Identification of chemical inhibitors targeting long noncoding RNA through gene signature-based high throughput screening.

Scalable methods for functionally high-throughput screening of RNA-targeting small molecules are currently limited. Here, an RNA knockdown gene signature and high-throughput sequencing-based high-throughput screening (HTS) were integrated to identify RNA-targeting compounds. We first generated a gene signature characterizing the knockdown of the long non-coding RNA LINC00973.

Interaction Between Autophagy and the Inflammasome in Human Tumors: Implications for the Treatment of Human Cancers.

Autophagy is a physiologically regulated cellular process orchestrated by autophagy-related genes (ATGs) that, depending on the tumor type and stage, can either promote or suppress tumor growth and progression. It can also modulate cancer stem cell maintenance and immune responses. Therefore, targeted manipulation of autophagy may inhibit tumor development by overcoming tumor-promoting mechanisms.

Automatic MRI-TRUS Fusion Technique for Transperineal Biopsy Guidance: From Preoperative Planning to Intraoperative Navigation.

Background: Targeted and systematic transperineal biopsy of lesions guided by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) fusion technique may optimize the biopsy procedure and enhance the detection of prostate cancer. We described the transperineal biopsy guided by an automatic MRI-TRUS fusion technique, and evaluated the accuracy and feasibility of this method in a prospective single-center study.

Methods: The proposed method focuses on automating the delineation of prostate contours in both the MRI and TRUS images, the registration and fusion of MRI and TRUS images, the generation and visualiztion of the systematic biopsy cores in their corresponding locations within the 2D and the 3D views, as well as the computation and visualiztion of needle trajectories from preoperative planning to intraoperative navigation.

Orchestrated desaturation reprogramming from stearoyl-CoA desaturase to fatty acid desaturase 2 in cancer epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis.

Background: Adaptative desaturation in fatty acid (FA) is an emerging hallmark of cancer metabolic plasticity. Desaturases such as stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) and fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2) have been implicated in multiple cancers, and their dominant and compensatory effects have recently been highlighted. However, how tumors initiate and sustain their self-sufficient FA desaturation to maintain phenotypic transition remains elusive.

EGFR Mutation Rates Correlate with Age at Diagnosis and Tumor Characteristics in Patients with Pulmonary Ground-Glass Opacities.

Background: To clearly reveal the correlations between tumor characteristics, age at diagnosis, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation rates in patients with pulmonary ground-glass opacities (GGOs).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 1473 patients with GGOs between January 2015 and May 2020 from two cancer centers. The tumor characteristics and EGFR mutation rates were compared between different age groups.

Gallstones, cholecystectomy, and cancer risk: an observational and Mendelian randomization study.

This study aimed to comprehensively examine the association of gallstones, cholecystectomy, and cancer risk. Multivariable logistic regressions were performed to estimate the observational associations of gallstones and cholecystectomy with cancer risk, using data from a nationwide cohort involving 239 799 participants. General and gender-specific two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was further conducted to assess the causalities of the observed associations.

Expert consensus on sequential surgery following conversion therapy based on combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors and antiangiogenic targeted drugs for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (2024 edition).

Up to half of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage, for which effective treatment options are lacking, resulting in a poor prognosis. Over the past few years, the combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors and anti-angiogenic targeted therapy has proven highly efficacious in treating advanced HCC, significantly extending patients' survival and providing a potential for sequential curative surgery. After sequential curative hepatectomy or liver transplantation following conversion therapy, patients can receive long-term survival benefits.

Developing dual-responsive quinolinium prodrugs of 8-hydroxyquinoline by harnessing the dual chelating sites.

The bidentate metal ion chelator 8-hydroxyquinoline (8-HQ) demonstrates significant potential in anticancer therapy but is hindered by adverse effects due to nonspecific chelation in normal tissues. The phenolic hydroxyl oxygen of 8-HQ has been extensively exploited to develop O-masked 8-HQ prodrugs aimed at achieving on-demand chelation. However, the equally crucial quinoline nitrogen for chelation remains underutilized.

