Atypical Kawasaki disease with giant coronary artery aneurysms in a 2-month-old boy: a case report.

Background: Kawasaki disease is an acute inflammatory disorder primarily affecting medium-sized blood vessels, especially in infants and young children under 5 years old, characterized by inflammation of the arterial walls, including coronary arteries. While predominantly affecting young children, rarely Kawasaki disease is seen in adults. Reporting this case is crucial due to the patient's very young age and the disease's unusual presentation following vaccination, contributing to the limited literature on Kawasaki disease in very young infants.

A Complicated Matter: Predictors for Postoperative Infections After Bowel Resection in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Introduction: Children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) need surgery whenever medical therapy fails. The postoperative course is frequently accompanied by symptoms suggestive of infection, such as fever. The aim of our study was to analyze the postoperative course after bowel resection in pediatric IBD patients in relation to postoperative infections.

Preliminary Evaluation for the Development of a Scoring System to Predict Homozygous M694V Genotype in Familial Mediterranean Fever Patients: A Single-Center Study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify key parameters of a scoring system to be developed to predict the homozygous M694V genotype in patients clinically diagnosed with familial Mediterranean fever.

Methods: This study was a cross-sectional analysis of 472 pediatric familial Mediterranean fever patients with a homozygous genotype on exon 10, followed at our tertiary pediatric rheumatology clinic between June 2016 and June 2023. The patients were categorized into 2 groups based on their genotypes: group 1 comprised 402 patients (85.

Multiple primary brain abscesses in a 14 years old immunocompetent boy: A tale of Proteus mirabilis infestation from Pakistan.

Brain abscess (BA) formation that may be due to due to Gram-positive bacteria commonly and less commonly due Gram-negative bacteria affects pediatric population. Most cases are secondary to the involvement of ear, nose, throat and sinuses (ENTS). We describe a rare case of a 14 year old patient presenting with generalized tonic clonic seizures for the last six months associated with fever, vomiting and headache.

Clinical Outcomes of Pediatric Cancer Patients with COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Considering the widespread COVID-19 pandemic and its impact, especially on children, particularly those with cancer, in terms of transmission risk, mortality, and the occurrence of the disease based on various studies in different countries, we decided to conduct this study to improve the care of children with cancer regarding COVID-19. A descriptive cross-sectional study with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 consisted of obtaining 20 mL of blood samples from the participants in a random manner. Diagnostic examinations, including CT scans, chest X-rays, and a range of hematologic and blood tests, such as complete blood count, ESR, CRP, and D-Dimer, were performed on all patients.

Mixed-methods multicenter assessment of healthcare workers' knowledge, perceptions, and practices related to blood culture utilization in hospitalized adults.

Objective: To understand healthcare workers' (HCWs) beliefs and practices toward blood culture (BCx) use.

Design: Cross-sectional electronic survey and semi-structured interviews.

Setting: Academic hospitals in the United States.

The importance of paying attention to the role of lipid-lowering drugs in controlling dengue virus infection.

The Flaviviridae family includes the dengue virus (DENV). About half of the world's population is in danger because of the estimated 390 million infections and 96 million symptomatic cases that occur each year. An effective treatment for dengue fever (DF) does not yet exist.

The role of family health centres in preventing paediatric emergency department usage of parents of children with non-urgent conditions.

Background: Overcrowding in paediatric emergency departments (PEDs) has become a global public health issue, reducing healthcare quality, increasing dissatisfaction, and driving up costs. Overcrowding in PEDs not only affects patient satisfaction and healthcare costs but also can lead to burnout among healthcare professionals. This burnout could potentially result in suboptimal care for truly severe cases, ultimately increasing morbidity and mortality rates among patients requiring urgent attention.

Hospitalized children with influenza A before, during and after COVID-19 pandemic: a retrospective cohort study.

Context: Since the outbreak of COVID-19 in late 2019, the transmission dynamics and clinical presentation patterns of influenza A (Flu A) virus have undergone changes.

Objectives: This article conducted a comparative analysis in clinical characteristics and laboratory results of pediatric patients with Flu A before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: The medical records of 885 children hospitalized with Flu A virus infection at a tertiary hospital in Guangdong Province, China, were retrospectively analyzed.

Flavonifractor plautii bacteremia following bacterial translocation from the gut: A case report and literature review.

A 75-year-old male, hospitalized with back pain, remained hospitalized for tests for unexplained colitis, which was diagnosed as inflammatory bowel disease unclassified and treated with antibiotics and prednisolone, resulting in Clostridioides difficile colitis. Therefore, antibiotics were discontinued, and oral metronidazole treatment was initiated; however, as the patient's fever persisted, blood cultures were performed. An anaerobic bottle of blood culture turned positive the following day.

Children with sickle cell disease and fever but no respiratory symptoms: Is a chest x-ray needed?

Background: The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) defines acute chest syndrome (ACS) as a new infiltrate on chest x-ray (CXR) and at least 1 of the following: fever (≥38.5C), hypoxia, or respiratory symptoms. NHLBI expert consensus recommends a CXR in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) who have fever and respiratory symptoms.

Giant duodenal perforation: A rare malaria complication in a child; a case report and review of literature.

Introduction And Importance: Duodenal perforation, while uncommon, is a serious cause of acute abdomen in children. The causes of acute abdomen in children vary widely based on factors like geography and socioeconomic status. In developing countries, where infectious diseases are more prevalent, malaria can contribute to this condition.

Clinical and Laboratory Features and Treatment Outcomes of Dengue Fever in Pediatric Cases.

