Invasive group A streptococcal infections as a consequence of coexisting or previous viral infection in the post-COVID-19 pandemic period.

Background: Group A Streptococci (GAS) may cause infections of the pharynx and soft tissues and invasive infections in children (iGAS). A significant increase in severe iGAS infections has been reported in Europe since the fall of 2022.

Objectives: This retrospective study aims to analyse clinical data of children with invasive and non-invasive GAS infections in the post-COVID-19 pandemic era, searching for predisposing factors to developing invasive infections.

Definition of sinonasal and otological exacerbation in patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia: an expert consensus.

Background: Recurrent infections of the nose, sinuses and ears are common problems for people with primary ciliary dyskinesia. While pulmonary exacerbations in primary ciliary dyskinesia are defined, there is no definition for ear-nose-throat exacerbations, a potential outcome for research and clinical trials.

Methods: We set up an expert panel of 24 ear-nose-throat specialists, respiratory physicians, other healthcare professionals and patients to develop consensus definitions of sinonasal and otological exacerbations in children and adults with primary ciliary dyskinesia for research settings.

Automated Evaluation of Antibiotic Prescribing Guideline Concordance in Pediatric Sinusitis Clinical Notes.

Background: Ensuring antibiotics are prescribed only when necessary is crucial for maintaining their effectiveness and is a key focus of public health initiatives worldwide. In cases of sinusitis, among the most common reasons for antibiotic prescriptions in children, healthcare providers must distinguish between bacterial and viral causes based on clinical signs and symptoms. However, due to the overlap between symptoms of acute sinusitis and viral upper respiratory infections, antibiotics are often over-prescribed.

[Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of chronic sinusitis in children].

Pediatric chronic sinusitis （CRS） is a common disease within the field of otolaryngology-head and neck surgery. Due to the immaturity of sinus development and immune competence in children, its etiology and pathophysiology are complex, and its clinical features and outcomes differ significantly from those in adult patients. Currently, there are issues in the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric CRS, particularly in areas such as antibiotic use and surgical interventions, owing to a lack of sufficient attention.

Subperiosteal Abscess of the Orbit: Long-term Trends in Bacteriology and Clinical Outcomes and Current Management Recommendations.

Purpose: To evaluate the impact over time of evolving upper respiratory pathogens, modified microbial terminology, and improved laboratory isolation on the bacteriology and management of sinusitis-related subperiosteal abscess of the orbit.

Methods: Comparative case series of pediatric patients with bacterial sinusitis-related subperiosteal abscess from 2012 to 2022. Outcomes, culture results, age-specific findings, and antibiotic duration were compared with those in 1977 to 1992, 1988 to 1998, 1999 to 2008, and 2002 to 2012 cohorts at the same institution.

Orbital Abscess With Vision Threatening Optic Neuropathy Due to Odontogenic Sinusitis in Adolescence: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Orbital abscesses secondary to odontogenic infections are rare but can lead to serious complications, including compressive optic neuropathy and permanent vision loss, if not diagnosed and treated promptly. We present the case of a 13-year-old child with a radiologically confirmed orbital abscess associated with a recent odontogenic infection. The patient initially presented with a one-week history of right eyelid swelling and fever.

[Optimized interdisciplinary approach in the treatment of maxillary sinus upper wall fractures in children].

Unlabelled: Rehabilitation of children with fractures of the upper wall of the maxillary sinus remains relevant due to the need for a balanced approach to treatment, which would take into account both the features of traumatic injuries in children and the specifics of their age development. The article describes a technique for combined (endoscopic transnasal and transconjunctival) surgical treatment of children with fractures of the upper wall of the maxillary sinus using a sinus balloon catheter.

Objective: To study the effectiveness and safety of the functional method of treating fractures of the upper wall of the maxillary sinus using endoscopic sinus surgery and a sinus balloon catheter.

Clinical Significance of Isolated Sphenoid Sinusitis Identified in Pediatric Patients Presenting with Headache.

: Brain imaging studies in pediatric patients with headaches often reveal inflammation of the sphenoid sinus. When we encounter patients presenting with headaches without respiratory symptoms, determining the causal relationship between isolated sphenoid sinusitis observed in brain imaging studies and headache is challenging. This study aims to evaluate the clinical characteristics of pediatric patients with headaches and isolated sphenoid sinusitis identified by brain imaging studies and to determine the effects of antibiotics on headache relief.

The Future of Odontogenic Sinusitis.

This article discusses the exciting future of odontogenic sinusitis (ODS) in the context of recent advancements in ODS understanding. It emphasizes the importance of integrating ODS into the broader framework of sinonasal diseases and highlights the need for multidisciplinary collaboration among otolaryngologists and dental specialists to optimize clinical outcomes, research, and education. Key challenges include refining dental and sinus pathophysiologic understandings, establishing widely accepted diagnostic criteria, and optimizing multidisciplinary treatment pathways.

Evaluation and treatment of rhinosinusitis with primary antibody deficiency in children: Evidence-based review with recommendations.

Background: There is clear evidence that prevalence of primary antibody deficiency (PAD) is higher in children with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) than in the general population. The purpose of this multi-institutional and multidisciplinary evidence-based review with recommendations (EBRR) is to thoroughly review the literature on rhinosinusitis with PAD, summarize the existing evidence, and provide recommendations on the evaluation and management of rhinosinusitis in children with PAD.

Methods: The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were systematically reviewed from inception through December 2023.

The continuous rise in orbital subperiosteal abscess incidence in the Iranian pediatric population.

In this study, we aimed to follow up on the surprising increase in the incidence of orbital subperiosteal abscesses (SPA) reported in the Iranian pediatric population in the post-COVID era. Pediatric patients (≤ 18 years old) diagnosed with orbital SPA following acute sinusitis who were hospitalized between October 1st, 2023, and March 31st, 2024 in Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran, were included. Demographic, clinical, microbiologic, and radiological characteristics of patients were reviewed.

Patient-reported outcome measures for acute rhinosinusitis in adults and children: a systematic review of the quality of existing instruments.

Background: Acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) is a self-limiting inflammation of the nose and sinuses caused by viral or bacterial infections that requires primarily symptomatic treatment. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are suitable tools for the assessment of the effectiveness of remedies for ARS from the patient's perspective in clinical trials and real-world studies. Data regarding the quality of existing PROMs for ARS are limited.

Langerhans cell histiocytosis in sphenoid sinus with vision impairment: Case report and literature review.

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a neoplastic disease characterized by aberrant proliferation of the mononuclear phagocyte system, predominantly affecting children under the age of 3 years. Although LCH can affect almost all organs, sinus involvement is rare. This case report documents a 9-year-old boy presented with vision impairment and intermittent headache on the right side.

Pneumocephalus: A Rare Complication of Sinusitis in a Pediatric Patient.

Pneumocephalus is uncommon, mostly arising as a result of surgery, trauma, infection, or neoplasm. Spontaneous occurrence is extremely rare and few case studies have been published. Pneumocephalus may also present as a complication of sinusitis and is a potential emergency.