Circulating short-chain and branched short-chain fatty acids and the risk of incident type 2 diabetes: findings from the 4C study.

Previous studies suggested that fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and branched short-chain fatty acids (BCFAs) are associated with glucose regulation. However, the potential relationship between circulating SCFAs and BCFAs with incident diabetes risk in both men and women remains unidentified in prospective cohort studies. In this study, we examined a panel of nine serum SCFAs and BCFAs in 3414 subjects with incident diabetes, and matched normoglycemic controls from the China Cardiometabolic Disease and Cancer Cohort study.

Regulatory T Cell Metabolism: A Promising Therapeutic Target for Cancer Treatment?

Regulatory T (Treg) cells are essential for maintaining immune homeostasis by suppressing excessive immune responses. In the context of cancer, however, Tregs promote immune evasion and tumor progression, particularly through their unique adaptations within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Recent research has emphasized how metabolic characteristics shape Treg activation, migration, and immunosuppressive function, revealing the impact of metabolic pathways on Treg fitness in homeostasis and within the TME.

Prophylactic hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer after curative surgery: Final results of a phase II trial.

Objective: The trial was designed to evaluate the efficacy of prophylactic hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) with cisplatin for patients with locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC).

Methods: Between March 2015 and November 2016, a phase II clinical trial was performed. Fifty consecutive patients with LAGC were randomly assigned to two groups: the experimental group (radical gastrectomy + HIPEC with cisplatin + adjuvant chemotherapy) and the control group (radical gastrectomy + adjuvant chemotherapy).

Deep learning-based multi-task prediction of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy using multiscale whole slide images in breast cancer: A multicenter study.

Objective: Early predicting response before neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is crucial for personalized treatment plans for locally advanced breast cancer patients. We aim to develop a multi-task model using multiscale whole slide images (WSIs) features to predict the response to breast cancer NAC more finely.

Methods: This work collected 1,670 whole slide images for training and validation sets, internal testing sets, external testing sets, and prospective testing sets of the weakly-supervised deep learning-based multi-task model (DLMM) in predicting treatment response and pCR to NAC.

Composite score of PD-1 CD8 tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and CD57 CD8 tumor ascites lymphocytes is associated with prognosis and tumor immune microenvironment of patients with advanced high-grade serous ovarian cancer.

Objective: The expression of programmed death 1 (PD-1) on CD8 T cells is associated with their activation and exhaustion, while CD57 serves as a senescence marker. The impact of PD-1 and CD57CD8 T cells on the prognosis of patients with advanced high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) remain unclear.

Methods: We assessed the percentages of PD-1 and CD57CD8 T cells in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs, n=85) and tumor ascites lymphocytes (TALs, n=87) using flow cytometry.

Choroidal metastases from thoracic cancer: a retrospective study on clinical characteristics and treatment efficacy.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the clinical characteristics of choroidal metastases (CMs) and assess the efficacy of various treatment strategies for CMs in a specific patient cohort.

Methods: This retrospective case series study included 32 patients (38 eyes) diagnosed with CM at the Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, between 2009 and 2022. The cohort included 10 male patients (10 eyes) and 22 female patients (28 eyes), with a mean age of 52.

Inhibition of Putative Ibrutinib Targets Promotes Atrial Fibrillation, Conduction Blocks, and Proarrhythmic Electrocardiogram Indices: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis.

Background: The mechanism by which ibrutinib, a Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor, can elevate the risk of arrhythmias is not fully elucidated. In this study, we explored how inhibition of off-target kinases can contribute to this phenomenon.

Methods: We performed a Mendelian randomization analysis to examine the causal associations between genetically proxied inhibition of six putative ibrutinib drug targets (ErbB2/HER2, CSK, JAK3, TEC, BLK, and PLCG2) and the atrial fibrillation (AF) risk, proarrhythmic ECG indices, and cardiometabolic traits and diseases.

Computed Tomography-Based Habitat Analysis for Prognostic Stratification in Colorectal Liver Metastases.