Background Globally, dengue fever (DF) is the leading cause of arthropod-borne viral illness, which considerably contributes to an atrocious death rate. The disease is now endemic in some parts of the world, including Bangladesh. The disorder exhibits a wide range of clinical and laboratory features in children.

A Case of Refractory Kawasaki Disease With Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Infection Successfully Treated With Cefotaxime Following Immunosuppressive Therapy.

Kawasaki disease (KD) is a vasculitis mainly affecting children under five, with symptoms such as persistent fever, rash, red lips, strawberry tongue, conjunctivitis, and swollen hands and feet. Diagnosis is based on a fever lasting over five days plus at least four of these symptoms. Treatment includes intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and aspirin to reduce complications, especially coronary artery issues.

Varicella-zoster virus hepatitis - a rare complication of primary infection in immunocompetent children?

Aim Of The Study: This research aimed to investigate the incidence and course of varicella-zoster virus hepatitis in immunocompetent children.

Material And Methods: Medical charts of children hospitalised between 2019 and 2022 (excluding the period of the COVID-19 pandemic) due to varicella were retrospectively analysed and compared.

Results: In total, 216 children were included in the analysis.

Cerebral schistosomiasis in a 3-year-old girl due to : a case report.

Introduction: Cerebral schistosomiasis is a rare but severe manifestation of infection, often leading to significant neurological impairment. This case report details the clinical presentation, diagnostic challenges, and treatment of a 3-year-old girl with cerebral schistosomiasis in Sichuan, China.

Case Description: A 3-year-old girl from a rural area in Sichuan, China, presented with a 3-month history of unstable walking, left facial paralysis, drowsiness, and intermittent fever.

Influenza knowledge and barriers to vaccination in immunosuppressed patients in the pediatric rheumatology clinic.

Background: Most patients with a pediatric rheumatic disease are at increased risk of influenza due to immunosuppressive medication use. Despite initial quality improvement efforts, our influenza vaccination rate plateaued at 72%, which prompted a survey of patients and families to assess provider vaccine recommendations, influenza knowledge, and barriers to influenza vaccination.

Methods: Patients on immunosuppressive medication or their parent were eligible to complete a survey between July 2019 and January 2020.

Behavioral problems in children with unoperated rheumatic heart disease at national referral hospital in Ethiopia: an observational study.

Background: The behavioral disorder is characterized by a profound abnormality in an individual's cognition, emotion or behavior that reflects in psychological, biological or developmental dysfunction. Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is a long-term sequel of single or recurrent acute rheumatic fever. Children with RHD are thought to be at increased risk for behavioral problems due to autoimmunity seen in pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections (PANDAS).

The frequency of serious bacterial infection in febrile infants less than 90 days infected with SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viral pathogens.

Background: The primary aim of this study was to compare the groups, SARS-CoV-2-positive and -negative patients, in terms of the frequency of SBI. The SARS-CoV-2-positive group was compared with the other-RVPs-positive group as a secondary evaluation in terms of serious bacterial infection (SBI).

Methods: This retrospective multicenter cohort study was conducted at four university hospitals from March 2020 to December 2021.

Complicated iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome induced by topical clobetasol propionate in a child with psoriasis: a case report and review of the literature.

Background: Long-term use of oral or parenteral corticosteroids is the most common cause of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis suppression and iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome. Still, iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome occurs rarely following the administration of topical corticosteroids.

Case Presentation: This case study discusses the misuse of a high-potency corticosteroid cream by an Iranian 5-year-old male with plaque-form psoriasis, resulting in Cushingoid symptoms including moon face, buffalo hump, red striae, and weight gain.

Psychogenic fever and neurodevelopmental disorders among Japanese children.

Background: Psychosocial stress can induce various physical symptoms, including fever, which is a commonly seen symptom in pediatric practice. In cases of unexplained fever, psychogenic fever should be considered as a potential cause. Children with neurodevelopmental disorders may be more vulnerable to stress and therefore more prone to developing somatic symptoms than their peers.

Clinical indicators for distinguishing septic arthritis from paediatric transient synovitis of the hip: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Septic arthritis (SA) of the hip joint is a serious infection that can result in irreversible complications. Distinguishing septic arthritis from transient synovitis, the most common cause of hip pain in children, is crucial for preventing severe outcomes. Existing research has primarily focused on identifying clinical signs and laboratory findings that indicate high-risk patients who may need invasive diagnostic procedures; however, results have been inconsistent.

The effect of gene dosage and age at the disease onset on the severity of familial Mediterranean fever.

Objective: To compare the demographic and clinical characteristics of familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) patients according to age at disease onset and evaluate the dose effect of the number of pathogenic or likely pathogenic exon 10 mutations of the MEFV gene on disease severity.

Methods: This medical record review study was performed on 485 pediatric FMF patients with uni- or bialelic exon 10 mutations of the MEFV gene (M694V, M694I, M680I, V726A, R761H, T267I). Patients were grouped according to age at disease onset (Group 1:<6 years; Group 2:6-11 years; and Group 3:>11 years).

Evaluation of infants administered prophylactic intravenous immunoglobulin following exposure to measles.

Introduction: Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is an alternative for post-exposure prophylaxis if a vaccine is contraindicated and intramuscular immunoglobulin is unavailable. We retrospectively examined the effect of IVIG administration time on measles development in measles-contact infants younger than 6 months of age.

Methodology: Contact tracing of measles cases was performed by the Istanbul Public Health Directorate (IPHD) between August 24, 2012, and June 16, 2013.