Multiple Enzymes Expressed by the Gut Microbiota Can Transform Typhaneoside and Are Associated with Improving Hyperlipidemia.

The mechanism of multiple enzymes mediated drug metabolism in gut microbiota is still unclear. This study explores multiple enzyme interaction process of typhactyloside (TYP) with gut microbiota and its lipid-lowering pharmacological activity. TYP, with bioavailability of only 2.

Impact of EML4-ALK Variants and TP53 Status on the Efficacy of ALK Inhibitors in Patients With Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.

Background: The clinical implications of different EML4-ALK fusion variants remain poorly elucidated in the era of second-generation ALK inhibitors.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study, wherein patients diagnosed with locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer harboring EML4-ALK fusion were stratified into two cohorts based on their first-line treatment: Cohort 1 received alectinib, while Cohort 2 received crizotinib. Statistical analysis was employed to investigate the impact of different EML4-ALK variants and TP53 status on the efficacy of first-line ALK-TKIs.

Self-Immobilizing Fluorogenic Probe for In Situ Labeling of Granzyme B Activity in Host Immune Response to Bacterial Infections.

Bacterial infections, particularly those caused by drug-resistant bacteria, represent a pressing global health challenge. During the interaction between pathogen infection and host defense, bacterial infections initiate the host's immune response, which involves the activation of proteases that play a critical role in antibacterial defense. Granzyme B (GzmB), a key immune-related biomarker associated with cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), plays a pivotal role in this process.

Photobiomodulation Combined With Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Modulates the Polarization of Microglia.

Neuroinflammation plays a key role in the development of neurodegenerative diseases, with microglia regulating this process through pro-inflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 phenotypes. Studies have shown that human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) modulate neuroinflammation by secreting anti-inflammatory cytokines. Photobiomodulation (PBM), a non-invasive therapy, has demonstrated significant potential in alleviating neuroinflammation.

Burdens of Tracheal, Bronchus, and Lung Cancer From 1990 to 2021 in China Compared to the Global Projection of 2036: Findings From the 2021 Global Burden of Disease Study.

Background: Tracheal, bronchial, and lung cancers (TBL cancers) pose a significant global health challenge, with rising incidence and mortality rates, particularly in China. Studies from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD), 2021, can guide screening and prevention strategies for TBL cancer. This study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the burden of TBL cancers in China compared to global data.

miR-32533 Reduces Cognitive Impairment and Amyloid-β Overload by Targeting CREB5-Mediated Signaling Pathways in Alzheimer's Disease.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are associated with amyloid-β (Aβ) dysmetabolism, a pivotal factor in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study unveiled a novel miRNA, microRNA-32533 (miR-32533), featuring a distinctive base sequence identified through RNA sequencing of the APPswe/PSEN1dE9 (APP/PS1) mouse brain. Its role and underlying mechanisms were subsequently explored.

Programmed Transformation of Osteogenesis Microenvironment by a Multifunctional Hydrogel to Enhance Repair of Infectious Bone Defects.

Repair of infectious bone defects remains a serious problem in clinical practice owing to the high risk of infection and excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) during the early stage, and the residual bacteria and delayed Osseo integrated interface in the later stage, which jointly creates a complex and dynamic microenvironment and leads to bone non-union. The melatonin carbon dots (MCDs) possess antibacterial and osteogenesis abilities, greatly simplifying the composition of a multifunctional material. Therefore, a multifunctional hydrogel containing MCDs (GH-MCD) is developed to meet the multi-stage and complex repair needs of infectious bone injury in this study.

Genetically-modified activation strategy facilitates the discovery of sesquiterpene-derived metabolites from .

Genome mining has revealed that spp. possess numerous down-regulated or cryptic biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). This finding hinted that our investigation of fungal secondary metabolomes is limited.

Advanced 3D bioprinted liver models with human-induced hepatocytes for personalized toxicity screening.

The development of advanced models for assessing liver toxicity and drug responses is crucial for personalized medicine and preclinical drug development. 3D bioprinting technology provides opportunities to create human liver models that are suitable for conducting high-throughput screening for liver toxicity. In this study, we fabricated a humanized liver model using human-induced hepatocytes (hiHeps) derived from human fibroblasts via a rapid and efficient reprogramming process.

Prognostic impact of coronary microvascular dysfunction assessed by AMR in acute coronary syndrome patients with chronic kidney disease.

Background: Angiography-derived microcirculatory resistance (AMR) is proposed as a novel, pressure- temperature-wire-free and less-invasive method to evaluate coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD). This study aims to examine the prognostic role of CMD assessed by AMR in predicting adverse events in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included ACS with CKD patients in the China-Japan Friendship Hospital from January 2016 to November 2022.

Prognostic value of upper paratracheal lymph node resection in stage IB right‑sided lung cancer: A retrospective cohort study.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of upper paratracheal lymph node resection on the prognosis of patients with stage IB non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A retrospective analysis of 339 patients with upper lobe stage IB NSCLC who underwent surgery at Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center (Guangzhou, China) between 1999 and 2009 was conducted. The Cox regression model was used to investigate prognostic factors.

Strategies for specific multimodal imaging of cancer-associated fibroblasts and applications in theranostics of cancer.

Fibroblast activating protein (FAP) is up-regulated in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) of more than 90 % of tumor microenvironment and also highly expressed on the surface of multiple tumor cells like glioblastoma, which can be used as a specific target for tumor diagnosis and treatment. At present, small-molecule radiotracer targeting FAP with high specificity exhibit limited functionality, which hinders the integration of theranostics as well as multifunctionality. In this work, we have engineered a multifunctional nanoplatform utilizing organic melanin nanoparticles that specifically targets FAP, facilitating both multimodal imaging and synergistic therapeutic applications.