Background: Colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) has a poor prognosis, and traditional prognostic models have certain limitations in clinical application. This study aims to evaluate the prognostic value of CT-based habitat analysis in CRLM patients and compare it with existing traditional prognostic models to provide more evidence for individualized treatment of CRLM patients.

Methods: This retrospective study included 197 patients with CRLM whose preoperative contrast-enhanced CT images and corresponding DICOM Segmentation Objects (DSOs) were obtained from The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA).

Fluorescence-guided Surgery for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: From Clinical Practice to Laboratories.

Fluorescence navigation is a novel technique for accurately identifying hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) lesions during hepatectomy, enabling real-time visualization. Indocyanine green-based fluorescence guidance has been commonly used to demarcate HCC lesion boundaries, but it cannot distinguish between benign and malignant liver tumors. This review focused on the clinical applications and limitations of indocyanine green, as well as recent advances in novel fluorescent probes for fluorescence-guided surgery of HCC.

Chinese Guidelines on the Management of Hepatic Encephalopathy in Cirrhosis (2024).

With progress in basic and clinical research on hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhosis worldwide, the Chinese Society of Hepatology of the Chinese Medical Association has invited experts in relevant fields to revise the 2018 "Chinese Guidelines on the Management of Hepatic Encephalopathy in Cirrhosis." The updated guidelines provide recommendations for the clinical diagnosis, treatment, and both primary and secondary prevention of hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhosis.

Framework nucleic acid-programmed aptamer-paclitaxel conjugates as targeted therapeutics for triple-negative breast cancer.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is highly invasive with a poor prognosis, and chemotherapy remains the clinical treatment of choice. Paclitaxel is a commonly used first-line chemotherapy drug, but its untargeted distribution poses clinical challenges. Inspired by antibody-drug conjugates, we develop a precisely structured framework nucleic acid-programmed aptamer-paclitaxel conjugate (FAPC) with chemically well-defined paclitaxel loading dosing, enabling the regulation of receptor-aptamer affinity to facilitate tumor-targeted chemotherapy.

Synthesis and Imaging of Novel CDK19-Targeted Tracers Incorporating an Albumin-Binding Moiety.

Cyclin-dependent kinase 19 (CDK19) is a potential target for the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. We have previously studied a series of CDK19-targeted PET tracers, but in-depth drug optimization is needed to improve the physiochemical properties of such large and polar tracers. The albumin strategy has received widespread attention in recent years, and we synthesized Ga-IRM-14a and Ga-IRM-14b based on the strategy.

Machine Learning-Based Discovery of a Novel Noncovalent MurA Inhibitor as an Antibacterial Agent.

The bacterial cell wall is crucial for maintaining the integrity of bacterial cells. UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyethylene transferase (MurA) is an important enzyme involved in bacterial cell wall synthesis. Therefore, it is an important target for antibacterial drug research.

Near-infrared (NIR) Fluorophores in Cancer Bioimaging and Therapy.

The development of multiple fluorescent agents has contributed to cancer diagnosis and therapy. Near-infrared (NIR) dyes have already been well studied and displayed significant potential in cancer bioimaging and therapy due to their unique characteristics. In the present literature, we illustrated the updated NIR classification and characteristics as well as their applications in (pre-) clinical cancer imaging and treatment.

Patient Education on Exercise Prehabilitation Among Patients Receiving Neoadjuvant Therapy for Cancer Surgery in China: A Mixed-Methods Study.

: Patients undergoing neoadjuvant therapy have ample time to engage in exercise prehabilitation. This study aimed to describe the current status, facilitators, and barriers of exercise prehabilitation among this population. : This sequential explanatory mixed-methods evaluation was conducted at a general tertiary hospital in Beijing.

Predicting PD-L1 in Lung Adenocarcinoma Using F-FDG PET/CT Radiomic Features.

: This study aims to retrospectively analyze the clinical and imaging data of 101 patients with lung adenocarcinoma who underwent [F]FDG PET/CT examination and were pathologically confirmed in the Department of Nuclear Medicine at Peking University Cancer Hospital. This study explores the predictive value and important features of [F]FDG PET/CT radiomics for PD-L1 expression levels in lung adenocarcinoma patients, assisting in screening patients who may benefit from immunotherapy. : 101 patients with histologically confirmed lung adenocarcinoma who received pre-treatment [F] FDG PET/CT were included.

