664 results match your criteria: "Pediatrics Reactive Airway Disease"
Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in Pediatric Asthma's Evolution and Management.
Antioxidants (Basel)
October 2024
Pediatrics, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania.
Article Synopsis
- Bronchial asthma is a common chronic respiratory condition in children that affects their overall quality of life due to exacerbations and persistent symptoms.
- The management of asthma has focused on improving lung function early in childhood to prevent long-term health issues, as early deficits can lead to significant problems in adulthood.
- Antioxidants play a crucial role in managing asthma by balancing oxidative stress in the lungs, and this review highlights the complex interactions between oxidative and antioxidative factors, pointing to future therapeutic approaches.
Impact of vitamin D on hyperoxic acute lung injury in neonatal mice.
BMC Pulm Med
November 2024
Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
Background: Prolonged exposure to hyperoxia can lead to hyperoxic acute lung injury (HALI) in preterm neonates. Vitamin D (VitD) stimulates lung maturation and acts as an anti-inflammatory agent. Our objective was to determine if VitD provides a dose-dependent protective effect against HALI by reducing inflammatory cytokine expression and improving alveolarization and lung function in neonatal mice.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDistinct lower respiratory tract microbiota profiles linked to airway mucus hypersecretion in children with pneumonia.
Front Microbiol
October 2024
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Background: Airway mucus hypersecretion (AMH) can occur in children with acute respiratory diseases, but its underlying mechanisms and relationship with the lower respiratory tract microbiota (LRTM) are not yet fully understood. This study investigates the characteristics of LRTM in children with pneumonia (MPP) and its impact on AMH.
Methods: We collected bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and related clinical indicators from 202 children with MPP.
Transiently boosting Vγ9+Vδ2+ γδ T cells early in Mtb coinfection of SIV-infected juvenile macaques does not improve Mtb host resistance.
Infect Immun
December 2024
Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Children living with HIV have a higher risk of developing tuberculosis (TB), a disease caused by the bacterium (Mtb). Gamma delta (γδ) T cells in the context of HIV/Mtb coinfection have been understudied in children despite evidence suggesting γδ T cells assist with Mtb control. We investigated whether boosting a specific subset of γδ T cells, phosphoantigen-reactive Vγ9+Vδ2+ cells, could improve TB outcome using a nonhuman primate model of pediatric HIV/Mtb coinfection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAn item bank to measure health-related quality of life among young children (0-5-years-old) affected by respiratory illnesses - expert stakeholders and end-users from the Western Cape, South Africa.
Health Qual Life Outcomes
October 2024
Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
Article Synopsis
- * A thorough three-phase process involving expert evaluations and cognitive interviews with caregivers in South Africa helped refine an initial item bank, ensuring content relevance and validation.
- * The final HRQoL item bank consists of 41 items divided into two age groups (0-2 years and 3-5 years) and covers various aspects like early childhood development, play, social interactions, and care routines, enhancing its comprehensiveness.
Neonatal Outcomes at 2 Years following Expectant Management of Previable Premature Prelabor Rupture of Membranes at a Single Center.
Am J Perinatol
September 2024
Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.
Previable premature prelabor rupture of membranes (pPPROM) can lead to significant maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Limited literature exists describing long-term outcomes in neonates surviving pPPROM. Our study describes 2-year survival and outcomes after expectantly managed pPPROM at a single, tertiary, academic center.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRole of Myeloperoxidase, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia.
Antioxidants (Basel)
July 2024
Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Suite C410, Children Corporate Center, 999N 92nd Street, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a lung complication of premature births. The leading causes of BPD are oxidative stress (OS) from oxygen treatment, infection or inflammation, and mechanical ventilation. OS activates alveolar myeloid cells with subsequent myeloperoxidase (MPO)-mediated OS.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMinimal effects after a massive intravenous terbutaline overdose in a child.
BMJ Case Rep
August 2024
Division of Medical Toxicology, Ronald O. Perelman Department of Emergency Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
A 22-kg female in early childhood with a history of reactive airway disease presented to a paediatric emergency department with acute shortness of breath, tachypnoea and wheezing. Despite treatment with albuterol and corticosteroids, her bronchospasm persisted, prompting the administration of terbutaline. The patient received 220 mcg (10 mcg/kg) terbutaline intravenously, followed immediately by an inadvertent supratherapeutic intravenous dose of 10 000 mcg (454.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBacterial Tracheitis: A New Presentation of a Well-Known Disease.
Cureus
July 2024
Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Centro Materno Infantil do Norte, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, PRT.
Article Synopsis
- - Bacterial tracheitis (BT) is a rare but serious condition that can lead to severe airway obstruction, primarily exhibiting symptoms like stridor, fever, and rapid breathing, with a recent increase in respiratory distress cases.
- - A case study of a five-year-old boy highlights rapid clinical deterioration despite treatment attempts, including corticosteroids and nebulized epinephrine, ultimately requiring intubation due to respiratory failure.
