3,366 results match your criteria: "Pediatrics Dehydration"
Cracking the code of aldosterone synthase deficiency: bridging genetics and biochemistry: a case report.
Lab Med
December 2024
Department of Pediatrics, AIIMS Patna, Patna, Bihar, India.
Objective: Aldosterone synthase deficiency (ASD) is a rare autosomal recessive inherited disease with an overall clinical phenotype of failure to thrive, vomiting, severe dehydration, hyperkalemia, and hyponatremia. Mutations in the CYP11B2 gene encoding AS are responsible for the occurrence of ASD. Defects in CYP11B2 gene have only been reported in a limited number of cases worldwide.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDiazoxide-Associated Hyperglycemia: A Critical Case Precipitating Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State in a Child.
J Med Toxicol
December 2024
Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins Children's Center, 1800 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
Introduction: Diazoxide is the first-line treatment for children with hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (HI). In these cases, diazoxide raises blood glucose levels by suppressing insulin release, preventing hypoglycemia, and potentially devastating end-organ sequelae. Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) is an exceedingly rare side effect of diazoxide.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEarly enteral nutrition (EEN) following intestinal anastomosis in pediatric patients - what's new?
Innov Surg Sci
December 2024
Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
Introduction: Abdominal surgery in children may disrupt normal gut function, necessitating prolonged fasting, which can lead to complications such as dehydration and nutritional deficits. Early enteral nutrition (EEN) after surgical procedures can enhance wound healing, prevent malnutrition, and expedite recovery. Although concerns exist regarding the risk of complications associated with EEN, current evidence suggests that it is not linked to increased perioperative complications.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAssessing the relationship of recommended diarrhea case management practices with the nutritional status of children aged between 0 to 59.9 months.
Health Open Res
November 2023
School of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences., The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia.
Background: Paediatric diarrhoea and malnutrition have a bidirectional relationship, which in turn augments the presence of each other. The diarrhoeal diseases in children can be prevented by using (ORS) and . The relationship between paediatric diarrhoea treatment guidelines with the nutritional status is not yet investigated, and this study primarily aims to examine the relationship of recommended diarrhoea case management practices with paediatric undernutrition (wasting, stunting and underweight) among children aged between 0 to 59 months.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCongenital diarrhea and enteropathies (CoDEs) condition is a rare cause of chronic diarrhea in infants that can be challenging to diagnose. This article discusses key signs to recognize in considering a CoDEs diagnosis and provides an overview of the diagnostic process. We report a late preterm twin infant with intractable watery diarrhea starting shortly after birth.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA case report of an unprovoked neonatal pulmonary embolism: management strategies and cardiopulmonary complications.
Eur Heart J Case Rep
November 2024
Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110-1093, USA.
Background: Neonatal pulmonary embolism is a rare occurrence, especially when idiopathic, instead occurring in patients with identifiable risk factors including severe dehydration, presence or history of a central venous line, or identifiable genetic causes. Given the rarity of paediatric and neonatal pulmonary emboli, few guidelines exist to support the clinician in both the initial resuscitation and ongoing management of the critically ill patient with pulmonary emboli.
Case Summary: We present a 5-day-old female with unprovoked massive pulmonary embolism and associated haemodynamic compromise.
Harbingers of sepsis misdiagnosis among pediatric emergency department patients.
Diagnosis (Berl)
December 2024
Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Objectives: To identify clinical presentations that acted as harbingers for future sepsis hospitalizations in pediatric patients evaluated in the emergency department (ED) using the Symptom Disease Pair Analysis of Diagnostic Error (SPADE) methodology.
Methods: We identified patients in the Pediatric Health Information Systems (PHIS) database admitted for sepsis between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2023 and limited the study cohort to those patients who had an ED treat-and-release visit in the 30 days prior to admission. Using the look-back approach of the SPADE methodology, we identified the most common clinical presentations at the initial ED visit and used an observed to expected (O:E) analysis to determine which presentations were overrepresented.
