Impact of Microcirculatory Dysfunction on Persistent Global Cerebral Edema After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: An Age-Stratified Analysis.

Background: Microcirculatory dysfunction is one of the most important pathophysiology mechanisms of global cerebral edema (GCE) after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Data regarding the impact of microcirculatory dysfunction on persistent GCE following aSAH are currently lacking. The aim of our study was to investigate whether microcirculatory dysfunction is correlated with persistent GCE in patients with aSAH across different age groups.

Synergistically Halogenated and Methoxylated Thiophene Additive Enables High-Performance Organic Solar Cells.

Morphology control plays a key role for improving efficiency and stability of bulk heterojunctions (BHJ) organic solar cells (OSCs). Halogenation and methoxylation are two separate ways successfully adopted in additives for morphology optimization. In this work, these two strategies are combined together.

Integrating multi-omics features enables non-invasive early diagnosis and treatment response prediction of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Background: Multi-omics features of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) can effectively improve the performance of non-invasive early diagnosis and prognosis of cancer. However, multimodal characterization of cfDNA remains technically challenging.

Methods: We developed a comprehensive multi-omics solution (COMOS) to specifically obtain an extensive fragmentomics landscape, presented by breakpoint characteristics of nucleosomes, CpG islands, DNase clusters and enhancers, besides typical methylation, copy number alteration of cfDNA.

Pharmacokinetics, mass balance, and metabolism of [C]PLB1004, a selective and irreversible EGFR-TKI in humans.

Purpose: PLB1004, developed by Beijing Avistone Biotechnology Co., Ltd., is a safe, highly selective, and efficient irreversible epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) employed in treating non-small-cell-lung-cancer (NSCLC).

Symmetry Breaking of FeN4 Moiety via Edge Defects for Acidic Oxygen Reduction Reaction.

Fe-N-C catalysts, with a planar D4h symmetric FeN4 structure, show promising as noble metal-free oxygen reduction reaction catalysts. Nonetheless, the highly symmetric structure restricts the effective manipulation of its geometric and electronic structures, impeding further enhancements in oxygen reduction reaction performance. Here, a high proportion of asymmetric edge-carbon was successfully introduced into Fe-N-C catalysts through morphology engineering, enabling the precise modulation of the FeN4 active site.

The Trx-Prx redox pathway and PGR5/PGRL1-dependent cyclic electron transfer play key regulatory roles in poplar drought stress.

Understanding drought resistance mechanisms is crucial for breeding poplar species suited to arid and semi-arid regions. This study explored the drought responses of three newly developed 'Zhongxiong' series poplars using integrated transcriptomic and physiological analyses. Under drought stress, poplar leaves showed significant changes in differentially expressed genes (DEGs) linked to photosynthesis-related pathways, including photosynthesis-antenna proteins and carbon fixation, indicating impaired photosynthetic function and carbon assimilation.

Intensifying Interfacial Reverse Hydrogen Spillover for Boosted Electrocatalytic Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia.

Rational regulation of active hydrogen (*H) behavior is crucial for advancing electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR) to ammonia (NH3), yet in-depth understanding of the *H generation, transfer, and utilization remains ambiguous, and explorations for *H dynamic optimization are urgently needed. Herein we engineer a Ni3N nanosheet array intimately decorated with Cu nanoclusters (NF/Ni3N-Cu) for remarkably boosted NO3RR. From comprehensive experimental and theoretical investigations, the Ni3N moieties favors water dissociation to generate *H, and then *H can rapidly transfer to the Cu via unique reverse hydrogen spillover mediating interfacial Ni-N-Cu bridge bond, thus increasing *H coverage on the Cu site for subsequent deoxygenation/hydrogenation.

High dose inactivated influenza vaccine inconsistently improves heterologous antibody responses in an elderly human cohort.

Background: Older adults often mount a weak immune response to standard inactivated influenza vaccines. To induce a stronger response and better protection, a high-dose (HD) version of the inactivated Fluzone vaccine is recommended for individuals >65 years of age. While better immunogenicity and protection against the vaccine strain has been shown, it is not known if the HD vaccine also induces a robust antibody response to heterologous strains.

Acquisition of Speech Prosody in a Non-native Tone Language by Children With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Purpose: Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often show abnormal speech prosody. Tonal languages can pose more difficulties as speakers need to use acoustic cues to make lexical contrasts while encoding the focal function, but the acquisition of speech prosody of non-native languages, especially tonal languages has rarely been investigated.

Methods: This study aims to fill in the aforementioned gap by studying prosodic focus-marking in Mandarin by native Cantonese-speaking children with ASD (n = 25), in comparison with their typically developing (TD) peers (n = 20) and native Mandarin-speaking children (n = 20).

Ferroelectric Optical Memristors Enabled by Non-Volatile Electro-Optic Effect.

Memristors enable non-volatile memory and neuromorphic computing. Optical memristors are the fundamental element for programmable photonic integrated circuits due to their high-bandwidth computing, low crosstalk, and minimal power consumption. Here, an optical memristor enabled by a non-volatile electro-optic (EO) effect, where refractive index modulation under zero field is realized by deliberate control of domain alignment in the ferroelectric material Pb(MgNb)O-PbTiO(PMN-PT) is proposed.

Enhancing CO2 Electroreduction to Multicarbon Products by Modulating the Surface Microenvironment of Electrode with Polyethylene Glycol.

Modulating the surface microenvironment of electrodes stands as a pivotal aspect in enhancing the electrocatalytic performance for CO2 electroreduction. Herein, we propose an innovative approach by incorporating a small amount of linear oligomer, polyethylene glycol (PEG), into Cu2O catalysts during the preparation of the CuPEG electrode. The Faradaic efficiency (FE) toward multicarbon products (C2+) increases from 69.

Vitamin A and its influence on tumour extracellular matrix.

Vitamin A is a crucial nutrient renowned for its role in visual health and cellular regulation. Its derivatives influence cell differentiation, proliferation, and tissue homeostasis, making them significant in cancer research due to their effects on both normal and tumour cells. This review explores the intricate relationship between vitamin A metabolism and the extracellular matrix (ECM) in cancer.

Derivation of Economic Values for Breeding Objective Traits of Chinese Holstein Dairy Cows Using a Bio-Economic Model.

Holstein cattle account for the largest proportion of dairy cattle in China. The current China Performance Index (CPI) consists mainly of production traits. To derive economic values (EV) of additional traits for balanced breeding programs, a bio-economic model is necessary.

The Associations Between Myopia and Fundus Tessellation in School Children: A Comparative Analysis of Macular and Peripapillary Regions Using Deep Learning.

Purpose: To evaluate the refractive differences among school-aged children with macular or peripapillary fundus tessellation (FT) distribution patterns, using fundus tessellation density (FTD) quantified by deep learning (DL) technology.

Methods: The cross-sectional study included 1942 school children aged six to 15 years, undergoing ocular biometric parameters, cycloplegic refraction, and fundus photography. FTD was quantified for both the macular (6 mm) and peripapillary (4 mm) regions, using DL-based image processing applied to 45° color fundus photographs.

SH2D5 promotes lung adenocarcinoma cell metastasis and triggers EMT via activating AKT signaling pathway.

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common histological subtype of lung cancer, characterized by a high incidence in late stages, high mortality rate, and poor prognosis. Src Homology 2 Domain Containing Protein 5 (SH2D5) is a mammalian-specific, uncharacterized scaffolding protein, and its role in LUAD remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the function and potential mechanisms of SH2D5 in the progression of LUAD.

Age-Related Changes in Lens Elasticity Contribute More to Accommodative Decline Than Shape Change.

Purpose: To determine whether lens biomechanical or geometric changes contribute to the decline in the accommodative capacity of the human eye, and to examine any differences in zonular function between different age groups.

Methods: Eighteen finite element whole eye models were developed to simulate the accommodative process. Six models were constructed in each of the two age cohorts, from the fourth and the sixth decades of life using data from ex vivo human lenses.

Next-generation diabetes diagnosis and personalized diet-activity management: A hybrid ensemble paradigm.

Diabetes, a chronic metabolic condition characterised by persistently high blood sugar levels, necessitates early detection to mitigate its risks. Inadequate dietary choices can contribute to various health complications, emphasising the importance of personalised nutrition interventions. However, real-time selection of diets tailored to individual nutritional needs is challenging because of the intricate nature of foods and the abundance of dietary sources.

The swelling mechanism of ethylene-vinyl acetate polymer in different solvents molecular dynamics and experimental studies.

Ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) film is the predominant encapsulation material in crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules, the efficient and eco-friendly processing of which is essential for the recycling of the modules. Among the various existing techniques, the chemical approach uses solvents to induce swelling and dissolution on the EVA film to facilitate the separation of distinct layers. This method demonstrates the potential for achieving low-energy consumption and minimal-damage retrieval of the diverse materials within the components.

Qualitative and quantitative nondestructive determination of cyanide in water and distilled spirits by Raman integrating sphere.

Cyanide often forms as a byproduct during the fermentation process of distilled spirits, and excessive amounts can cause damage to health. Cyanide poisoning is also common in alcoholic beverages and water. Therefore, the cyanide content measurement in water and distilled spirits is essential.

Complexity of intrinsic brain activity in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients: patterns, association with structural damage, and clinical disability.

Functional plasticity has been demonstrated in multiple sclerosis (MS) studies. However, the intrinsic brain activity complexity alterations remain unclear. Here, using a coarse-graining time-series procedure algorithm, we obtained multiscale entropy (MSE) from a retrospective multi-centre dataset (208 relapsing-remitting MS patients and 228 healthy controls).

Photolithographic Microfabrication of Microbatteries for On-Chip Energy Storage.

Microbatteries (MBs) are crucial to power miniaturized devices for the Internet of Things. In the evolutionary journey of MBs, fabrication technology emerges as the cornerstone, guiding the intricacies of their configuration designs, ensuring precision, and facilitating scalability for mass production. Photolithography stands out as an ideal technology, leveraging its unparalleled resolution, exceptional design flexibility, and entrenched position within the mature semiconductor industry.

Stimulation Effects Mapping for Optimizing Coil Placement for Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation.

The position and orientation of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) coil, which we collectively refer to as coil placement, significantly affect both the assessment and modulation of cortical excitability. TMS electric field (E-field) simulation can be used to identify optimal coil placement. However, the present E-field simulation required a laborious segmentation and meshing procedure to determine optimal coil placement.