Analysis of Complications of a Neglected Disease: 13 Years of Experience with Liver Hydatid Cysts in a High-Volume Hospital.

: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical presentation, treatment outcomes, and complications associated with hepatic hydatid cysts in a pediatric population. : This retrospective study analyzed 214 pediatric patients with liver hydatid cysts, focusing on clinical presentation, treatment outcomes, and associated complications. Patients were classified based on treatment modality, including non-operative management with albendazole, PAIR, and surgical intervention.

Laparoscopic pyeloplasty in neonates and infants is safe and efficient.

Introduction: Dismembered laparoscopic pyeloplasty (LP) is a well-accepted treatment modality for ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) in children. However, its efficacy and safety in infants, particularly neonates, remain uncertain. To address this significant knowledge gap, we aimed to compare outcomes between a cohort of neonates and infants undergoing LP vs.

Immune Specific and Tumor-Dependent mRNA Vaccines for Cancer Immunotherapy: Reprogramming Clinical Translation into Tumor Editing Therapy.

Extensive research into mRNA vaccines for cancer therapy in preclinical and clinical trials has prepared the ground for the quick development of immune-specific mRNA vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therapeutic cancer vaccines based on mRNA are well tolerated, and are an attractive choice for future cancer immunotherapy. Ideal personalized tumor-dependent mRNA vaccines could stimulate both humoral and cellular immunity by overcoming cancer-induced immune suppression and tumor relapse.

Tumor cell metabolic reprogramming and hypoxic immunosuppression: driving carcinogenesis to metastatic colonization.

A significant factor in the antitumor immune response is the increased metabolic reprogramming of immunological and malignant cells. Increasing data points to the fact that cancer metabolism affects not just cancer signaling, which is essential for maintaining carcinogenesis and survival, but also the expression of immune cells and immune-related factors such as lactate, PGE2, arginine, IDO, which regulate the antitumor immune signaling mechanism. In reality, this energetic interaction between the immune system and the tumor results in metabolic competition in the tumor ecosystem, limiting the amount of nutrients available and causing microenvironmental acidosis, which impairs the ability of immune cells to operate.

Is testicular fixation to the scrotum necessary in patients with undescended testis? A comparative study.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the outcome of undescended testicle patients with and without transparenchymal sutures.

Patients And Methods: Patients were divided into two distinct groups for evaluation: Group 1 (Testicular Fixation +): this group comprised 41 patients who underwent a procedure that involved testicular fixation. Group 2 (Testicular Fixation -): this group included 47 patients who had not undergone any testicular fixation.

Immunoengineering via Chimeric Antigen Receptor-T Cell Therapy: Reprogramming Nanodrug Delivery.

Following its therapeutic effect in hematological metastasis, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has gained a great deal of attention during the last years. However, the effectiveness of this treatment has been hampered by a number of challenges, including significant toxicities, difficult access to tumor locations, inadequate therapeutic persistence, and manufacturing problems. Developing novel techniques to produce effective CARs, administer them, and monitor their anti-tumor activity in CAR-T cell treatment is undoubtedly necessary.

Intestinal obstruction due to giant liver cyst: A case report.

Background: Congenital hepatic cysts are relatively rare but are now diagnosed earlier and more frequently with a routine prenatal ultrasound. Solitary liver cysts are divided into simple and solitary intrahepatic biliary cysts, depending on the biliary connection. While some solitary liver cysts are symptomatic in childhood, even in newborns, they are often found incidentally in adults.

Speech and Burden of Secondary Surgical Interventions Following One-Stage Repair of Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate and Alveolar Bone Grafting Performed at Different Timings.

A comprehensive assessment of the treatment outcome in cleft lip and palate involves evaluating speech and the impact of speech-correcting surgical interventions. This retrospective case-control study compared the speech outcomes of 37 boys and 19 girls with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) who underwent one-stage cleft repair at an average age of 8.1 months and alveolar bone grafting either before or after 6 years of age, with a non-cleft control group at an average age of 10 years.

The Results of Pneumatic Balloon Dilatation Treatment in Children with Achalasia: A Single-Center Experience.

Background/aims: Achalasia is a primary motility disorder characterized by a relaxation disorder of the lower esophageal sphincter. In pneumatic balloon dilatation, which is one of the treatment methods, the muscle fibers are torn with an endoscopically inflated balloon in the lower esophageal sphincter. This study aimed to evaluate the results of long-term pneumatic balloon dilatation treatment in our clinic for children diagnosed with achalasia.

Acquired intra abdominal testis due to adhesions after necrotizing enterocolitis.

Undescendent testis happens usually due to the stagnation during testicular descends. Stagnation of a testicle in the abdomen may be the target of adhesions with intestinal segments. Our case report a very rare variant of acquired intra-abdominal cryptorchidism due to adhesions after necrotizing enterocolitis.

Commentary: Technical Advancement of Pectus Bar Stabilization in Chest Wall Deformity Surgery: A 10-Year Trend and Appraisal with 1,500 Patients.

