Association between metabolic syndrome and benign prostatic hyperplasia: The underlying molecular connection.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), a common cause of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), has been recently regarded as a metabolic disease. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a constellation of metabolic disarrangements, including insulin resistance, obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, and it has been established that these components of MetS are important contributing factors exacerbating the degree of prostatic enlargement and bladder outlet obstruction among patients with BPH. Clinical and experimental studies demonstrated that many molecules, such as insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), androgen and estrogen, and adipokines, are involved in the overlapping pathogenesis of BPH and MetS, indicating that clinicians might be able to simultaneously alleviate or cure two diseases by choosing appropriate medications.

Incidence rate and treatment strategy of immune checkpoint inhibitor mediated hepatotoxicity: A systematic review.

Background: A hepatic adverse event (HAE) is defined as a liver injury that occurs following immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) administration in oncology Patients. Immune-mediated hepatotoxicity (IMH) is a type of HAE directly caused by ICI and is associated with immune system hyperactivation. HAE incidence varies across different clinical studies.

Hypoparathyroidism: Genetics and Diagnosis.

This narrative report summarizes diagnostic criteria for hypoparathyroidism and describes the clinical presentation and underlying genetic causes of the nonsurgical forms. We conducted a comprehensive literature search from January 2000 to January 2021 and included landmark articles before 2000, presenting a comprehensive update of these topics and suggesting a research agenda to improve diagnosis and, eventually, the prognosis of the disease. Hypoparathyroidism, which is characterized by insufficient secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) leading to hypocalcemia, is diagnosed on biochemical grounds.

The efficacy and safety of 5-Aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) as an adjunct therapy for symptoms in patients with dissecting cellulitis of the scalp: A retrospective study.

Background: Medicinal therapies such as systemic retinoids and antibiotics have shown efficacy in the treatment of dissecting cellulitis of the scalp (DCS), but refractory cases are common. 5-Aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) has been successfully used in medicine-resistant cases in recent years.

Methods: A total of 12 patients who received ALA-PDT in addition to formally failed medicinal therapies were interviewed by telephone regarding improvement of symptoms, satisfaction, and side effects.

Case report: a nonfunctioning juxtaglomerular cell tumor mimicking renal cell carcinoma.

Introduction: Based on existing literature, the juxtaglomerular cell tumor (JGCT) is a rare renal tumor, typically present with hypertension and hypokalemia. Nonfunctioning JGCT, without hypertension or hypokalemia, is extremely rare.

Patient Concerns: Herein, we report a case of nonfunctioning JGCT mimicking renal cell carcinoma.

Anatomical characteristics and classifications of gastrocolic trunk of Henle in laparoscopic right colectomy: preliminary results of multicenter observational study.

Background: As a key landmark during laparoscopic right colectomy, the classification and variation of the gastrocolic trunk of Henle (GTH) remains to be clarified. The aim of this nationwide multicenter study was to describe the characteristics of the GTH intra-operatively during laparoscopic right colectomies.

Methods: Three hundred seventy-one patients who underwent laparoscopic right colectomies from January 2018 to March 2019 in 25 hospitals across China were enrolled in the study.

Genetic Screening in a Large Chinese Cohort of Childhood Onset Hypoparathyroidism by Next-Generation Sequencing Combined with TBX1-MLPA.

At least 15 candidate genes have been implicated in hypoparathyroidism (HP). However, comprehensive screening of causative genes for HP is lacking. Here, we investigated the genotype spectrum in a large group of Chinese patients with childhood onset HP.

Neuronavigator-guided ventriculoscopic approach for symptomatic xanthogranuloma of the choroid plexus in the lateral ventricle.

Xanthogranuloma of choroid plexus is an extremely rare, benign, and mostly asymptomatic intracranial lesion. We report a case of symptomatic lateral ventricular xanthogranuloma resected via a neuronavigator-guided ventriculoscopic approach. Then we review recent English medical literature and notice that craniotomies have been the most popular treatment.

Management of cervical aortic arch complicated by multiple aneurysms.

Objectives: Cervical aortic arch with aneurysm formation is considered an extremely rare condition. Here, we summarize our experience in treating 8 patients. We validated extra-anatomic ascending-to-infrarenal abdominal aorta bypass through the retroperitoneal cavity without circulatory arrest as an alternative treatment for patients with a tortuous arch that was unsuitable for endovascular repair.

[HIV antibody detection results in patients seeking medical care in Peking Union Medical College Hospital, 2003-2014].

To better understand the infection status of HIV in the patients seeking medical care in Peking Union Medical College Hospital. The HIV detection data of the patients in the hospital from 2003-2014 were collected for a statistical analysis with software SPSS 19.0.

MiR-21 and MiR-155 promote non-small cell lung cancer progression by downregulating SOCS1, SOCS6, and PTEN.

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-associated death worldwide. MiR-21 and miR-155 are the most amplified miRNAs in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), and are critical promoters of NSCLC progression. However, it remains unclear how miR-21 and miR-155 induce cancer progression, and whether these miRNAs share common targets, such as tumor suppressor genes required to prevent NSCLC.

MicroRNA-181b negatively regulates the proliferation of human epidermal keratinocytes in psoriasis through targeting TLR4.

Our study aims to explore the role of microRNA-181b (miR-181b) and TLR in the regulation of cell proliferation of human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKs) in psoriasis. Twenty-eight patients diagnosed with psoriasis vulgaris were selected as a case group with their lesional and non-lesional skin tissues collected. A control group consisted of 20 patients who underwent plastic surgery with their healthy skin tissues collected.

Intravenous leiomyomatosis with inferior vena cava or intracardiac extension and concurrent bilateral multiple pulmonary nodules: A report of 2 cases.

