Efficacy and safety of multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitor AL2846 combined with gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer.

Pancreatic cancer patients urgently need new treatments, and we explored the efficacy and safety of combination therapy with AL2846 and gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer patients. This was a single-arm, single-center, open-label phase I/IIa study (NCT06278493). The dose-escalation phase was designed to evaluate the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of AL2846 combined with gemcitabine.

Hyperprogressive disease induced by PD-1 inhibitor monotherapy in lung adenocarcinoma with HER2 exon 20 insertion: report of two cases and review of literature.

Monotherapy with anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibody has been approved for the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer with positive programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression and oncogene wild type, which revealed survival benefit compared with chemotherapy. Nevertheless, certain patients develop rapid progression on anti-PD-1 inhibitor monotherapy. This novel pattern is called hyperprogressive disease (HPD), and the underlying mechanism and molecular characteristics still leaves not clear.

Prognostic Value of Surgical Resection for Non-small-cell Lung Cancer Patients Comorbid With Minimal Pleural Effusion.

Background: The proportion and impact of minimal pleural effusion (PE) on prognosis remain blurred in operable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who reported minimal PE on imaging.

Methods: Clinical and prognostic data of operable NSCLC patients who presented no distant metastasis, no direct pleural invasion, but minimal PE on preoperative imaging were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into surgical (81 cases) and non-surgical (10 cases) cohorts.

Molecular measurable residual disease before transplantation independently predicts survival and relapse risk in adult lysine methyltransferase 2a-rearranged acute myeloid leukemia.

Background: Patients with lysine methyltransferase 2a (KMT2A)-rearranged (KMT2A-r) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are assigned to intermediate-risk and adverse-risk categories at diagnosis. However, the value of molecular measurable residual disease (MRD) status in patients who have KMT2A-r AML before allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in adult cohorts has rarely been evaluated.

Methods: Patients with KMT2A-r AML who achieved complete remission and subsequently underwent allo-HSCT between January 2015 and January 2023 were included in this analysis.

Consensus on the lung cancer management after third-generation EGFR-TKI resistance.

Lung cancer is the most prevalent malignant tumour in the Asia-Pacific region. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 85% of lung cancers. Among these, the rate of mutations in Asian patients with lung adenocarcinoma is 40-60%.

TClC effectively suppresses the growth and metastasis of NSCLC via polypharmacology.

Despite significant advances in targeted therapies and immunotherapies, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) continues to present a global health challenge, with a modest five-year survival rate of 28 %, largely due to the emergence of treatment-resistant and metastatic tumors. In response, we synthesized a novel bioactive compound, ethyl 6-chlorocoumarin-3-carboxylyl L-theanine (TClC), which significantly inhibited NSCLC growth, epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), migration, and invasion and tumor growth and metastasis without inducing toxicity. TClC disrupts autocrine loops that promote tumor progression, particularly in stem-like CD133-positive NSCLC (CD133+ LC) cells, which are pivotal in tumor metastasis.

Unveiling the NEFH+ malignant cell subtype: Insights from single-cell RNA sequencing in prostate cancer progression and tumor microenvironment interactions.

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is a multifactorial and heterogeneous disease, ranking among the most prevalent malignancies in men. In 2020, there were 1,414,259 new cases of PCa worldwide, accounting for 7.3% of all malignant tumors.

Epidemiology of pulmonary embolism in China, 2021: a nationwide hospital-based study.

Background: Pulmonary embolism (PE) as a preventable and potentially fatal noncommunicable disease was believed to have a lower incidence in Asian populations compared to Western populations. However, the incidence and mortality rates of PE in China and the impact of venous thromboembolism (VTE) prevention system constructions on PE still lack nationwide evidence.

Methods: For this nationwide hospital-based observational study, we used data from the National Hospital Quality Monitoring System (HQMS) and public database in China.

Enhancing clinical complete response assessment in rectal cancer: integrating transanal multipoint full-layer puncture biopsy criteria: a systematic review.

There is currently a lack of standardized criteria for evaluating clinical complete response (cCR) in rectal cancer post-neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT), often resulting in discrepancies with true pathological complete response (pCR). Staging local lesions via MRI is challenged by tissue edema and fibrosis post-nCRT, while endoscopic biopsy accuracy is compromised by residual cancer foci in the muscular layer. Transanal local excision offers a relatively accurate assessment of lesion regression but poses challenges including impaired anal function and elevated complication rates.

To cleave or not and how? The DNA exonucleases and endonucleases in immunity.

DNA exonucleases and endonucleases are key executors of the genome during many physiological processes. They generate double-stranded DNA by cleaving damaged endogenous or exogenous DNA, triggering the activation of the innate immune pathways such as cGAS-STING-IFN, and enabling the body to produce anti-viral or anti-tumor immune responses. This is of great significance for maintaining the stability of the genome and improving the therapeutic efficacy of tumors.

Comparing ChatGPT-3.5 and ChatGPT-4's alignments with the German evidence-based S3 guideline for adult soft tissue sarcoma.

Clinical reliability assessment of large language models is necessary due to their increasing use in healthcare. This study assessed the performance of ChatGPT-3.5 and ChatGPT-4 in answering questions deducted from the German evidence-based S3 guideline for adult soft tissue sarcoma (STS).

Evaluation of the ability of large language models to self-diagnose oral diseases.

Large language models (LLMs) offer potential in primary dental care. We conducted an evaluation of LLMs' diagnostic capabilities across various oral diseases and contexts. All LLMs showed diagnostic capabilities for temporomandibular joint disorders, periodontal disease, dental caries, and malocclusion.