Low Back Pain During and After Spaceflight: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.
J Pain Res
December 2024
Edwards Family Interdisciplinary Center for Complex Pain, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Space flights can produce physiological changes in the spine, leading to the development of acute and chronic pain in passengers. However, there is a lack of comprehensive literature exploring physiological spine changes and acute and chronic pain in space passengers (astronauts and animals). The first aim of this study was to identify the physiological changes experienced by passengers (humans and animals) after space flight.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIncidence of adverse events related to intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in children.
Transfusion
December 2024
Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.
Article Synopsis
Chronic Intestinal Failure and Short Bowel Syndrome in Adults: The State of the Art.
GE Port J Gastroenterol
December 2024
GENE - Artificial Feeding Team, Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal.
Article Synopsis
Standard- versus extended-duration anticoagulation for primary venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in acutely ill medical patients.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev
December 2024
Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Article Synopsis
The renaissance of multipurpose AMeX method over conventional tissue processing method in the current diagnostic era: a comparative study.
Biotech Histochem
December 2024
Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India.
Article Synopsis
- Researchers are exploring simpler methods for tissue fixation and processing before staining and DNA extraction, with a focus on the AMeX method as a promising alternative to traditional techniques.
- The AMeX method was tested on human oral mucosal biopsy specimens to assess its effectiveness in H&E staining, immunohistochemistry, and DNA quality.
- Results indicated that AMeX provided comparable H&E staining results, while enhancing the quality of immunohistochemistry and yielding better genomic DNA quality and quantity.
Complications and benefits of enteral feeding in children with progressive neurological disease in a palliative care service: a retrospective study.
J Med Life
September 2024
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Galati, Romania.
Article Synopsis
- Palliative care is crucial for improving the quality of life for children with neurological conditions, as they face severe symptoms and disabilities.
- A study at the Lumina Association analyzed 604 children who needed enteral feeding, primarily due to swallowing issues, congenital malformations, or malnutrition.
- While enteral feeding helps maintain nutrition and hydration, it also poses risks like digestive issues and infections in these patients receiving palliative care.
Article Synopsis
- This study aims to assess how the combination of Lactobacillus acidophilus and montmorillonite powder affects inflammation in children with rotavirus enteritis (RVE).
- A total of 94 children were divided into two groups, one receiving standard treatment plus montmorillonite and the other receiving standard treatment plus Lactobacillus for five days.
- Results showed that the Lactobacillus group had a higher recovery rate, shorter symptom relief times, and lower inflammatory markers, though adverse reactions were similar in both groups.
Hypoglycemia Among Young Children Presenting With Metabolic Acidosis.
Cureus
October 2024
Pediatric Critical Care, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, USA.
Article Synopsis
- Metabolic acidosis in children can vary in severity and cause, and minor illnesses can trigger serious conditions like hypoglycemia and ketosis due to limited metabolic reserves.
- A study conducted from January 2014 to March 2015 reviewed cases of metabolic acidosis in young children, focusing on their causes, electrolyte levels, and mortality rates.
- Findings revealed dehydration from acute gastroenteritis and vomiting as common causes, with hypoglycemia in 28% of cases and an overall 2% mortality rate; older children with hypoglycemia tended to have shorter hospital stays and different diagnoses.
First documented case of Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome in Syria: clinical presentation, diagnosis, and experimental management with simvastatin.
Oxf Med Case Reports
November 2024
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Al Mouwasat University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.
Article Synopsis
- Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS) is a rare genetic disorder that disrupts cholesterol synthesis, leading to a range of physical and mental developmental issues.
- A case study focuses on a 25-day-old male infant with congenital anomalies like microcephaly and syndactyly, alongside serious symptoms such as severe vomiting, irritability, and dehydration.
- Laboratory tests confirmed low serum cholesterol and a genetic diagnosis of SLOS, with treatment involving simvastatin leading to improved symptoms; this case is notable as the first documented instance of SLOS in Syria.
