Exploring brain perfusion in dogs with meningoencephalitis of unknown origin: A promising role for arterial spin labeling imaging.

Background: Arterial spin labeling (ASL) is a noninvasive brain perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique that has not been assessed in dogs with meningoencephalitis of unknown origin (MUO).

Hypothesis/objectives: Assess brain perfusion changes characteristics before and after medical treatment, and investigate the role of ASL perfusion in the diagnosis and prognosis of MUO in dogs.

Animals: Thirty-one dogs with presumed MUO.

The Role of Chitinase 3-Like-1 (YKL-40) and Proinflammatory Biomarkers in the Pathogenesis of Pediatric Tick-Borne Encephalitis in a Polish Cohort.

Background: Chitinase 3-like-1 (CHI3L1), also known as YKL-40, is a potential biomarker for neuroinflammatory conditions. It is upregulated in Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, and traumatic brain injury. However, its involvement in pediatric tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) has not been addressed yet.

Bacterial Meningoencephalitis in Newborns.

Bacterial meningoencephalitis in newborns is a severe and life-threatening pathology, which results from meningeal infection and the subsequent involvement of the brain parenchyma. The severity of the acute onset of symptoms and the risk of neurodevelopmental adverse sequelae in children strongly depend on the timing of the infection, the immunological protection transmitted by the mother to the fetus during pregnancy, and the neonate's inflammatory and immune system response after birth. Although the incidence of neonatal meningitis and meningoencephalitis and related mortality declined in the past twenty years with the improvement of prenatal care and with the introduction of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis against Streptococcus beta Hemolyticus group B (Streptococcus Agalactiae) in the 1990s, bacterial meningitis remains the most common form of cerebrospinal fluid infection in pediatric patients.

Neurological Complications Associated With Varicella-Zoster Virus Infection.

Varicella-zoster virus is a highly contagious infection that primarily affects children. It typically presents as a mild, self-limiting illness with a distinctive rash. However, severe complications can arise, with skin and soft tissue infections being the most common.

[Diagnosis of neuroinfections in children].

Presents an overview of domestic and foreign sources on the diagnosis of neuroinfections in children of different etiologies based on epidemiological, physical, cerebrospinal fluid, etiological, radiation and other methods. Their combination makes it possible to establish the syndrome of neuroinfection (meningitis, encephalitis, myelitis, polyradioloneuritis, etc.), the severity, the presence of complications, the nature of the course, etiology.

Molecular Analysis of Coxsackievirus B2 Associated With Severe Symptoms of the Central Nervous System.

Coxsackievirus B2 (CVB2) is a member of the enterovirus group known to induce a spectrum of illnesses, from mild to severe. In the summer of 2022, an unusual outbreak of enteroviral central nervous system (CNS) infections occurred that was attributed to CVB2. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples collected from patients in 2015-2022 were tested for enterovirus via RT-PCR, followed by Sanger sequencing for positive cases.

Outbreak of Meningitis in Iraq in 2023.

. To determine clinical presentations and laboratory findings of meningitis outbreak among children in 2023 in Iraq. .

Utility of cell index in the diagnosis of healthcare-associated ventriculitis and meningitis: an analytical cross-sectional study.

Background: The diagnosis of healthcare-associated ventriculitis and meningitis (HCAVM) can be complex because multiple factors confound the interpretation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tests. The cell index (CI) may help in the diagnosis of HCAVM. It does not incur additional medical cost and it avoids delays from the turnaround time of CSF cultures.

Anti-CD20 Therapy in Children With Severe Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Meningoencephalitis.

Epstein-Barr virus meningoencephalitis is a rare central nervous system infection that lacks standardized treatment. Immunocompetent and immunosuppressed individuals with this condition frequently have poor prognostic outcomes, making the need to identify therapeutic interventions high. Here, we report 2 pediatric cases of severe Epstein-Barr virus meningoencephalitis, both unresponsive to immunoglobulin and corticosteroid therapy, who demonstrated rapid clinical recovery following rituximab administration.