Demographic and clinical characteristics of hospitalized children with suspected and laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 during the six waves of SARS-CoV-2 infection in northern Iran a retrospective cohort study.

Introduction: Northern Iran is one of the regions of the country most affected by COVID-19. The aim of the current study was to examine the demographics, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of suspected and laboratory-confirmed patients <18 years of age hospitalized over two years (during six waves of SARS-CoV-2).

Methods: This retrospective cohort study examined hospitalized patients with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection in Babol, northern Iran.

Parvovirus B19 infection in children: a comprehensive review of clinical manifestations and management.

Parvovirus B19 (B19V) is a significant pathogen responsible for a wide range of clinical manifestations, particularly in children and pregnant women. While B19V is most commonly recognized as the cause of Fifth disease, a mild erythematous illness in children, its clinical impact extends far beyond this condition. B19V can lead to severe complications, including transient aplastic crisis in individuals with chronic hemolytic anemias, arthralgia, and more severe joint diseases.

Metabolomic analysis reveals an important role of sphingosine 1-phosphate in the development of HFMD due to EV-A71 infection.

Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a serious pediatric infectious disease that causes immeasurable physical and mental health burdens. Currently, there is a lack of information on the mechanisms of HFMD severity and early diagnosis. We performed metabolomic profiling of sera from 84 Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) infections and 45 control individuals.

Assessment of distributions and gender difference in adverse events related to faricimab: a real-world study based on FDA adverse event reporting system.

Background: Faricimab is a novel bispecific antibody drug for treating retinal disease. We aim to study the adverse events of faricimab based on the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database.

Research Design And Methods: The FAERS data from 2020 to 2024 was extracted to conduct disproportionality analysis.

Petechial and Purpuric Rashes During a Parvovirus B19 Outbreak: Are Skin Symptoms Differentiated?

Human parvovirus B19 typically causes erythema infectiosum, but unusual exanthems and hemorrhagic manifestations, such as purpuric-petechial rashes, have also been reported. PVB19-associated purpuric-petechial eruption (PAPPE) should be recognized as a distinct clinical feature of primary parvovirus B19 infection and considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with febrile purpura. This report aims to highlight several scenarios of B19V-associated petechial and purpuric rashes, which may present to pediatric departments during outbreaks.

[Seroprevalence and infection by human parvovirus B19 in pregnant women from Córdoba, Argentina, 2021-2022].

Introduction: parvovirus B19 (B19V) infection during pregnancy can be transmitted to the fetus and cause serious complications such as fetal hydrops and stillbirth. The preexistence of specific IgG prevents vertical transmission. Seroprevalence in fertile age is variable (50-70%) and depends on the region/viral circulation, in addition to factors such as maternal age and frequent exposure to children.

Clinical and genetic characteristics of a case of Koolen-De Vries syndrome caused by KANSL1 gene mutation and literature review: A case report.

Rationale: Koolen-De Vries syndrome (KdVS, OMIM: 612452), also known as 17q21.31 microdeletion syndrome, is an autosomal dominant genetic disease. In the study, we analyze of clinical phenotype and gene variation of a child with Koolen-De Vries syndrome, review the literature to improve the understanding of the disease.

REGγ-mediated Barrier Disruption and NF-κB Activation Aggravates Intestinal Inflammation in Necrotizing Enterocolitis.

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) stands as the most prevalent and severe gastrointestinal ailment affecting premature newborns, particularly those with extremely low birth weights. Intestinal barrier dysfunction emerges as a crucial factor in NEC's pathogenesis. REGγ predominantly manifests in the intestinal epithelium and has shown to regulate experimental colitis.

Utilizing HCoV-OC43 to better understand the neurological impact of COVID-19.

As the COVID-19 pandemic enters its fifth year, research tools to study the SARS-CoV-2 (CoV-2) virus are critical, and many researchers have turned to another beta coronavirus: HCoV-OC43 (OC43). OC43 is a ubiquitous pathogen that now causes a common cold, but its emergence in 1890 closely coincided with and likely produced the catastrophic Russian Flu pandemic. Beyond their historical parallels, OC43 and CoV-2 share similar genetics and disease sequelae.

Intrathecal tocilizumab for immune-mediated central nervous system complication after haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children: Two case reports.

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is an effective measure for the treatment of hematological disease. With the progress and wide use of allo-HSCT, post-transplant central nervous system complications (CNSC) have gotten more and more attention because of its poor prognosis and high mortality. Since there is no standard treatment for patients with immune-mediated CNSC currently, new treatments are needed to be developed urgently.

A case of infant death due to chlorfenapyr poisoning.

Chlorfenapyr is a novel pyrrole compound with the chemical formula C15H11BrClF3N2O, exhibiting potent insecticidal and acaricidal effects. It primarily acts on the multi-functional oxidases in the mitochondria of insects, inhibiting the conversion of adenosine diphosphate to adenosine triphosphate, leading to cellular dysfunction due to energy depletion. With increased production and market availability, the population's exposure to chlorfenapyr has risen, resulting in a growing number of fatal poisoning incidents.

1,25(OH)D-treated mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells alleviate autoimmune hepatitis in mice by improving TFR/TFH imbalance.

Objective: Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic progressive autoimmune disease with unclear etiology. As a bioactive metabolite of Vitamin D, 1,25(OH)D can stimulate the production of tolerogenic dendritic cells (DCs) that overexpress programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1). Although these cells have been shown to play a part in autoimmune diseases, their role in AIH remains unclear.

Resurgence of Pertussis in the Gyeongnam Region of South Korea in 2023 and 2024.

: Pertussis continues to pose a substantial global health challenge despite widespread vaccination programs. This study aimed to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of recent pertussis cases in the Gyeongnam region of South Korea. : We analyzed 419 pertussis cases in the Gyeongnam region of South Korea between October 2023 and April 2024, using data collected from epidemiological investigation reports, medical records, and interviews with health officials and school staff.

Outcomes and Need for Additional Interventions after Intravitreal Bevacizumab for Retinopathy of Prematurity.

Objective: This study investigated the outcomes of premature infants diagnosed with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) that were treated with intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB), as well as the need for further treatment after injection.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Participants: Seventy-three premature infants born between 2016 and 2020 at a large county hospital and children's hospital.

A novel mouse model of myositis-associated interstitial lung disease was established by using TLR9 agonist combined with muscle homogenate.

Our group previously demonstrated that NETs were involved in interstitial lung diseases (ILD) among patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) and the experimental autoimmune myositis (EAM) mouse model, and that NETs activated lung fibroblasts through the TLR9-miR7-Smad2 axis. This study aimed to establish a novel mouse model of myositis-associated interstitial lung disease (MAILD) by using a TLR9 agonist (ODN2395). ODN2395 and muscle homogenate were used to induce MAILD in BALB/c mice.

Efficacy of Tocilizumab in Refractory Graves Orbitopathy From Real-World Clinical Practice: An Observational Study.

Context: The efficacy of tocilizumab (TCZ) in treating Graves orbitopathy (GO) remains uncertain due to the small sample sizes of earlier studies, and there is a lack of research on the drug for juvenile GO.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of TCZ in treating GO that is resistant to conventional therapy.

Design: This observational study at a tertiary care center included 79 Chinese GO patients, 15 of whom were pediatric patients, with 52 of these patients having moderate to severe active GO (all adult patients having steroid-resistant GO).

Teleophthalmology Through Online Mentorship Over a 20-Year Period: Education and Capacity Building.

Purpose: Telemedicine is widely used for diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity, and other ophthalmic diseases. However, there is limited research on the use of teleophthalmology in retinoblastoma. The goal of this study was to explore how Orbis Cybersight affected the capacity for treatment and management of children with retinoblastoma through online mentorship and to assess the efficacy of online mentoring through disease-specific knowledge change over time.