CFTR expression decreases with age in several airway cell types.
Sci Rep
November 2024
Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Article Synopsis
- The mucociliary clearance (MC) system is essential for lung health, helping to prevent infections by relying on cilia and airway surface liquid (ASL) hydration.
- Research shows that as people age, the rate of MC decreases, potentially leading to higher rates of lung infections in older adults.
- Studies using gene expression data reveal that CFTR gene levels, crucial for ASL hydration, decline with age primarily in secretory and basal cells, suggesting this decline may contribute to impaired MC and increased lung infection risk as we get older.
KNOWLEDGE, PERCEPTION AND THE USE OF ORAL REHYDRATION SALT FOR DIARRHOEA AMONG MOTHERS ATTENDING CLINICS IN A HEALTH FACILITY IN PORT HARCOURT.
West Afr J Med
November 2024
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. E-mail:
Article Synopsis
- Oral rehydration solution (ORS) is crucial for preventing dehydration in children with diarrhoea, but its effectiveness depends on caregivers’ understanding of how to use it properly.
- The study assessed mothers' knowledge, perception, and practice regarding ORS at Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, finding that while most mothers recognized ORS's purpose, their overall knowledge and usage levels were still lacking.
- The findings suggest a need for ongoing education and awareness campaigns to improve mothers' understanding and appropriate use of ORS to reduce child mortality from diarrhoea.
Early expression of neuroinflammation in an untreated fatal case of diabetic ketoacidosis.
Arch Endocrinol Metab
November 2024
University of North Carolina Division of Pediatric Endocrinology Chapel HillNC United States Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill NC.
Article Synopsis
- A case study analyzes a young adult who experienced lethargy and weight loss before dying, with signs suggesting worsening metabolic health over time.
- This research is the first to examine human brain tissue from a type 1 diabetes patient experiencing diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) before treatment, comparing it to a treated patient of similar demographics.
- Results indicate neuroinflammatory markers were lower in the untreated DKA brain; dehydration may reduce inflammation, while rehydration might increase it, highlighting potential therapeutic avenues to combat neuroinflammation and related cognitive issues.
Short Bowel Syndrome Is Not a Contraindication for Kidney Transplantation.
Pediatr Transplant
December 2024
Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Türkiye.
Article Synopsis
- Short bowel syndrome (SBS) results from significant small intestine removal, leading to issues like diarrhea and difficulties with drug absorption, which can complicate kidney transplantation.* -
- A case study is presented of an 18-month-old boy with SBS who successfully underwent kidney transplantation and maintained good health for four years without needing intestinal surgery.* -
- The immunosuppressive treatment using prednisolone, tacrolimus, and mycophenolate mofetil worked effectively in this patient, suggesting these drugs are viable options for others with SBS undergoing transplantation.*
Neonatal adrenal haemorrhage presenting with bowel obstruction in a term neonate.
BMJ Case Rep
November 2024
Paediatric Surgery, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
Article Synopsis
- Neonatal adrenal haemorrhage occurs in about 0.17%-0.21% of infants but is often asymptomatic, suggesting the actual rate may be higher due to underreporting.
- The condition is more likely in neonates because their adrenal glands are larger and more vascular, making them susceptible to bleeding, especially during labor.
- A case study describes a newborn with symptoms indicating bowel obstruction, where surgical exploration revealed that adrenal haemorrhage was the rare cause of the obstruction, highlighting the need to consider this diagnosis when similar symptoms arise.
Etiology of Severely Dehydrating Diarrheal Illness in Infants and Young Children Residing in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.
Open Forum Infect Dis
November 2024
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
Article Synopsis
- * A study analyzed 5,304 cases of moderate-to-severe diarrhea and identified 2,284 (43%) as severe dehydration using WHO guidelines, but one-third had no attributable pathogens.
- * The most common pathogens varied by age group, with rotavirus being prevalent in younger children, and the findings aim to enhance future prevention and treatment strategies for severe dehydration.