Heterogeneity of cancer-associated fibroblast subpopulations in prostate cancer: Implications for prognosis and immunotherapy.

Background: Prostate cancer stands as the second most common malignancy among men, notorious for its intricate heterogeneity, especially evident in metastatic disease. This complexity presents substantial challenges in treatment efficacy and patient prognosis.

Objective: This study endeavors to elucidate the multifaceted roles of cancer-associated fibroblasts within the tumor microenvironment of prostate cancer, with a focus on their implications for disease prognosis and the potential for novel immunotherapeutic strategies.

Berberine Derivative B68 Promotes Tumor Immune Clearance by Dual-Targeting BMI1 for Senescence Induction and CSN5 for PD-L1 Degradation.

Promoting tumor cell senescence arrests the cell cycle of tumor cells and activates the immune system to eliminate these senescent cells, thereby suppressing tumor growth. Nevertheless, PD-L1 positive senescent tumor cells resist immune clearance and possess the ability to secret various cytokines and inflammatory factors that stimulate the growth of tumor cells. Consequently, drugs capable of both triggering senescence in tumor cells and concurrently diminishing the expression of PD-L1 to counteract immune evasion are urgently needed.

Expanding Cas12a Activity Control with an RNA G-Quadruplex at the 5' end of CRISPR RNA.

Precise control of Cas12a activity is essential for the improvement of the detection limit of clinical diagnostics and the minimization of errors. This study addresses the challenge of controlling Cas12a activity, especially in the context of nucleic acid detection where the inherent incompatibility between isothermal amplification and CRISPR reactions complicates accurate diagnostics. An RNA G-quadruplex (RG4) structure at the 5' end of crRNA is introduced to modulate Cas12a activity accurately without the need for chemical modifications.

Intravenous immunoglobulin ameliorates doxorubicin-induced intestinal mucositis by inhibiting the Syk/PI3K/Akt axis and ferroptosis.

Background: Chemotherapy-induced mucositis (CIM) significantly impacts quality of life and reduces survival in patients treated with specific chemotherapeutic agents. However, effective clinical treatments for CIM remain limited. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg), a therapeutic derived from pooled human plasma, is widely used to treat inflammatory diseases.

The Spatial Distribution of Brain Metastasis Is Determined by the Heterogeneity of the Brain Microenvironment.

It is now understood that brain metastases do not occur randomly but have distinct spatial patterns depending on the origin of the cancer. According to the "seed and soil" hypothesis, the final colonization of metastatic cells is the result of their adaptation to the altered environment. To investigate the most favorable microenvironment for brain metastasis, we analyzed neuroimaging data from 177 patients with breast cancer brain metastasis and 548 patients with lung cancer brain metastasis to create a replicable probabilistic map of metastatic locations.

DEK::AFF2 fusion-associated middle ear non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma: A case report.

Background: Primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the middle ear is rare, with non-keratinizing basaloid types being exceptionally uncommon. Distinguishing these cancers, often caused by viral factors (, human papillomavirus or Epstein-Barr virus), or specific genetic alterations (, bromodomain-containing protein 4-nuclear protein in or gene fused with FLI chromosomal rearrangement), from other cranial conditions, is difficult. The recently identified DEK::AFF2 non-keratinizing SCC (NKSCC) is a novel subtype, fitting the World Health Organization classification of head and neck neoplasms.

Association between major depressive disorder or depressive symptoms and the risk of vascular complications among patients with type 2 diabetes, and the mediating role of metabolic biomarkers: an analysis of the UK Biobank cohort.

Background: Depression is a severe mental disorder commonly co-morbid with diabetes, but it remains to elucidate whether depression is associated with the risks of a wide range of vascular complications in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and whether metabolic biomarkers may mediate this pathway.

Methods: We conducted this prospective analysis among the participants of the UK Biobank who were diagnosed with T2DM and free of vascular complications at baseline between March 13, 2006 and September 30, 2010. Major depressive disorder (MDD) was ascertained according to the hospital admission records and self-report of doctor-diagnosed conditions, while the presence of depressive symptoms was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-2.

Worldwide patterns and trends in ovarian cancer incidence by histological subtype: a population-based analysis from 1988 to 2017.

Background: Ovarian cancer (OC) is a heterogeneous malignancy with multiple histological subtypes, showing global variability in incidence. Temporal changes in diagnostic criteria and risk factors might influence the incidence and distribution of OC and its subtypes.

Methods: This study analyzed incidence patterns (2013-2017) and trends (1988-1992 to 2013-2017) of OC and its subtypes across 65 and 40 countries, respectively.

Preoperative Prediction of Breast Cancer Histological Grade Using Intratumoral and Peritumoral Radiomics Features from T2WI and DWI MR Sequences.

Background: Histological grade is an acknowledged prognostic factor for breast cancer, essential for determining clinical treatment strategies and prognosis assessment. Our study aims to establish intra- and peritumoral radiomics models using T2WI and DWI MR sequences for predicting the histological grade of breast cancer.

Methods: 700 breast cancer cases who had MRI scans before surgery were included.

detected in pleural effusion fluid: A case report.

is predominant in dental caries and is commonly observed in patients with oral diseases; however, its presence in patients with pleural effusion remains rare. Pleural effusion can arise from various causes, including malignant tumors, tuberculosis and bacterial infections. Concurrent infections involving bacteria, fungi and are infrequent.

Radiation-induced aerobic oxidation solvent-derived peroxyl radicals.

Oxidation is a fundamental transformation in synthesis. Developing facile and effective aerobic oxidation processes under ambient conditions is always in high demand. Benefiting from its high energy and good penetrability, ionizing radiation can readily produce various reactive species to trigger chemical reactions, offering another option for synthesis.

Association of cardiovascular disease on cancer: observational and mendelian randomization analyses.

Extensive research is needed to examine the association between cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer. The observational study is based on data collected from the 2005-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). To assess the connection between CVDs and cancer, we used a weighted multivariable logistic regression analysis with as many confounding factors as feasible included in the model.

Mechanistic insights into SIRT7 and EZH2 regulation of cisplatin resistance in bladder cancer cells.

Cisplatin (CDDP) resistance has been established to significantly impact Bladder Cancer (BCa) therapy. On the other hand, the crucial regulatory involvement of SIRT7 and EZH2 in bladder cancer development is well known. Herein, the collaborative regulatory roles and underlying mechanisms of SIRT7 and EZH2 in CDDP resistance in bladder cancer were explored.

Molecular and cellular mechanisms of PDAC progression based on RETN-CAP1-mediated macrophage-fibroblast crosstalk: Action of ITGB5 and ITGB1 recombinant proteins.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a very poor prognosis, and the main objective of this study was to reveal the specific mechanism of action of TN-CAP1-mediated macrophage-fibroblast crossinulation in the progression of PDAC, and to evaluate the function and potential therapeutic value of ITGB5 and ITGB1 recombinant proteins in this process. The expression of TN-CAP1 in tumor tissues of PDAC patients was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and compared with normal pancreatic tissues. The co-culture system of macrophages and fibroblasts was constructed using in vitro cell culture model.

Effective Bone Tissue Fabrication Using 3D-Printed Citrate-Based Nanocomposite Scaffolds Laden with BMP9-Stimulated Human Urine Stem Cells.

Effective repair of large bone defects through bone tissue engineering (BTE) remains an unmet clinical challenge. Successful BTE requires optimal and synergistic interactions among biocompatible scaffolds, osteogenic factors, and osteoprogenitors to form a highly vascularized microenvironment for bone regeneration and osseointegration. We sought to develop a highly effective BTE system by using 3D printed citrate-based mPOC/hydroxyapatite (HA) composites laden with BMP9-stimulated human urine stem cells (USCs).

GALNT6 drives lenvatinib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma through autophagy and cancer-associated fibroblast activation.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a significant global health challenge with limited treatment options. Lenvatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has shown promise but is often undermined by the development of drug resistance.

Methods: Utilizing high-throughput sequencing, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying lenvatinib resistance in HCC cells, with a focus on metabolic pathways.