Targeted Treatment of Sarcomas by Single Protein Encapsulated Doxorubicin with Undetectable Cardiotoxicity and Superior Efficacy.

As rare tumors, sarcomas represent ~0 [...

Performance Comparison of Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging (DKI), Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging (NODDI), and Diffusion Microstructure Imaging (DMI) in Predicting Adult-Type Glioma Subtype-A Pilot Study.

: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI), neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI), and diffusion microstructure imaging (DMI) in differentiating molecular subtypes of adult-type gliomas. : Standardized MRI was performed and evaluated in 59 patients with adult-type glioma. DKI, NODDI, and DMI parameter values were quantitatively evaluated in ROIs in contrast-enhancing/solid tumor tissue and five concentric shells with peritumoral tissue.

Suppresses the Proliferation and Invasion of Esophageal Cancer by Targeting TRIM22 and Inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3 and Erk Pathways.

Background: Tumor metastasis and poor drug efficacy are two of the most common causes of therapeutic failure in cancer patients. The underlying molecular mechanism requires further exploration, and novel effective curative strategies are urgently needed. Nature is a rich source of novel drugs, and () is a natural alkaloid with tremendous therapeutic potential.

Correlation between dietary vitamin B2 intake and helicobacter pylori infection in US adults: a cross-sectional study.

Objectives: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is a widely recognized factor in causing inflammation in the stomach and significantly increases the likelihood of developing gastric cancer. The relation between intake of vitamin B2 in the diet and testing positive for Helicobacter pylori is still unclear.

Engineered circular RNA-based DLL3-targeted CAR-T therapy for small cell lung cancer.

Purpose: Circular RNA (circRNA) has emerged as a promising RNA therapeutic molecule due to its enhanced stability and prolonged protein expression compared to messenger RNA (mRNA). Using circRNA to construct transient Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-T cells can mitigate the limitations of conventional viral vector-based CAR-T approaches, such as complex process and long-term side effects.

Methods: The study first reconfirmed the advantageous properties of circRNA, focusing on its stability and protein expression efficiency.

Lymphatic system is the mainstream for breast cancer dissemination and metastasis revealed by single-cell lineage tracing.

Cancer metastasis is the primary cause of cancer-related death, yet the forces that drive cancer cells through various steps and different routes to distinct target organs/tissues remain elusive. In this study, we applied a barcoding system based single-cell lineage tracing approach to study the metastasis rate and route of breast cancer cells and their interactions with the tumor microenvironment (TME) during metastasis. The results indicate that only a small fraction of cells, accounting for fewer than 3% of total barcodes, can intravasate from the primary site into the blood circulation, whereas more cells disseminate through the lymphatic system to different organs.

Validation for revision of the stage IIIA(T1N2) in the forthcoming ninth edition of the TNM classification for lung cancer.

Objectives: The 9th edition of the lung cancer tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging system downgrades certain non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients from stage IIIA (T1N2) to IIB(T1N2a). This study aimed to externally validate this stage adjustment.

Methods: Consecutive resected stage IIB and IIIA (the 9th edition of lung cancer TNM staging manual) NSCLC patients were included.

Targeting both death and paracaspase domains of MALT1 with antisense oligonucleotides overcomes resistance to immune-checkpoint inhibitors.

Targeting MALT1's paracaspase activity has been explored for B cell lymphoma and solid tumors. While the role of MALT1 in promoting cancer cell proliferation has been investigated, its involvement in immune evasion is unclear. Here we report that MALT1 promotes immune evasion through its paracaspase and death domain.

ABO blood group system correlates with preoperative serum PSA level in patients with prostate cancer.

We previously demonstrated that the non-O blood type is associated with a higher risk of aggressive prostate cancer (PCa) than the O blood type. However, the influence of the ABO blood phenotype on the exact risk stratification parameters, especially prostate-specific antigen (PSA), remains unknown. We retrospectively evaluated 426 patients with PCa underwent radical prostatectomy in our centers.