Intratracheal administration of budesonide with surfactant for prevention of death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia in extremely low birth weight infants - a before-after study.

Objectives: Previous studies have suggested a potential role for inhaled corticosteroids, such as budesonide, in reducing bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) among preterm infants. The objective of our study was to investigate the effectiveness of intratracheal administration of corticosteroid with surfactant on the composite outcome of death or BPD at 36 weeks in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants.

Study Design: This before-after cohort study compared outcomes in ELBW infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) who received intratracheal surfactant with budesonide to a historical cohort who received surfactant alone.

LPS Increases Artery but Not Airway Contraction in Precision Cut Lung Slices from a Mouse Model of ARDS.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) results in decreased quality of life, including increased risk of pulmonary hypertension (PH). In animal models, ARDS can be induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which can disrupt the pulmonary endothelium and epithelium and induce inflammation. We tested whether administration or treatment with LPS alters the reactivity of intrapulmonary arteries and airways to constrictors relevant to both ARDS and PH, using the precision cut lung slice (PCLS) technique.

Racial and Ethnic Differences in Outcomes of Neonates Born at Less Than 30 Weeks' Gestation, 2018-2022.

Importance: Previous research has examined outcomes among very preterm newborns by the birthing parent's race and ethnicity, but knowledge about these trends during the COVID-19 pandemic is limited.

Objective: To examine trends in outcomes among Black, Hispanic, and Asian preterm newborns compared with White preterm newborns.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cohort study (2018-2022) took place at 774 neonatal intensive care units in the Vermont Oxford Network.

[Research progress on the mechanism and target therapeutic value of pericytes in acute lung injury].

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a common respiratory disease in clinical practice, which can progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome and endanger the patient's life. Pericytes are a class of cells that directly contact the microvascular basement membrane in the microvascular bed and communicate with endothelial cells, and their distribution and interaction with endothelial cells help to define and maintain local microvascular characteristics. In recent years, pericytes have became one of the most important indicators of ALI.

A novel scoring system for the prediction of disease severity in STEC-HUS.

Background: Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (STEC-HUS) is a life-threatening condition complicated by acute kidney injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and central nervous system disorders. The early identification of high-risk patients is required to facilitate timely and appropriate treatment.

Methods: The medical records of patients with STEC-HUS treated at 11 hospitals in Hokkaido, Japan, were reviewed retrospectively.

OPtimal TIming of antenatal COrticosteroid administration in pregnancies complicated by early-onset fetal growth REstriction: results of a large, multicenter cohort study (the OPTICORE study).

Background: Early-onset fetal growth restriction as consequence of placental insufficiency frequently requires iatrogenic, preterm birth. Administration of antenatal corticosteroids reduces risks of neonatal morbidity and mortality following preterm birth and is most beneficial if the neonate is delivered within two weeks following treatment. International guidelines on fetal growth restriction pregnancies do not provide directives regarding the timing of antenatal corticosteroids, resulting in practice variation.

Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist improves survival, and its early application accelerates weaning in preterm infants.

Background: Evidence to show that neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) improves clinical outcomes is lacking. We aimed to analyze whether NAVA improves respiratory outcomes in preterm infants who require invasive mechanical ventilation.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in 122 very low birthweight infants who required invasive mechanical ventilation for more than 24 h at one tertiary neonatal intensive care unit in Korea from January 2016 to June 2023.

Surfactant administration and cerebral oxygenation and perfusion in preterm neonates - A systematic review of literature.

Background: Surfactant replacement is standard for preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome, improving survival and outcomes. Less invasive surfactant administration (LISA) and intubation-surfactant-extubation (INSURE) are preferred methods for surfactant replacement in spontaneously breathing preterm neonates. Despite the undeniable benefits of surfactant implementation in neonatal care, surfactant administration can affect vital parameters and cerebral oxygenation and perfusion, assessed by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS).

Perinatal risk factors and outcomes of pulmonary air leak in very-low-birth-weight preterm infants: A multicenter registry study in Taiwan.

Background: Pulmonary air leak may cause serious complications and mortality in neonates, especially preterm infants. Its incidence and perinatal risk factors in preterm infants might differ from those in term infants. We investigated the incidence, perinatal risk factors and morbidities associated with pulmonary air leak in very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) preterm infants in Taiwan.

International multi-cohort analysis identifies novel framework for quantifying immune dysregulation in critical illness: results of the SUBSPACE consortium.

Progress in the management of critical care syndromes such as sepsis, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), and trauma has slowed over the last two decades, limited by the inherent heterogeneity within syndromic illnesses. Numerous immune endotypes have been proposed in sepsis and critical care, however the overlap of the endotypes is unclear, limiting clinical translation. The SUBSPACE consortium is an international consortium that aims to advance precision medicine through the sharing of transcriptomic data.

Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients with Different Variants of SARS-CoV-2 in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Thailand.

The different strains of SARS-CoV-2 were detected and labeled in 2021. Each strain differs in both clinical symptoms and severity. Previous studies found different clinical symptoms and treatment outcomes between outbreak waves; however, data in Southeast Asia were limited.

The impact of skin-to-skin contact upon stress in preterm infants in a neonatal intensive care unit.

Introduction: Neonatal stress significantly affects the early adaptation, maturation and long-term development of preterm infants.

The Objective Of The Study: To investigate the effect of skin-to-skin contact (SSC) on stress level in preterm infants.

Materials And Methods: The research was a prospective study.

Risk Factors and Clinico-laboratory Characteristics of Scrub Typhus in Children Admitted to a Tertiary Pediatric Hospital of Nepal.

Backgrounds: Scrub Typhus is a re-emerging illness with considerable morbidity and mortality and affected children have nonspecific sign symptoms. This study was conducted to find out the risk factors, clinical characteristics and laboratory profile and treatment outcome of scrub typhus among the children admitted in tertiary level pediatric hospital for febrile illness.

Methods: A case control study was conducted among hospitalized children with acute febrile illness in a government pediatric referral hospital of central Nepal for two years (2021 to Sept 2023), who were tested using Scrub Typhus Antibody Rapid Test Kit.