Background: Intravenous leiomyomatosis is a special type of uterine leiomyoma and features formation and growth of benign leiomyoma tissue within vascular wall. Benign metastatic leiomyoma refers to benign leiomyoma metastasizing to extra-uterine sites, dominantly lung. Solitary or multiple small nodules in the lung can be seen in image scans.

[Primary pelvic retroperitoneal tumors: clinical analysis of 36 cases].

Objective: To explorer the diagnostic rationales for primary pelvic retroperitoneal tumors and summarize their clinical characteristics and treatments.

Methods: The clinicopathological data of total of 36 patients with primary pelvic retroperitoneal tumor, who visited Peking Union Medical Collage Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences because of pelvic mass from January 1986 and September 2013 were analysed retrospectively. And their clinical manifestations, accessory examination, surgical findings, postoperative pathological results and prognosis were summarized.

Effects of Smad3 on the proliferation and steroidogenesis in human ovarian luteinized granulosa cells.

Granulosa cells (GCs) are essential for proper oocyte, follicular development, and steroidogenesis in the ovary. Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily members are critical in regulating GCs growth and differentiation. Smad3 is known to serve as a signaling intermediate for the TGF-β; however, the functions of Smad3 in the human GCs remain unidentified.

Molecular mechanisms of paraquat-induced acute lung injury: a current review.

Paraquat is an organic heterocyclic herbicide that is widely used in agriculture, especially in Asian countries. The prevalence of paraquat poisonings has increased dramatically in the past two decades in China. Nearly all paraquat poisonings resulted from intentional or accidental oral administration leading to acute lung injury and, ultimately, acute respiratory distress syndrome.

[The microbiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of the infected knee arthroplasty].

Objectives: To describe the microbiology, antimicrobial susceptibility of patients proven prosthetic joint infection (PJI) after primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA)and to provide reference for the diagnosis and treatment of this complication.

Methods: The medical data of the patients with infected knee arthroplasty, who were managed with revision surgery between January 1995 to December 2011 were reviewed. Twenty-nine cases were identified and majority of the patients were female (23/29).

[Ursodeoxycholic acid inhibits hepatocyte-like cell apoptosis by down-regulating the expressions of Bax and Caspase-3].

Objective: To investigate the mechanism of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in hepatocyte apoptosis using differentiated hepatocytes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal cells.

Methods: Rat bone marrow mesenchymal cell was induced into mature hepatocytes in vitro and then treated with PBS (Cont), deoxycholic acid (DCA), DCA plus UDCA (U + D) or UDCA alone (UDCA). Cell apoptosis was detected by Hoechst staining and Caspase-3 activity measurement.

[Diagnosis and treatment of primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease report of 4 cases].

Objective: To study the diagnosis and treatment of primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD).

Methods: The clinical data including symptom, endocrinal examination, surgical operation and prognosis of 4 cases of PPNAD hospitalized from 2000 to 2007 were analyzed respectively, relative literature were reviewed.

Results: 1 case received total adrenalectomy needed adrenocortical hormone postoperatively, 3 cases responded favorably to subtotal adrenalectomy and did not need adrenocortical hormone, however, 1 case was diagnosed of thyroid carcinoma 2 years after subtotal adrenalectomy.

[Bone loss is more severe in younger Cushing's syndrome women than in older ones: comparison of bone mineral density between Cushing's syndrome and healthy women].

Objective: To investigate the influence of age on bone mass in Cushing's syndrome patients.

Methods: Measurement of bone mineral density (BMD) was conducted among 57 women with Cushing's syndrome (CS) and 49 healthy women. There were 14 CS women and 14 healthy women in the group aged 20 - 29; 27 CS women and 15 healthy women in the group aged 30 - 39; and 16 CS women and 20 healthy women in the group aged 40 - 49.

The effect of supplemental enteral glutamine on plasma levels, gut function, and outcome in severe burns: a randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial.

Background: This research was conducted to evaluate the effect of enterally administered glutamine (gln) dipeptide on metabolic, gastrointestinal, and outcome parameters after severe burn injury.

Methods: Forty thermally injured patients with total body surface burns ranging between 50% and 80%, and third-degree burns ranging between 20% and 40% and without respiratory injuries, were randomized into a prospective, double-blind, controlled clinical trial. One group received gln-enriched enteral nutrition and the other group received the standard enteral formulation.

[Clinical analysis of lower uterine segment pregnancy with heavy hemorrhage in inducing abortion].

Objective: To discuss the diagnosis and conservation managements for the lower uterine segment pregnancy complicating the first trimester inducing abortion cases.

Method: Four cases of lower uterine segment pregnancy that had heavy hemorrhage and received bilateral uterine artery embolization (UAE) were analysed.

Results: Four patients with previous caesarean section had torrential hemorrhage when they received inducing abortion in the first trimester.

[Aristolochic acid induced transdifferentiation and apoptosis in human tubular epithelial cells in vitro].

Objective: To examine the possible role of aristolochic acid (AA) in transdifferentiation and apoptisis of human tubular epithelial cell line (HKC).

Methods: Cultured HKC cells were divided into five groups: serum-free (negative control) and treatment with AA at the concentrations of 5 mg/L, 10 mg/L, 20 mg/L and 40 mg/L for 48 hours, respectively. Transdifferentiation of HKC cells was observed with the following methods: detection of the expression of vimentin and cytokeratin of HKC cells with indirect immunoflourescence, determination of expression of E-cadherin and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) by indirect immunohistochemical double staining, and determination of the proportion of alpha-SMA (+) HKC cells by flow cytometry.