Outpatient Prescribing Patterns for Uncomplicated Cystitis in Premenopausal Women With and Without an Allergy to Guideline-Recommended Antimicrobials: A Retrospective Analysis.

Objective: To determine if premenopausal women 18 to 50 years of age with uncomplicated cystitis who have an allergy to a guideline-recommended antimicrobial agent are less likely to receive guideline-preferred treatment compared to women without an allergy.

Methods: An electronic medical record report was used to identify females between the ages of 18-50 with a diagnostic code for acute uncomplicated cystitis at outpatient visits between December 1, 2017, through December 31, 2021. Patients with complicated urinary tract infections or pyelonephritis were excluded.

Value of Urinary Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin in Diagnosing Urinary Tract Infections in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

This study presents a comprehensive review of the literature regarding the use of urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL) as a diagnostic tool for urinary tract infection (UTI) in children. Meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of uNGAL in diagnosing UTI and differentiating acute pyelonephritis (APN) from other sites infection in pediatric patients. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library and EMBASE for reports published up to January 2023.

Management of Urinary Tract Infections and Vesicoureteric Reflux: Key Updates from Revised Indian Society of Pediatric Nephrology Guidelines 2023.

Non-specific symptoms and difficulty in collecting urine specimens make diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI) challenging in young children. However, timely diagnosis and initiation of therapy are essential to prevent complications. Children with recurrent UTIs require detailed evaluation and follow-up for optimal management.

Plasma and Urinary Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin as Predictors of Renal Parenchymal Involvement in Children with Febrile Urinary Tract Infection: A Pilot Study.

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are very common bacterial infections in children. Early detection of renal parenchymal involvement in this setting can help clinicians make more effective treatment choices. The aim of this pilot study was to assess the ability of plasma and urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (pNGAL and uNGAL) levels, measured using an automated system, to accurately predict renal parenchymal involvement in children with febrile UTIs.

Novel Antibiotics for Urinary Tract Infection (UTI): The EAGLE 2 and EAGLE-3 Trials for Uncomplicated UTI, and the CERTAIN-1 Trial for Complicated UTI.

Two novel antibiotics have been evaluated for the treatment of urinary tract infection (UTI). Gepotidacin was an efficacious first-in-class oral antibiotic in uncomplicated UTI in comparison to nitrofurantoin. Cefepime/taniborbactam was superior to meropenem in complicated UTI and acute pyelonephritis.

Update of the Spanish clinical practice guideline for urinary tract infection in infants and children. Summary of recommendations for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up.

The management of urinary tract infection (UTI) in infants and children has changed significantly over the past few decades based on scientific evidence that questioned the efficacy of strategies used to prevent kidney injury and subsequent progression to chronic kidney disease, which is very unlikely in most paediatric cases. However, there is still substantial heterogeneity in its management and uncertainty regarding the diagnosis, indication of imaging tests, treatment or follow-up in these patients. The Spanish clinical practice guideline has been updated through the review of the literature published since 2009 and a rigorous evaluation of current clinical practice aspects, taking into account the evidence on the benefits of each intervention in addition to its risks and drawbacks to attempt to provide more precise recommendations.

Monocyte-derived dendritic cells can be detected in urine of kidney transplant recipients with pathogenic asymptomatic bacteriuria.

Urinary tract infections (UTI) are an important clinical problem in kidney transplant recipients (KTR). Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) is frequent in these patients and often resolved by the immune system, but a significant proportion may progress to complicated UTI, which may compromise allograft function and survival. It is essential to determine the involvement of the immune system in the infectious process.

Defining complicated urinary tract infection and route of antibiotics in children presenting to the emergency department: a cohort study using the Melbourne RUPERT clinical score.

Objectives: Most children with uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTI) can be managed with oral antibiotics. However, identifying those likely to fail oral and need intravenous antibiotics due to complicating features at presentation is challenging. We aimed to derive, validate and test a score to guide initial antibiotic route.

PL1 and PM1 versus Placebo as Prophylaxis for Recurrence of Urinary Tract Infections in Children.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) rank among the most prevalent bacterial infections in children. Probiotics appear to reduce the risk of recurrence of UTIs. This study aimed to evaluate whether probiotics containing PL1 and PM1 therapy prevent UTIs in the pediatric population compared to a placebo.

Characteristics of urinary tract infections in children with positive urine culture for Aerococcusurinae.

Urinary tract infections caused by Aerococcus urinae have rarely been reported in children, and the clinical characteristics remain unclear. We reviewed medical records of children whose urine cultures grew A. urinae (≥10 CFU/mL) at a tertiary children's hospital in Tokyo, Japan.

Use of Fever Duration to Guide Management of Urinary Tract Infection.

Background: The appropriate duration of antimicrobial therapy for febrile urinary tract infection (fUTI) in children has not been established. This study examined the optimal duration of treatment for fUTI in children.

Methods: We created a protocol that used fever duration to determine the duration of antibiotic administration.

Outcomes associated with initial narrow-spectrum versus broad-spectrum antibiotics in children hospitalized with urinary tract infections.

Objective: The aim of this study is to describe the proportion of children hospitalized with urinary tract infections (UTIs) who receive initial narrow- versus broad-spectrum antibiotics across children's hospitals and explore whether the use of initial narrow-spectrum antibiotics is associated with different outcomes.

Design, Setting And Participants: We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of children aged 2 months to 17 years hospitalized with UTI (inclusive of pyelonephritis) using the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database.

Main Outcome And Measures: We analyzed the proportions of children initially receiving narrow- versus broad-spectrum antibiotics; additionally, we compiled antibiogram data for common uropathogenic organisms from participating hospitals to compare with the observed antibiotic susceptibility patterns.

Diagnosing and Managing Urinary Tract Infections in Kidney Transplant Recipients.

In the article, the authors review antibiotic treatment options for both acute uncomplicated UTI and complicated UTI. In addition, they review alternative regimens which are needed in the setting of drug-resistant pathogens including vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus, -extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E), carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales, and carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas, which are encountered with more frequency.

European Association of Urology Guidelines on Urological Infections: Summary of the 2024 Guidelines.

Background And Objective: Urological infections significantly impact the wellbeing and quality of life of individuals owing to their widespread occurrence and diverse clinical manifestations. The objective of the guidelines panel was to provide evidence-based guidance on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and male accessory-gland infections, while addressing crucial public health aspects related to infection control and antimicrobial stewardship.

Methods: For the 2024 guidelines on urological infections, new and relevant evidence was identified, collated, and appraised via a structured assessment of the literature.

A Genome-wide Association Study of Susceptibility to Upper Urinary Tract Infections.

Background: Our goal was to identify genetic and modifiable risk factors for upper urinary tract infections (UTIs).

Methods: We used data from UK Biobank, the Trøndelag Health Study, and the Michigan Genomics Initiative to conduct genome-wide association studies and sex-stratified analyses on upper UTI. Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were conducted to examine potential causal relationships between cardiometabolic risk factors and upper UTIs.

Scientific Advances in Understanding the Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Prevention of Urinary Tract Infection in the Past 10 Years.

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a very common disease that is accompanied by various complications in the affected person. UTI triggers diverse inflammatory reactions locally in the infected urinary bladder and kidney, causing tissue destruction and organ failure. Moreover, systemic responses in the entire body carry the risk of urosepsis with far-reaching consequences.