See Article page 229.

Prehospital Trauma Scoring Systems for Evaluation of Trauma Severity and Prediction of Outcomes.

Introduction: Trauma scoring systems in prehospital settings are supposed to ensure the most appropriate in-hospital treatment of the injured.

Aim Of The Study: To determine the sensitivity and specificity of the CRAMS scale (circulation, respiration, abdomen, motor and speech), RTS score (revised trauma score), MGAP (mechanism, Glasgow Coma Scale, age, arterial pressure) and GAP (Glasgow Coma Scale, age, arterial pressure) scoring systems in prehospital settings in order to evaluate trauma severity and to predict the outcome.

Materials And Methods: A prospective, observational study was conducted.

Comparison of Negative Pressure Wound Therapy (NPWT) and Classical Wet to Moist Dressing (WtM) in the Treatment of Complicated Extremity Wounds in Children.

Treating complicated wounds in the pediatric population using traditional wet to moist wound dressing methods is not always appropriate due to the frequent need to change dressings daily or even a number of times a day, causing distress to the patient. Topical negative pressure is a method that allows for fewer dressings and provides localized benefits, thus accelerating wound healing. The merits of this therapy have been proven in studies on adults, but research on the pediatric population is scarce.

Consequences of Transplacental Transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 Virus: A Single-Center Experience.

The issues of vertical viral transmission from mother to fetus and the potential complications caused by SARS-CoV-2 coagulopathy are still unclear. There are few literature data about the vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and health outcomes in neonates born to mothers with symptomatic or asymptomatic coronavirus disease, with the existing data based on small sample sizes. This case series study consists of two newborn children (one pre-term and one term) who were born to SARS-CoV-2-positive mothers and admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit a few hours after birth.

A Case of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Presenting as Acute Appendicitis and Pancreatitis.

Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) is characterized by an inflammation with fever, elevated inflammatory markers, conjunctivitis, rash, impaired coagulation, gastrointestinal symptoms and cardiac abnormalities that may progress to multiorgan failure. The presence of a positive COVID-19 antigen via a PCR test, serological testing for antibodies or close contact with a person diagnosed with COVID-19 helps differentiate MIS-C from other diseases. Gastrointestinal symptoms are recognized to be associated with COVID-19 infection or MIS-C in children, presenting as abdominal pain, gastrointestinal infection with watery stools, appendicitis, ileitis, pancreatitis and hepatitis, confusing the diagnosis with other gastrointestinal diseases.

The Effect of Sugammadex on Time of Sciatic Block by Perineural Bupivacaine in Rats.

Objectives: We aimed to investigate the effect of sugammadex on the motor, sensory and deep sensory block in the sciatic nerve created by bupivacaine in rats.

Materials And Methods: 18 Sprague-Dawley adult male rats treated with unilateral sciatic nerve block by bupivacaine (0.2 ml) were randomly divided into three groups.

Importance of a Follow-Up Ultrasound Protocol in Monitoring Posttraumatic Spleen Complications in Children Treated with a Non-Operative Management.

: For the last three decades, non-operative management (NOM) has been the standard in the treatment of clinically stable patients with blunt spleen injury, with a success rate of up to 95%. However, there are no prospective issues in the literature dealing with the incidence and type of splenic complications after NOM. : This study analyzed 76 pediatric patients, up to the age of 18, with blunt splenic injury who were treated non-operatively.

Wide Fontanels, Delayed Speech Development and Hoarse Voice as Useful Signs in the Diagnosis of KBG Syndrome: A Clinical Description of 23 Cases with Pathogenic Variants Involving the Gene or Submicroscopic Chromosomal Rearrangements of 16q24.3.

KBG syndrome is a neurodevelopmental autosomal dominant disorder characterized by short stature, macrodontia, developmental delay, behavioral problems, speech delay and delayed closing of fontanels. Most patients with KBG syndrome are found to have a mutation in the gene or a chromosomal rearrangement involving this gene. We hereby present clinical evaluations of 23 patients aged 4 months to 26 years manifesting clinical features of KBG syndrome.

Evaluation of dynamic/thiol disulphide balance and ischaemia modified albumin in children with trauma.

Aim: Trauma is the most common cause of death in childhood. Tissue damage, ischaemia-reperfusion injury and inflammatory response are mainly responsible for increasing free oxygen radicals. In this study, we aimed to investigate the use of thiol-disulphide and ischaemia-modified albumin levels as a diagnostic laboratory parameter in trauma children.

A Case of Tracheal Stenosis as an Isolated Form of Immunoproliferative Hyper-IgG4 Disease in a 17-Year-Old Girl.

Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a lymphoproliferative disease which is described almost exclusively in adults. There are only a few pediatric patients who have been observed with this disorder. Here, we describe a rare case of IgG4-RD in a 17-year-old girl with a single manifestation-tracheal stenosis without previous intubation or other inciting event.