Integrating deep learning in public health: a novel approach to PICC-RVT risk assessment.

Background: Machine learning is pivotal for predicting Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter-related venous thrombosis (PICC-RVT) risk, facilitating early diagnosis and proactive treatment. Existing models often assess PICC-RVT risk as static and discrete outcomes, which may limit their practical application.

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of seven diverse machine learning algorithms, including three deep learning and four traditional machine learning models, that incorporate time-series data to assess PICC-RVT risk.

Unveiling the Origin of Copper Accumulation in Plasma with Aging.

Aging is intricately linked to various diseases including cancers, neurodegenerative disorders, and metabolic irregularities. Copper (Cu) overexposure has been found to be linked to many diseases during aging, particularly neurodegenerative diseases. Meanwhile, as an essential element, Cu has been implicated in key processes associated with aging, raising questions about its role in age-related health issues.

A comparative study of 4-hook anchor device with methylene blue for preoperative pulmonary nodule localization.

Background: Accurate localization of small pulmonary nodules (SPNs) during video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) is challenging due to the small size and deep location. Both the 4-hook wire technique and methylene blue are significant methods for preoperative localization of SPNs. This study aimed to compare the safety of both methods by monitoring and recording any surgery-related complications.

Association between carotid ultrasound features and the detection of functionally significant coronary artery stenosis: a prospective study based on quantitative flow ratio.

Background: Carotid ultrasound is a helpful approach for classifying cardiovascular risk. Quantitative flow ratio (QFR) is used to evaluate functionally significant coronary artery stenosis (CAS). The aim of this prospective study was to investigate the correlation between carotid artery features from carotid ultrasound and functionally significant CAS.

Blind spots in brain imaging: a pictorial essay.

Currently, radiologists must interpret large quantities of images and identify diseases on a daily basis. The minimization of errors is crucial for high-quality diagnostic imaging and optimal patient care. Brain imaging is frequently used in clinical practice; however, radiologists are prone to overlook some regions in brain imaging and make perceptual errors, thus leading to missed diagnoses.

MacNet: a mobile attention classification network combining convolutional neural network and transformer for the differentiation of cervical cancer.

Background: Cervical cancer remains a critical global health issue, responsible for over 600,000 new cases and 300,000 deaths annually. Pathological imaging of cervical cancer is a crucial diagnostic tool. However, distinguishing specific areas of cellular differentiation remains challenging because of the lack of clear boundaries between cells at various stages of differentiation.

Evolutionary patterns and research frontiers of artificial intelligence in age-related macular degeneration: a bibliometric analysis.

Background: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) represents a significant clinical concern, particularly in aging populations, and recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have catalyzed substantial research interest in this domain. Despite the growing body of literature, there remains a need for a comprehensive, quantitative analysis to delineate key trends and emerging areas in the field of AI applications in AMD. This bibliometric analysis sought to systematically evaluate the landscape of AI-focused research on AMD to illuminate publication patterns, influential contributors, and focal research trends.

Enhancement of the nontumor component in newly diagnosed glioblastoma as a more accurate predictor of local recurrence location: a multicenter study.

Background: Although the spatial heterogeneity of glioblastoma (GBM) can be clearly mapped by the habitats generated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the means to accurately predicting the spatial location of local recurrence (SLLR) remains a significant challenge. The aim of this study was to identify the different degrees enhancement of GBM, including the nontumor component and tumor component, and determine their relationship with SLLR.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed from three tertiary medical centers, totaling 728 patients with 109 radiation-induced temporal lobe necrosis (TLN) of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and 619 with GBM.

Diagnostic value of greyscale ultrasound combined with superb microvascular imaging in thyroid nodules: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Superb microvascular imaging (SMI) is an advanced form of Doppler flow imaging which has advantages in tiny vessels and low-speed flow. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of combining greyscale ultrasound (US) with SMI in differentiating between benign and malignant thyroid nodules.

Methods: A search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science for relevant studies published till 25 October 2023 that investigated the combined use of greyscale US and SMI to differentiate between benign and malignant thyroid nodules.

Applying aperture-based intensity map in automated plan review of volumetric modulated arc therapy for lung cancer patients.

Background: Volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) is a popular radiotherapy technique in the clinic. As consisting of hundreds of control points in a VMAT plan it is more complex and time consuming than those conventional treatment modalities, such as intensity modulated radiation therapy. To improve the efficiency and accuracy of its quality assurance procedure, a novel automated anomaly detection method was proposed.

Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Mediates the Causal Effect of Genetically Predicted Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis on Spinal Stenosis: Evidence From a Mendelian Randomization Study.

Background: Previous studies have noted an association between diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) and spinal stenosis (SS), although causation is unclear. This study used Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the causal relationship between the two.

Methods: We utilized large GWAS datasets on DISH and SS to perform a two-sample, bidirectional MR analysis, also quantifying the mediating role of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD).

Prognostic significance of pathological response and lymph node status in neoadjuvant immunotherapy for potentially resectable non-small cell lung cancer.

Objective: To evaluate the predictive value of pathological response and lymph node status on progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with potentially resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) receiving neoadjuvant immunotherapy.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 143 patients with potentially resectable NSCLC who underwent neoadjuvant immunotherapy followed by surgical resection. Pathological response, lymph node involvement, and clinical outcomes were comprehensively assessed using Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression.