Acute mastoiditis: 30 years review in a tertiary hospital.

Objective: Acute mastoiditis, the most common complication of acute otitis media, is approached in our study, focused on children from the Autonomous Community of Cantabria, Spain. The aim is to analyze its clinical-epidemiological characteristics and propose diagnostic and treatment recommendations.

Study Design/setting: We conducted a 30-year retrospective study on patients under 18 years of age diagnosed with acute mastoiditis in Cantabria.

Pediatric cochlear implantation in otitis media with effusion: Are ventilation tubes truly necessary?

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the clinical findings of our cochlear implant (CI) patients with otitis media with effusion (OME) and CI patients treated with ventilation tube (VT) for OME.

Methods: The medical records of patients who underwent CI surgery at Hacettepe University, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, between November 1997 and March 2023 were reviewed. Patients who had OME or VT in the implanted ear at the time of surgery were included in the study.

Definition of sinonasal and otological exacerbation in patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia: an expert consensus.

Background: Recurrent infections of the nose, sinuses and ears are common problems for people with primary ciliary dyskinesia. While pulmonary exacerbations in primary ciliary dyskinesia are defined, there is no definition for ear-nose-throat exacerbations, a potential outcome for research and clinical trials.

Methods: We set up an expert panel of 24 ear-nose-throat specialists, respiratory physicians, other healthcare professionals and patients to develop consensus definitions of sinonasal and otological exacerbations in children and adults with primary ciliary dyskinesia for research settings.

Burden of invasive pneumococcal disease, non-invasive all-cause pneumonia, and acute otitis media in hospitalized US children: a retrospective multi-center study from 2015 to 2020.

Background: Despite effective pneumococcal vaccines, pneumococcal disease (PD) exerts a substantial burden on children. This study explored the clinical and economic burden of invasive PD (IPD), non-invasive all-cause pneumonia (ACP), and acute otitis media (AOM) in hospitalized children.

Methods: Data from the BD Insights Research Database of hospitalized children (< 18 years, including infants and children) in the US were analyzed retrospectively.

Impact of COVID-19 on Pneumococcal Acute Otitis Media, Antibiotic Resistance, and Vaccination in Children.

Streptococcus pneumoniae is the main pathogen that plays a dual role, on the one hand as an asymptomatic carrier in the nasopharyngeal mucosa and on the other hand directly responsible for triggering invasive pneumococcal infections with various important localizations, especially in the pediatric population. Thus, invasive pneumococcal infections represent one of the main causes of mortality and morbidity in children under 5 years of age. Immunization is a key preventive measure against these infections.

The pneumococcal bacteriocin streptococcin B is produced as part of the early competence cascade and promotes intraspecies competition.

Unlabelled: is an important human pathogen that normally resides in the human nasopharynx. Competence-mediated bacteriocin expression by plays a major role in both the establishment and persistence of colonization on this polymicrobial surface. Over 20 distinct bacteriocin loci have been identified in pneumococcal genomes, but only a small number have been characterized phenotypically.

Clinical and molecular profile of 20 patients with DOCK8 deficiency-a single-center experience from Southern India.

DOCK8 deficiency is the most common cause of autosomal recessive hyper-IgE syndrome (AR-HIES). The clinical spectrum is wide resulting in combined immunodeficiency, atopy, autoimmunity, and malignancies. To study the clinical and molecular profile of 20 patients with DOCK8 deficiency.

Navigating the Complication: Acute Mastoiditis Causing Cerebral Venous Thrombosis in an Adult.

Acute mastoiditis is an infection of the air cells in the mastoid and is primarily seen in the pediatric population. This disease usually occurs after patients develop otitis media, which can result in acute mastoiditis as a complication. Most patients usually present with generalized symptoms of an infection; however, in some instances, cerebral venous thrombosis can occur.

Long-term outcomes of surgical treatment for paediatric acute mastoiditis: the role of mastoidectomy.

Purpose: Despite the declining incidence of acute mastoiditis (AM) due to antibiotics, complications persist, necessitating surgical intervention in severe cases. Recent studies suggest conservative treatments, avoiding mastoidectomy, show high recovery rates. However, this trend raises concerns about severe complications, prolonged treatment, increased antibiotic use, and declining surgical skills.

Exploring the Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Rhinovirus Infection in Hospitalized Children Compared with Other Respiratory Viruses.

Background: Acute viral respiratory tract infections constitute a significant challenge in pediatric healthcare globally, with rhinovirus representing one of the primary etiological agents. In this context, we conducted a study with the objective of identifying the clinical characteristics and outcomes of rhinovirus infection in comparison with other respiratory viruses in children hospitalized in one of the largest pediatric hospitals in the capital of Romania.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study among children hospitalized for influenza-like illness symptoms and who were tested by multiplex RT-PCR with a nasopharyngeal swab between May 2020 and December 2021.

The Role of Diet in Tympanostomy Tube Otorrhea.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of diet quality in children with tympanostomy tube placement (TTP) complicated by tympanostomy tube otorrhea (TTO).

Study Design: Three-day 24-hour diet recall.

Setting: Tertiary care medical center.

Asymptomatic nasopharyngeal carriage of multidrug resistant bacteria among children at University of Gondar Hospital Northwest Ethiopia Revealing Hidden Health Risks.

Gram-negative bacteria in the nasopharynx can eventually invade bacteria-limited sites and cause serious illnesses such as meningitis, otitis media, and pneumonia. However, data related to the carriage of these bacteria in children attending outpatient departments in the study area are limited. To assess nasopharyngeal carriage, antibiotic susceptibility patterns, and associated factors of gram-negative bacteria among children attending the outpatient department at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.

Middle Ear microRNAs Drive Mucin Gene Response.

Objective(s): To investigate the role of microRNA-378 (miR-378) in the regulation of mucin gene expression and inflammatory response in human middle ear epithelial cells (HMEEC) during bacterial infection by non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi).

Methods: Human middle ear epithelial cells (HMEEC) were cultured and transfected with miR-378 or control miRNA. Post-transfection, cells were exposed to NTHi lysates.

Ceftazidime-Cefazolin Empiric Therapy for Pediatric Gradenigo Syndrome.

Objective: Gradenigo Syndrome (GS), a rare complication of petrous apicitis secondary to acute otitis media, is characterized by (an often incomplete) triad of otorrhea, abducens nerve palsy, and facial pain along the trigeminal nerve distribution. There are several causative pathogens of petrous apicitis, including and species, while is the most common. However, the case report literature often describes antibiotic management of GS with antibiotics that do not cover , potentially predisposing to further intracranial complications or mortality.

A Comparative Study of Surgical Outcome Following Tympanoplasty with or Without Canaloplasty in Adolecent Age Group.

Chronic otitis media (COM) poses significant challenges globally, affecting millions with hearing impairment and associated morbidities. This prospective study aimed to compare the surgical outcomes of type I tympanoplasty with and without canaloplasty in adolescent patients with COM, focusing on hearing improvement and graft success rates. Sixty-eight patients aged 11-18 years, diagnosed with inactive mucosal disease and conductive hearing loss, were enrolled from 01 January 2022 to 01 July 2023.

Prognostic Role of MERI in the Outcome of Surgery in COM: A Tertiary Care Centre Experience.

To establish a link between the MERI score and post-operative anatomical and audiological gain in COM. This prospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary care centre in North India from April 2023 to March 2024. It involved 63 patients aged between 10 and 60 years diagnosed with chronic otitis media (COM) who were scheduled for surgery and provided informed consent.

The Role of Imaging Modalities in Diagnosis and Outcome of Otitis Media with Effusion in Cochelear Implant Candidates.

Objective: We investigated the accuracy of imaging modalities in diagnosis and outcome of otitis media with effusion by correlating the imaging findings with the preoperative otomicroscopic examinations, tympanometric results, and intraoperative findings in patients who underwent cochlear implant surgery.

Methods: The results of the preoperative physical examination and intraoperative findings of patients younger than 18 years who underwent cochlear implant surgery at a single tertiary institution were recorded from their medical charts. Tympanometries, which were performed in maximum 1 week prior to imaging modalities, were analyzed.

Artificial intelligence as an auxiliary tool in pediatric otitis media diagnosis.

Objectives: In order to promote the use of AI technology as the auxiliary tool in pediatric otitis media diagnosis, we use the convolutional neural networks and deep learning for image classification and disease diagnosis. We also designed a Pediatric Otitis Media Classifier to analyze and classify the images for physicians.

Methods: A pediatric otitis media classifier was designed for junior physicians (doctors who have been engaged in clinical practice for a short time) as an auxiliary diagnostic tool.