A cross-cohort study identifies potential oral microbial markers for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Current screening methods for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) face challenges such as low patient compliance and high costs. This study aimed to develop a model based on oral microbiome data for identifying ESCC. By analyzing 249 oral flora samples, we identified microbial markers associated with ESCC and constructed random forest classifiers that distinguished patients with ESCC from controls, achieving an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.

Impact of thrombocytopenia on failure of endoscopic variceal treatment in cirrhotic patients with acute variceal bleeding.

Background: Acute variceal bleeding (AVB), a life-threatening complication of liver cirrhosis, can be effectively treated by endoscopy, but there is a risk of early rebleeding after endoscopic variceal treatment (EVT). Thrombocytopenia is the most common hemostatic abnormality in liver cirrhosis. However, it is still unclear about whether thrombocytopenia increases the failure of EVT in cirrhotic patients with AVB.

New Posttranslational Modification Lactylation Brings New Inspiration for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Lactic acid (LA) is an essential glycolytic metabolite and energy source in the body, which is present in high levels in the synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and is a reliable indicator for identifying inflammatory arthritis. LA not only acts as an inflammatory amplifier in RA, recent studies have found that novel posttranslational modification (PTM) lactylation mediated by LA may also play a key role in RA. Single-cell sequencing showed that the RA lactylation score of patients with RA was significantly increased, and core lactylation-promoting genes, including NDUFB3, NGLY1, and other genes, were found to be potential biomarkers of RA.

Tumors in the setting of dupilumab use: A review of the literature.

Dupilumab is the first monoclonal antibody approved for treating moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD) and has significantly improved the quality of life of AD patients. However, the safety of dupilumab is yet unclear in the context of cancer. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the safety of dupilumab and its relationship with the progression and occurrence of tumors.

Ultrasound-Targeted Microbubble Destruction Enhances the Inhibitory Effect of Sonodynamic Therapy against Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

: To assess the anticancer effect of microbubbles (MBs) in combination with sinoporphyrin sodium (DVDMS)-mediated sonodynamic therapy (SDT) for the in vitro and in vivo treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). : HepG2 cells were used for in vitro experiments. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was detected using 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate and singlet oxygen sensor green in vitro and in solution, respectively.

Monitoring of Circulating Tumor DNA and Indication of De-Escalation Adjuvant Targeted Therapy for -Mutated NSCLC After Complete Resection.

Introduction: EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) is the standard adjuvant treatment for patients with stages IB to IIIA -mutated NSCLC. Nevertheless, adapting this approach to include a molecular residual disease (MRD)-guided de-escalation strategy warrants further investigation.

Methods: From January 2019 to December 2022, 71 patients with stages I to III NSCLC and (exon 19 deletion or L858R) mutations were enrolled in this observational study.

Tumor burden with AFP improves survival prediction for TACE-treated patients with HCC: An international observational study.

Background & Aims: Current prognostic models for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) undergoing transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) are not extensively validated and widely accepted. We aimed to develop and validate a continuous model incorporating tumor burden and biology for individual survival prediction and risk stratification.

Methods: Overall, 4,377 treatment-naive candidates for whom TACE was recommended, from 39 centers in five countries, were enrolled and divided into training, internal validation, and two external validation datasets.

PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors related adverse events: A bibliometric analysis from 2014 to 2024.

Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors are considered effective alternatives for the primary treatment of recurrent metastatic cancers. However, they can induce various adverse events affecting multiple organ systems, potentially diminishing patients' quality of life, and even leading to treatment interruptions. Adverse events related to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors differ from those associated with CTLA-4 inhibitors and are more commonly observed in the treatment of solid tumors.

Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab in patients with unresectable or metastatic mucosal melanoma: 3-year survival update and multi-omics analysis.

Background: Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab has shown promising efficacy in advanced mucosal melanoma in the multi-centre phase II study. This report updates 3-year survival outcomes and multi-omics analysis to identify potential response biomarkers.

Methods: Forty-three intention-to-treat (ITT) patients received intravenous administration of atezolizumab and bevacizumab every 3 weeks.

Illuminating the Role of Wound Healing-Related Hub Genes in Colorectal Adenocarcinoma: Molecular Mechanisms, Prognostic Implications, and Therapeutic Potential.

Background: Colorectal adenocarcinoma [COAD] is a prevalent and lethal form of cancer. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying COAD progression is crucial for developing effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

Methods: This study aims to explore wound healing-related genes in COAD and their potential roles in tumorigenesis and prognosis using in silico and in vitro methodology.

High-Throughput Screening and General Synthesis Strategy of Single-Atom Nanozymes for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Therapy.

Single-atom nanozymes (SAzymes), with their superior enzyme-like catalytic activity, have emerged as promising candidates for oncology therapeutics. The well-defined structures of SAzymes make them well predictable by experiences and theoretical calculation. However, the effects of metal center species and coordination environments on enzyme-like activity are variable, and screening catalytic activity by artificial experiments is challenging.

Artificial intelligence assisted real-time recognition of intra-abdominal metastasis during laparoscopic gastric cancer surgery.

Laparoscopic exploration (LE) is crucial for diagnosing intra-abdominal metastasis (IAM) in advanced gastric cancer (GC). However, overlooking single, tiny, and occult IAM lesions during LE can severely affect the treatment and prognosis due to surgeons' visual misinterpretations. To address this, we developed the artificial intelligence laparoscopic exploration system (AiLES) to recognize IAM lesions with various metastatic extents and locations.

Epidemiology of breast cancer in Chinese women from 1990 to 2021: a systematic analysis and comparison with the global burden.

Background: Breast cancer is a major global public health concern and a major cause of cancer-related mortality. In 2020, 8.3% of the total breast cancer deaths worldwide were reported from China, which highlighted the need to understand the epidemiological trends of breast cancer within the country.