Gilteritinib versus salvage chemotherapy in predominantly Asian patients with relapsed/refractory FLT3-mutated acute myeloid leukemia: a regional analysis of COMMODORE in China, South-East Asia, and Russia.

The COMMODORE study demonstrated the efficacy and safety of gilteritinib versus salvage chemotherapy (SC) treatment in a predominantly Asian population with relapsed/refractory (R/R) FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3)-mutated() acute myeloid leukemia (AML); here we present an exploratory analysis of the study stratified by region (China, South-East Asia and Russia). COMMODORE was a Phase 3, open-label, randomized (1:1), multicenter trial. There were 151, 50, and 33 patients in the China, South-East Asia, and Russia cohorts, respectively.

Unlocking germination: the role of mycorrhizal strain and seed provenance in driving seed germination of a widespread terrestrial orchid.

Orchids represent an important component of biodiversity in many ecosystems worldwide, notwithstanding their seed germination and distribution may to a large extent be determined and influenced by mycorrhizal fungi. While it is commonly assumed that widespread orchids are mycorrhizal generalists, the degree to which mycorrhizal diversity supports seed germination remains relatively underexplored. In this study, we investigated the role of a variety of Ceratobasidium fungi in supporting seed germination of the widespread terrestrial orchid Gymnadenia conopsea across China.

Balanced diet quality and risk of upper gastrointestinal cancers: Insights from a prospective cohort study in China.

Upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancers are highly prevalent in China and have been linked to dietary factors, yet the impact of overall diet quality remains underexplored. This study aimed to assess the association between Chinese diet quality, as measured by the Chinese Diet Balance Index 2016 (DBI-16) and plant-based diet index (PDI), and UGI cancer risks in high-risk populations. We conducted a prospective cohort study from 2017 to 2019 in five high-risk regions of China.

Improvement of Nasal Airway Morphology and Ventilation in Patients With Cleft Lip Nasal Deformity by Repositioning of Lower Lateral Cartilage.

Objective: This study introduces a modified surgical approach to improve the nasal morphology and ventilation function of cleft lip patients by repositioning the lower lateral cartilage.

Methods: This study concluded 28 patients with unilateral cleft lip nasal deformity. All patients underwent modified rhinoplasty by repositioning lower lateral cartilages between October 2022 and April 2024.

Altered gut microbiota and metabolite profiles in community-acquired pneumonia: a metagenomic and metabolomic study.

Unlabelled: Emerging evidence suggests that altered gut microbiota is linked to community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), but the potential mechanisms by which gut microbiota and its metabolites contribute to the development of CAP remain unclear. Fecal samples from 32 CAP patients and 36 healthy controls were analyzed through metagenomic sequencing and metabolomic profiling. The gut microbiota composition in CAP patients showed significant differences and lower diversity compared to healthy controls.

The Potential of Model-Free Parameters Derived From IVIM in Evaluating Pathological Indicators and Long-Term Survival in NPC.

Background: IVIM is a useful quantitative tool for predicting prognosis, but it is labor-intensive. Simplified b-value settings and post-processing could be more practicable for clinical applications.

Purpose: To assess the value of model-free parameters (virtual MR elastography [vMRE] and signature-index [S-index]) derived from IVIM in evaluating pathological indicators and long-term survival in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), and to compare those with model-based parameters.

Radionuclide-activated luminescence for cancer theranostics.

Within dielectric media, charged particles emitted from medical radionuclides induce polarization of surrounding molecules, which subsequently generate Cerenkov luminescence (CL) upon returning to their ground state. This CL emission confers clinically approved radiotracers with distinctive potential for applications in phototheranostics. However, the utility of CL in vivo has been severely constrained by its ultraviolet-weighted emission spectrum and extremely low photon flux, particularly in living imaging and triggering photodynamic therapy.

Upregulation of Receptor Interacting Protein 1 Induced by UVB Contributes to Photodamage of the Skin Through NF-κB Pathway In Vivo and In Vitro.

Background: Ultraviolet (UV) B can reach the epidermis and superficial dermis of the skin, inducing sunburn, inflammation, immunosuppression, cancer, and so on. Our former research found that receptor interacting protein (RIP) 1 could be upregulated in human dermal fibroblasts(HDFs) after UVB irradiation by using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry techniques. Besides, our further research found that RIP1 was involved in the UVB-induced production of ROS and MMPs in HDFs.

DockEM: an enhanced method for atomic-scale protein-ligand docking refinement leveraging low-to-medium resolution cryo-EM density maps.

Protein-ligand docking plays a pivotal role in virtual drug screening, and recent advancements in cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) technology have significantly accelerated the progress of structure-based drug discovery. However, the majority of cryo-EM density maps are of medium to low resolution (3-10 Å), which presents challenges in effectively integrating cryo-EM data into molecular docking workflows. In this study, we present an updated protein-ligand docking method, DockEM, which leverages local cryo-EM density maps and physical energy refinement to precisely dock ligands into specific protein binding sites.

In Situ Biomimetic Glycocalyx Layer Protects Endothelial Damage in Xenotransplantation.

Xenotransplantation offers a transformative solution to the global organ shortage crisis. However, the survival of xenografts remains limited despite various proposed strategies. In this study, we present an endothelial cell protection strategy that extends graft survival through the construction of biomimetic glycan-enriched nanofibers.

The Compensatory Effect of S375F on S371F Is Vital for Maintaining the Infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variants.

The emergence of Omicron variants dramatically changed the transmission rate and infection characteristics compared to previously prevalent strains, primarily due to spike protein mutations. However, the impact of individual mutations remained unclear. Here, we used virus-like particle (VLP) pseudotyped to investigate the functional contributions by 12 common mutations in the spike protein.

Application of Spatial Omics in the Cardiovascular System.

Cardiovascular diseases constitute a marked threat to global health, and the emergence of spatial omics technologies has revolutionized cardiovascular research. This review explores the application of spatial omics, including spatial transcriptomics, spatial proteomics, spatial metabolomics, spatial genomics, and spatial epigenomics, providing more insight into the molecular and cellular foundations of cardiovascular disease and highlighting the critical contributions of spatial omics to cardiovascular science, and discusses future prospects, including technological advancements, integration of multi-omics, and clinical applications. These developments should contribute to the understanding of cardiovascular diseases and guide the progress of precision medicine, targeted therapies, and personalized treatments.

The CYP2D6 phenotyping performance of single-point saliva metabolic ratio in a healthy Chinese Han population.

The CYP2D6 plays critical roles in drug metabolism, and its inter-individual variability should be properly addressed in clinical practice. Our research aimed to assess the performance of single-point saliva metabolic ratio (MR) in a healthy Chinese Han population using dextromethorphan as the probe drug. MR was determined as the ratio of parent drug to metabolite in 3 h saliva, 3 h plasma, and 0-3 h urine post-ingestion.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of switching from a bivalent to a nonavalent HPV vaccination programme in China: a modelling study.

Background: Several domestically-manufactured nonavalent HPV vaccine candidates are in phase III clinical trials and their future availability may address the current dilemma of insufficient supply and high price of the overseas-manufactured nonavalent HPV vaccine in China. We compare the population-level effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of switching to nonavalent HPV vaccination in China.

Methods: We used a previously validated transmission model to project the lifetime costs and effectiveness of five same-vaccine and two mixed-vaccine strategies.

Quercetin-Loaded Nanoparticle-Modified Decellularized Tissue-Engineered Vascular Graft Regulates Macrophage Polarization and Promotes In Vivo Graft Remodeling.

Introduction: Arteriovenous graft (AVG) is an important option for establishing hemodialysis access in patients with end-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD). Decellularized tissue-engineered vascular graft (dTEVG), due to its excellent biocompatibility and regenerative potential, holds promise for use in AVG; however, poor remodeling remains a challenge. Quercetin (Qu) can effectively regulate macrophage polarization and promote tissue remodeling and regeneration, yet its low bioavailability limits its clinical application.