- - The case emphasizes the need for healthcare professionals to recognize classic and evolving symptoms of BT and be prepared for immediate invasive interventions, as effective treatment can lead to significant recovery.
Transiently boosting Vγ9+Vδ2+ γδ T cells early in Mtb coinfection of SIV-infected juvenile macaques does not improve Mtb host resistance.
bioRxiv
July 2024
Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Children living with HIV have a higher risk of developing tuberculosis (TB), a disease caused by the bacterium (Mtb). Gamma delta (γδ) T cells in the context of HIV/Mtb coinfection have been understudied in children, despite evidence suggesting γδ T cells assist with Mtb control. We investigated whether boosting a specific subset of γδ T cells, phosphoantigen-reactive Vγ9+Vδ2+ cells, could improve TB outcome using a nonhuman primate model of pediatric HIV/Mtb coinfection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA Community-Guided Approach to Bronchiolitis: A Needs Assessment and Illness Perception Study.
J Patient Exp
July 2024
University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Nemours Children's Health Department of Pediatrics, Orlando, FL, USA.
Article Synopsis
- * Conducted through a questionnaire, the research analyzed the perceptions and needs of 75 caregivers of children with acute respiratory illnesses, measuring various factors such as personal barriers and illness perceptions.
- * Key findings highlight the importance of clarifying medical terms and addressing knowledge gaps among caregivers to improve treatment approaches and acceptance for respiratory conditions in children.
Transcriptional analysis of primary ciliary dyskinesia airway cells reveals a dedicated cilia glutathione pathway.
JCI Insight
July 2024
Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Article Synopsis
- Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a genetic condition that affects tiny hair-like structures called cilia, making them not work properly.
- Researchers studied cells from patients with PCD, their mothers, and healthy people to understand how these cells are different.
- They found specific genes and proteins that were linked to problems in cilia movement, which could help develop new treatments for PCD in the future.
Plastic Bronchitis in Children: A Review of 55 Cases over a 10-Year Period.
Int J Pediatr
June 2024
Department of Pediatrics The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Article Synopsis
- ...The study reviewed the clinical characteristics and treatment experiences of 55 patients diagnosed with plastic bronchitis (PB), primarily in children with a median age of 5.3 years over a period from 2012 to 2022.
- ...Common symptoms included cough and fever, with the most frequent signs being moist rales and dyspnea, while respiratory infections were a main cause in many cases.
- ...Timely removal of airway casts via bronchoscopy proved to be the most effective treatment, with a low overall mortality rate of 3.6% after intervention.
[Clinical phenotyping of severe pneumonia in children].
Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi
July 2024
Department Ⅱ of Respiratory Center, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China.
Article Synopsis
- * Patients were categorized into severe and non-severe groups based on the development of lower airway obliterans, with severe cases further divided into lung-necrosis and non-lung-necrosis subtypes.
- * Key findings highlighted that severe cases were more associated with high fever and bronchial obstruction; analysis involved various statistical methods to compare clinical and inflammatory markers between groups.
Outcomes of a dexamethasone-prednisone combination treatment course for status asthmaticus.
J Asthma
December 2024
Division of Pediatric Hospital Medicine, Medical College of WI, Children's Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
Objectives: Dexamethasone has become the standard of care for pediatric patients with status asthmaticus in the emergency department (ED) setting. Inpatient providers often must decide between continuing the second dose of dexamethasone or transitioning to prednisone. The effectiveness of receiving dexamethasone followed by prednisone (combination therapy) compared to only prednisone or dexamethasone remains unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExploring the Interplay between Asthma and Hemoglobinopathies: A Comprehensive Review.
J Clin Med
May 2024
Department of Woman, Child and of General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy.
Article Synopsis
- - Asthma, a chronic respiratory condition, is linked to hemoglobinopathies like thalassemia and sickle cell disease (SCD), with studies showing a higher prevalence of asthma in these patients—around 30% in thalassemia and 20-48% in SCD.
- - The presence of asthma in SCD can worsen respiratory symptoms and increase risks for severe complications, including acute chest syndrome and early mortality, indicating a significant impact on patient health.
- - Research suggests that chronic inflammation and immune dysregulation in hemoglobinopathies may contribute to the development of asthma, highlighting the need for collaboration among healthcare professionals to better manage these intertwined conditions.
Potential pandemic risk of circulating swine H1N2 influenza viruses.
Nat Commun
June 2024
Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Article Synopsis
- Influenza A viruses in swine are genetically diverse and can potentially become pandemics for humans, largely due to low immunity in the population.
- The study introduces a method to assess and prioritize the risk of influenza viruses and analyzes two specific swine-origin strains, particularly focusing on the α-H1 clade strain (α-swH1N2).
- Findings show that while humans lack immunity to α-swH1N2, the virus replicates well in human airway cultures and can spread efficiently among ferrets, indicating it has significant pandemic potential, though prior immunity reduces its impact.
