Hymenoptera venom allergy in children.

From a taxonomic point of view, Hymenoptera are subclassified into families: Apidae, including honeybees (Apis mellifera) and bumblebees (Bombus), and Vespidae, which, in turn, are divided into the subfamilies of Vespinae (wasps, including hornets, vespules, dolichovespules) and Polistinae (paper wasp). Hypersensitivity to Hymenoptera venom can be linked to immunological (IgE-mediated or non-IgE-mediated) and non-immunological mechanisms. Reactions are classified into local reactions, large local reactions, systemic reactions, toxic reactions, and unusual reactions.

Primary prevention of food allergy: beyond early introduction.

Food allergy typically begins early in life and persists as a lifelong condition. Delayed introduction of allergenic foods followed by years of hesitancy to introduce these foods early may have contributed to the increase in food allergy prevalence in recent decades. Most infant feeding guidelines focus on the importance of early introduction of allergenic foods in infants at around age 4-6 months.

Treatment of food allergy: Immunotherapy, omalizumab, or both.

Food allergy is a common disease which has substantial impacts on the quality of life of patients and their families, and all reactions have the potential for causing life-threatening anaphylaxis. Food allergic individuals currently have 2 FDA approved therapeutic options available to them aside from life-long allergen avoidance: oral immunotherapy (OIT), and omalizumab. OIT for food allergy has been extensively studied in clinical trials and currently provides the greatest level of protection, however it also has a high burden of treatment.

Food Allergy Genetics and Epigenetics: A Review of Genome-Wide Association Studies.

In this review, we provide an overview of food allergy genetics and epigenetics aimed at clinicians and researchers. This includes a brief review of the current understanding of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, inheritance of food allergy, as well as a discussion of advantages and limitations of the different types of studies in genetic research. We specifically focus on the results of genome-wide association studies in food allergy, which have identified 16 genetic variants that reach genome-wide significance, many of which overlap with other allergic diseases, including asthma, atopic dermatitis, and allergic rhinitis.

National trends in the prevalence and recurrence of anaphylaxis across all ages: The role of neighborhood deprivation and comorbidity (2002-2019).

Background: Understanding the trends of anaphylaxis and risk factors associated with its recurrence is essential for the effective management and prevention of this condition.

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the prevalence trends of anaphylaxis and identify risk factors for recurrence, with a focus on the influence of neighborhood deprivation and comorbidities, across all age groups.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective administrative cohort study on anaphylaxis utilizing the National Health Insurance-National Sample Cohort (NHIS-NSC) database in Korea (2002-2019).

The efficacy and safety of stepwise oral food challenge in children with hen's egg allergy.

Background: Oral food challenge (OFC) is the gold standard for diagnosing food allergies (FAs) but carries the risk of anaphylactic reaction. Stepwise OFC, starting with a low dose of allergen and progressing to medium and full doses, is effective in determining a tolerable dose. We retrospectively evaluated the results of a stepwise OFC for hen's egg (HE) to demonstrate its safety and efficacy.

Tree Nut Allergy in Children-What Do We Know? -A Review.

Food allergy represents a significant public health concern, with its prevalence increasing in recent decades. Tree nuts are among major allergenic foods, and allergies to them are frequently linked to severe and potentially life-threatening reactions. Data on the prevalence and natural history of tree nut allergy are limited.

Dupilumab as an Adjunct to Oral Immunotherapy in Pediatric Patients With Peanut Allergy.

Background: Peanut allergy is a common, life-threatening food allergy in children. We evaluated whether dupilumab, which blocks the activity of interleukin (IL)-4/IL-13, enhances the efficacy of oral immunotherapy (OIT) AR101 in pediatric patients with peanut allergy.

Methods: A Phase II, multicenter, randomized, double-blind study was conducted in the USA (NCT03682770) in pediatric patients (6-≤ 17 years old) with confirmed peanut allergy.

Understanding Experiences, Barriers, and Facilitators of Safe Airline Travel: A Global Survey of Food Allergy Patients and Caregivers.

Background: The global prevalence of food allergy (FA) has increased markedly across recent decades, with millions of patients engaging in airline travel each year. However, air travel can pose specific challenges to FA management.

Objective: To collect global data about patients' and families' FA-related airline travel experiences, attitudes, and behaviors.

A health economic analysis of noninjectable epinephrine compared with intramuscular epinephrine.

Background: Noninjectable epinephrine to treat allergic reactions addresses an unmet need. Intranasal epinephrine is approved and a sublingual form is under development. Inhaled epinephrine is poorly studied for anaphylaxis.

Infusion Reactions to Infliximab in Pediatric Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Infliximab (IFX) is a recombinant DNA-derived chimeric IgG monoclonal antibody protein that inhibits tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). IFX, like other agents derived from foreign proteins, can cause infusion reactions both during and after the infusion. The incidence of infusion reactions ranges between 0% and 15% in pediatric patients.

Multiomics approaches disclose very-early molecular and cellular switches during insect-venom allergen-specific immunotherapy: an observational study.

Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) induces immune tolerance, showing the highest success rate (>95%) for insect venom while a much lower chance for pollen allergy. However, the molecular switches leading to successful durable tolerance restoration remain elusive. The primary outcome of this observational study is the comprehensive immunological cellular characterization during the AIT initiation phase, whereas the secondary outcomes are the serological and Th2-cell-type-specific transcriptomic analyses.

School Teachers' Knowledge and Attitudes Related to Anaphylactic Reactions: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction: Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction marked by a sudden onset of symptoms affecting multiple bodily systems, and if not addressed promptly, it can lead to fatal outcomes. The primary clinical manifestations often involve skin rash, respiratory distress, and cardiovascular symptoms. Identifying these signs early is crucial for timely intervention, including the administration of epinephrine, aiming to prevent loss of life.