Prognostic Value of Changes in Combined Child-Pugh Class and ALBI Grade in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated with Transcatheter Intra-Arterial Therapy Plus Targeted Therapy and PD-(L)1 Inhibitors.

Purpose: This study aims to investigate liver function changes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients treated with transcatheter intra-arterial therapy plus molecular targeted agents and programmed cell death-1 (ligand-1) inhibitors, and evaluate the prognostic significance of the combination of Child-Pugh (CP) class and albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) grade (CP/ALBI).

Methods: This is a retrospective study. A total of 149 patients from 2019 to 2023 in China were included.

Enhancement of adipose stem cell quality via Cu-MON: Transcriptome and bioinformatics analysis of normal and diabetic stem cells.

Transplanted adipose stem cells (ASC) have a low survival rate in the body, and there are not many ASC that can be effectively used, which weakens their tissue repair function. Based on this status quo, a new type of copper-based metal-organic network (Cu-MON) was used to pretreat cells to regulate cell activity in order to improve the efficacy of cell therapy or reduce the number of cells used, thus reducing the cost of clinical treatment. Gene expression changes before and after Cu-MON treatment of normal donor adipose stem cells (ND-ASC) and type 2 diabetes mellitus adipose stem cells (T2DM-ASC) were evaluated through RNA sequencing, KEGG and GO enrichment analysis.

Performance of Four Screening Tools for Identifying Obstructive Sleep Apnea Among Patients with Insomnia.

Purpose: Co-morbid insomnia and sleep apnea are common in clinical practice. The existing OSA screening tools have not been fully validated in insomnia populations, and items measuring daytime function may be interfered with the presence of insomnia. This study aims to validate the performance of four commonly used OSA screening tools among individuals with and without insomnia.

The emerging role of neutrophil extracellular traps in autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases.

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are unique fibrous structures released by neutrophils in response to various pathogens, exhibiting both anti-inflammatory and proinflammatory effects. In autoimmune conditions, NETs serve as crucial self-antigens triggering inflammatory cascades by activating the inflammasome and complement systems, disrupting self-tolerance mechanisms and accelerating autoimmune responses. Furthermore, NETs play a pivotal role in modulating immune cell activation, affecting adaptive immune responses.

Dengue Virus and Lipid Metabolism: Unraveling the Interplay for Future Therapeutic Approaches.

In recent years, Dengue virus (DENV) has continued to pose significant health risks in tropical and subtropical areas worldwide, raising health alerts worldwide. It can cause hyperviremia in humans and can even lead to fatal clinical diseases. The life cycle of DENV is intricately linked to cellular lipids, and the virus selectively utilizes relevant enzymes involved in lipid metabolism to modulate the existing metabolic system in host cells during entry, replication, assembly, and other stages, thereby creating an environment conducive to its complete replication cycle.

[Advances in complement inhibition therapy for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria].

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is an acquired clonal hematologic disorder. Historically, most PNH patients mainly received supportive treatment, which led to poor quality of life and high mortality rates. The advent of downstream complement C5 inhibitors has dramatically changed the natural course of PNH.

[Familial erythrocytosis type 2 due to VHL germline mutations: a case report and literature review].

To enhance the understanding of familial erythrocytosis type 2 (ECYT2) resulting from compound heterozygous mutations in the VHL gene. We conducted a retrospective analysis of the case data from a patient with ECYT2 to investigate its pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment options, as well as prognosis, while also reviewing the relevant literature. A 31-year-old man was admitted to the hospital due to facial and hand flushing that had persisted for 29 years.

[Analysis of risk factors for early death in hyperleukocytic acute leukemia].

This study analyzed the clinical characteristics and early mortality risk factors in patients with hyperleukocytic acute leukemia (HAL) to provide a basis for predicting early prognosis. Data were retrospectively collected from 211 patients with primary HAL who visited the Emergency Center of the Hematology Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, between July 1, 2019 and November 30, 2021. The value of each indicator in early risk stratification and prognosis was analyzed.