is a co-biomarker for predicting lymph node metastasis of thyroid carcinoma.

The diagnosis of lymph node metastasis (LNM) by liquid biopsy is a novel concept prompted by the necessity to develop a more convenient and accurate method to guide the clinical management of early LNM in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). However, the sensitivity and specificity of many biomarkers are not high enough. We aimed to detect circRNAs from peripheral circulation that may be better associated with the prognosis of LNM in PTC.

Conditionally reprogrammed colorectal cancer cells combined with mouse avatars identify synergy between EGFR and MEK or CDK4/6 inhibitors.

Preclinical models, including patient-derived xenograft (PDX) and organoid and primary cell culture, are essential for studies of cancer cell biology and facilitate translational research and individualization of therapy. We explored the optimum preclinical model by modifying the conventional conditional reprogramming (CR) system followed by screening effective targeted drug combinations against colorectal cancer (CRC). By modifying the ingredients of the culture medium used in a conventional CR system, a novel individualized CR system (termed i-CR) was established.

Erratum: Histological characteristics following a long-term nitrate-rich diet in miniature pigs with parotid atrophy.

[This corrects the article on p. 6225 in vol. 8, PMID: 26261499.

Genome-scale CRISPR activation screening identifies a role of ELAVL2-CDKN1A axis in paclitaxel resistance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) may provide survival benefits for patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. However, tumor cells can display primary or secondary resistance to paclitaxel (PTX), a primary component of induction chemotherapy regimen. To identify genes capable of conveying PTX resistance, we performed a genome-wide CRISPR transcriptional activation library in human KYSE-180 cells.

Prognostic role of serum miRNA-16 in primary gastric lymphoma.

Primary gastric lymphoma (PGL) is the most common extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma. However, uniform criteria for treatment and outcome evaluation are lacking. MicroRNA-16 (miRNA-16) has been shown to exhibit tumor-suppressive properties in many cancers and is a good biomarker of prognosis.

Upregulation of C/EBPα contributes to colorectal cancer growth, metastasis and indicates poor survival outcome.

The function and clinical implication of transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα) in colorectal cancer (CRC) still remains undefined. In fact, C/EBPα has long been considered as a tumor suppressor in hematopoietic system and also found lowly expressed in numerous solid tumors. However, our results here for the first time showed that C/EBPα was unexpectedly upregulated and was an independent prognostic marker for patients with CRC.

Potential role for carbon nanoparticles to guide central neck dissection in patients with papillary thyroid cancer.

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the use and clinical utility of carbon nanoparticles as a lymph node tracer in the central neck lymph node dissection of patients with papillary thyroid cancer.

Methods: One hundred forty consecutive patients were divided into a carbon nanoparticle group (n = 70) and a control group (n = 70). All patients underwent total or near-total thyroidectomy with bilateral central neck dissection.