The incidence and temporal trend of appendicitis in children: An analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Background: Challenges persist in the management of appendicitis in children, but its incidence and temporal trends have been reported in only a few developed countries. This study aimed to comprehensively investigate the incidence and temporal trends of appendicitis in children at the global, regional, and national levels, providing evidence for implementing and scaling up intervention services to reduce adverse health outcomes.

Methods: This study downloaded incidence data on appendicitis in children from the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) 2021.

Utility of Urine Dipstick Testing in Pediatric Appendicitis: Assessing its Role in Identifying Complicated Cases and Retrocecal Appendicitis.

Background:  Diagnosing appendicitis in children remains a challenge, and the role of urine dipstick is controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the association between abnormal urine dipstick results and appendicitis, particularly appendicitis severity and appendix position.

Methods:  A prospective cohort study was conducted from 2017 to 2021 at a tertiary hospital in Sweden.

Neonatal perforated appendicitis. Case report.

Introduction And Importance: Neonatal appendicitis is a rare condition with high morbidity and mortality due to its late diagnosis in favor of more common pathologies. There are few reported cases of neonatal appendicitis and even fewer of antenatal appendicitis.

Case Presentation: We report a neonate presenting with abdominal distention and gastric emesis in the setting of a suspected congenital abdominal mass, later diagnosed with neonatal appendicitis requiring intestinal resection and anastomosis.

Acute Abdominal Pain in Children: Evaluation and Management.

Acute abdominal pain in children is a common presentation in the clinic and emergency department settings and accounts for up to 10% of childhood emergency department visits. Determining the appropriate disposition of abdominal pain in children can be challenging. The differential diagnosis of acute abdominal pain, including gastroenteritis, constipation, urinary tract infection, acute appendicitis, tubo-ovarian abscess, testicular torsion, and volvulus, and the diagnostic approach vary by age.

A Review of Pediatric Appendicitis Imaging Trends from 2006-2020 Using the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample.

Background: Appendicitis is a common surgical emergency in the pediatric population, affecting over 70,000 children per year in the United States alone. While historically practitioners predominately used computed tomography (CT) as the main diagnostic imaging modality, multiple professional societies have released guidelines recommending an ultrasound (US) first strategy when using imaging to confirm suspected appendicitis in pediatric populations. To date, no studies have quantified the change in imaging trends for pediatric appendicitis across the spectrum of healthcare facilities in the United States utilizing the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS).

Pediatric Ovarian Yolk Sac Tumor Mimicking Appendicitis: A Case Report From a Low-Resource Setting.

Ovarian yolk sac tumors (OYSTs), also known as endodermal sinus tumors, are rare and highly malignant germ cell tumors, accounting for approximately 1% of all ovarian cancers. They predominantly affect children and young adults, with a rapid growth rate and early metastasis, making early diagnosis and treatment crucial. This report presents the case of a 6-year-old female from a low-resource setting who initially presented with symptoms suggestive of acute appendicitis, including abdominal pain, fever, and vomiting.

Diagnostic challenges of acute appendicitis in preschool children: A comprehensive case-control study.

Aim: Acute appendicitis is a common surgical emergency in children, yet it poses diagnostic challenges in preschool children due to atypical presentation. This case-control study aims to evaluate the distinct characteristics of acute appendicitis in preschool compared to school-aged children.

Methods: Children under 5 years and a control group of children aged 5-10 years, operated on due to acute appendicitis at our institution during 2009-2022 were included.

Intra-peritoneal Povidone-iodine Irrigation Decreases Abscesses in a Perforated Appendicitis Murine Model.

Background: Children with perforated appendicitis frequently form post-operative intra-abdominal abscesses (IAA). Intra-peritoneal irrigation for prevention remains controversial. Using a perforated appendicitis murine model, we sought to determine the effect of intra-peritoneal irrigation on post-operative IAA and adhesion formation.

Unplanned Readmission Rate Before Interval Appendectomy After Nonoperative Management of Complicated Appendicitis.

Introduction: There remains clinical equipoise regarding the preference for upfront appendectomy or nonoperative management for patients with complicated appendicitis. However, the natural history of the appendix following nonoperative management and pending interval appendectomy in children is not well characterized, and the risk of recurrent appendicitis as a function of time from index admission not known.

Study Design: The Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) was queried for all patients younger than 18 with an ICD-10 diagnosis code for complicated appendicitis admitted between 2018-2021.

A Retrospective Study to Assess the Clinical Benefit of Ultrasound Scans Alone in the Diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis With Normal Biochemical Findings.

Introduction Acute appendicitis can affect patients of any age, although it is uncommon in the extremes of age. Timely diagnosis and management of acute appendicitis can have a significant positive effect on both patient care and the local population's wider health. A variety of different imaging modalities exists to investigate possible appendicitis including ultrasound (US) scan, computed tomography (CT) scan, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Preoperative Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio as a Predictive Marker of Postoperative Infectious Complications in Pediatric Patients With Acute Appendicitis.

Background Several studies have investigated the role of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in diagnosing and predicting the severity of acute appendicitis; however, few studies have analyzed its usefulness in pediatric appendicitis patients particularly in predicting postoperative complications. We investigated the role of NLR and assessed its clinical utility as a predictor of postoperative infectious complications in children with acute appendicitis. Methodology We performed a prospective cross-sectional study from July 2023 to July 2024 on 135 pediatric patients aged five to 12 years undergoing emergency appendectomy and having operative findings or histopathological confirmation of appendicitis.

The burden of adhesive bowel obstruction requiring surgery in children: a single-center retrospective review.

Purpose: Investigate causes, predictors, and complications of adhesive bowel obstruction (ABO) necessitating surgery in children.

Methods: Single-center retrospective review of operative cases classified as 'adhesive bowel obstruction ' between May 2014 and December 2023. Parameters assessed included previous surgeries, operative time (indicative of adhesion extent), length of stay and postoperative complications.

Risk Factors for Postoperative Intra-Abdominal Abscess in Pediatric Perforated Appendicitis Following Laparoscopic Appendectomy: A Multicenter Analysis.

Background: Perforated appendicitis in children is a frequently encountered and significant surgical condition. The treatment of choice is laparoscopic appendectomy, but this carries a risk of postoperative intra-abdominal abscess (IAA). The purpose of this study was to determine risk factors linked to the occurrence of IAA following laparoscopic surgery in pediatric perforated appendicitis.