ALKBH5 Modulates Asthma Progression by Downregulating N6-methyladenosine Methylation.
Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol
April 2024
Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.
Article Synopsis
- Asthma is a chronic lung condition marked by inflammation and excessive mucus, and researchers are focusing on new treatment methods, particularly involving the m6A methylation process.
- In this study, scientists examined how the demethylase ALKBH5 affects asthma by using an interleukin-13 (IL-13) model to mimic asthma conditions in the lab, where they knocked down ALKBH5 in bronchial epithelial cells.
- Results showed that knocking down ALKBH5 boosted cell survival and proliferation while reducing signs of ferroptosis (cell death), highlighting its role in regulating asthma-related cell functions through m6A modification and the enzyme GPX4.
Prevalence and Severity of COVID-19 among Pediatric Patients with Atopy: A Cross-sectional Study in Kerman, Southeast Iran.
Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol
April 2024
Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine Afzalipour Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates how atopy (allergic conditions) affects COVID-19 prevalence and severity in children in Kerman, Iran, by analyzing data from 1,007 children and adolescents in 2022.
- Findings show that over half (53.5%) had a history of COVID-19, with most cases (75.9%) being mild, and different types of atopy influenced infection rates and severity variably.
- The research suggests that allergic rhinitis may provide some protection against severe COVID-19, while asthma seems to be correlated with higher infection rates, highlighting the complexity of the relationship between atopy and COVID-19 in young patients.
Use of Optical Redox Imaging to Quantify Alveolar Macrophage Redox State in Infants: Proof of Concept Experiments in a Murine Model and Human Tracheal Aspirates Samples.
Antioxidants (Basel)
April 2024
Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Article Synopsis
- Emerging data suggest lung macrophages could be a new biomarker for classifying disease endotypes in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a chronic lung condition in infants, with potential for targeting therapies.
- The study employed Optical Redox Imaging (ORI) to analyze how mouse alveolar macrophages respond to oxidative stress induced by heme oxygenase (HO) and caffeine treatment, noting significant changes in redox status.
- Additionally, ORI was applied to tracheal aspirate samples from premature infants, revealing variability in macrophage redox states and intriguing correlations with gestational age and airway pressure, highlighting ORI's potential for further research in BPD.
Cost-effectiveness of nasal high-flow in children with acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure.
J Paediatr Child Health
June 2024
Paediatric Research in Emergency Departments International Collaborative (PREDICT), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Article Synopsis
- A pilot trial compared nasal high-flow (NHF) therapy with standard oxygen therapy (SOT) in children with acute respiratory failure to evaluate therapy escalation and hospital stay length.
- The study used a decision tree model to analyze cost-effectiveness from a healthcare perspective, focusing on incremental costs per length of stay avoided across different patient types.
- Results indicated NHF may be cost-effective for non-obstructive patients needing escalated care, but generally, it is unlikely to be more cost-effective than SOT for most other groups.
Methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) Epigenetically Modulates Glutathione Peroxidase 4 (GPX4) Expression to Affect Asthma.
Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol
December 2023
Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China.
Article Synopsis
- - This study investigates the role of Methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) in asthma, revealing its expression is significantly lower in asthma models compared to controls.
- - METTL3 overexpression was found to improve cell viability and proliferation, counteracting oxidative stress indicators, indicating its protective role in asthma.
- - The research highlights METTL3's regulation of RNA stability through m6A modification, particularly affecting glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), suggesting new therapeutic targets for asthma treatment.
Redox Imbalance in Nasal Epithelial Cells of Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Patients.
Antioxidants (Basel)
February 2024
Valencia University Clinical Hospital Research Foundation, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria INCLIVA, Avda. Menéndez y Pelayo, 4, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
Article Synopsis
- Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare condition that affects the movement of cilia, leading to mucus buildup and recurrent respiratory infections.
- This study compared nasal epithelial cells from 35 PCD patients to 35 healthy individuals, measuring various oxidative stress markers and cellular functions.
- Findings showed that PCD patients had lower levels of harmful reactive species and increased mitochondrial mass, indicating a potential imbalance towards a reductive state in their respiratory cells.
Nasal hyperreactivity in allergic rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis with polyps: a role for neuronal pathways.
Rhinology
June 2024
KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, Leuven, Belgium; University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck surgery, Leuven, Belgium;KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Otorhinolaryngology, Leuven, Belgium.
Article Synopsis
- Nasal hyperreactivity (NHR) is common in chronic upper airway conditions like allergic rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, primarily driven by type 2 inflammation.
- In a study involving 18 healthy controls and 45 patients, cold dry air provocation tests showed that NHR significantly reduced nasal airflow in patients, correlating subjective experiences with objective measurements.
- Findings suggest that NHR varies in severity and is influenced by factors like neurogenic inflammation and increased histamine levels, indicating a spectrum of reactivity rather than a simple presence or absence.