Predictors of breakthrough invasive fungal infections (BIFI) in pediatric acute leukemia: a retrospective analysis and predictive model development.

Objective: This study aims to identify key risk factors associated with the development of breakthrough invasive fungal infections (BIFI) in pediatric acute leukemia patients to improve early detection and intervention strategies.

Method: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 160 pediatric patients with acute leukemia admitted to Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital between October 2018 and June 2022. The study evaluated the impact of various clinical parameters on BIFI risk using univariate and multivariable analyses, with data including patient demographics, treatment regimens, and infection outcomes.

Sex differences in brain functional specialization and interhemispheric cooperation among children with autism spectrum disorders.

The prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) differs substantially between males and females, suggesting that sex-related neurodevelopmental factors are central to ASD pathogenesis. Numerous studies have suggested that abnormal brain specialization patterns and poor regional cooperation contribute to ASD pathogenesis, but relatively little is known about the related sex differences. Therefore, this study examined sex differences in brain functional specialization and cooperation among children with ASD.

Upfront Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation Versus Immunosuppressive Therapy for Pediatric Patients With Idiopathic Severe Aplastic Anemia.

Umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT) has been rarely reported as a first-line treatment for idiopathic severe aplastic anemia (SAA) patients lacking HLA-matched sibling donors (MSD). Our study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of pediatric SAA patients who received UCBT and immunosuppressive therapy (IST) upfront. A retrospective analysis was performed on 43 consecutive patients who received frontline IST (n = 17) or UCBT (n = 26) between July 2017 and April 2022.

Clinical characteristics and follow-up of a newborn with Dubin-Johnson Syndrome: A clinical case report.

Background: Dubin-Johnson syndrome (DJS) is a rare autosomal recessive liver disorder, characterized by conjugated hyperbilirubinemia. This case report investigates the clinical characteristics and longitudinal outcomes of a neonate diagnosed with DJS.

Methods: A newborn presented with elevated bilirubin levels and abnormal liver enzyme readings.

The novel HLA-C*04:01:152 allele, identified by Sanger dideoxy nucleotide sequencing in a Chinese individual.

HLA-C*04:01:152 differs from HLA-C*04:01:01:01 by one nucleotide in exon 1.

Feasibility of high-throughput drug sensitivity screening (HDS)-guided treatment for children with refractory or relapsed acute myeloid leukemia.

Relapsed/refractory (rel/ref) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has a very high mortality rate. At present, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the most effective treatment for rel/ref AML. The remission of the primary disease before HSCT is crucial for the transplantation to be effective.

[Efficacy and mechanism of scalp acupuncture for spastic cerebral palsy].

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of scalp acupuncture for spastic cerebral palsy (CP), and to explore its possible mechanism based on brain white matter fiber bundles, nerve growth related proteins and inflammatory cytokines.

Methods: A total of 90 children with spastic CP were randomly divided into a scalp acupuncture group and a sham scalp acupuncture group, 45 cases in each group. The children in the two groups were treated with conventional comprehensive rehabilitation treatment.

Analysis of gene mutations in adverse events during first induction chemotherapy in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Background: The rat sarcoma virus () pathway controls cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, which have been implicated in the pathogenesis of various hematological malignancies. Prognostic importance of gene mutation, relatively frequently in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), has been debated. We aimed to study gene mutation profile and prognosis in 93 children with newly diagnosed ALL.

Effect of early initiation of enteral nutrition on short-term clinical outcomes of very premature infants: A national multicenter cohort study in China.

Objectives: The management of enteral nutrition in very preterm infants (VPIs) is still controversial, and there is no consensus on the optimal time point after birth at which enteral nutrition can be started. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of early initiation of enteral nutrition on the short-term clinical outcomes of VPIs.

Methods: Data of infants (n = 2514) born before 32 wk of gestation were collected from 28 hospitals located in seven different regions of China.

Effectiveness of WeChat-group-based parental health education in preventing unintentional injuries among children aged 0-3: randomized controlled trial in Shanghai.

Background: Unintentional injuries to children are a major public health problem. The online social media is a potential way to implement health education for caregivers in online communities. Using WeChat, a free and popular social media service in China, this study evaluated the effectiveness of social online community-based parental health education in preventing unintentional injuries in children aged 0-3.

Characteristics of emotional gaze on threatening faces in children with autism spectrum disorders.

Most evidence suggested that individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experienced gaze avoidance when looking at the eyes compared to typically developing (TD) individuals. Children with ASD magnified their fears when received threatening stimuli, resulting in a reduced duration of eye contact. Few studies have explored the gaze characteristics of children with ASD by dividing emotional faces into threatening and non-threatening pairs.

Human Milk Fortification in Very Preterm Infants in China: A Multicenter Survey.

Aim: To investigate the use of human milk fortifier (HMF) for very preterm infants (VPIs) and complications and nutritional status of VPIs due to various breast milk enhancement strategies among the Chinese population.

Methods: VPIs with birth weight < 1,800 g and wholly or predominantly breastfed were assigned to the following fortification groups: no HMF, early HMF (adding HMF at an enteral volume of ≤ 80 ml·kg·day), middle HMF (adding HMF at an enteral volume of 80-100 ml·kg·day), and late HMF (adding HMF at an enteral volume of ≥100 ml·kg·day). The growth status and complications for various groups were evaluated.

[Interfacility transport with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in pediatric patients: a multicenter study in China].

To investigate application and safety of pediatric interfacility-transport with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in China. The data of 48 patients transported inter-hospital from February 2016 to May 2018 were collected from the following 4 centers: pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of Bayi Children's Hospital Affiliated to the 7th Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Pediatric Hospital of Fudan University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital and Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine. The data of patients' characteristics, ECMO mode and wean rate, and mortality were reviewed, which was further compared with the data of 57 compatible inner-hospital ECMO cases with test, Rank sum test or chi-square test.

Multidrug-resistant clones of community-associated meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from Chinese children and the resistance genes to clindamycin and mupirocin.

This study aimed to correlate the multidrug resistance (MDR) and sequence type (ST) clones of community-associated (CA) meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) to identify the genes responsible for clindamycin and mupirocin resistance in S. aureus isolates from paediatric hospitals in mainland China. A total of 435 S.

Superantigen gene profiles and presence of exfoliative toxin genes in community-acquired meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from Chinese children.

This study aimed to evaluate the distribution of superantigen gene profiles and the presence of exfoliative toxin genes in community-acquired meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) isolated from Chinese children, and simultaneously to assess virulence gene profiles and genetic background. Of the CA-MRSA isolates, 88.9 % (88/99) harboured toxin genes, with sek as the most frequent toxin gene (62.

[Clinical analysis and screening for SCN1A gene mutation in two pedigrees of generalized epilepsies with febrile seizures plus].

Objective: To study the clinical and genetic characteristics of generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus (GEFS).

Methods: Data of two probands of the disease were collected through outpatient clinic. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes using RelaxGene Blood DNA System.

[Amplitude-integrated electroencephalographic monitoring in early diagnosis and neurological outcome prediction of term infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy].

Objective: To study the changes of the amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) tracings within 6 hours after birth in term infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and explore the value of aEEG in early diagnosis and prediction of neurological outcome in term infants.

Methods: From May 2003 to February 2005, 33 term infants with HIE at the Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Hospital of Fudan University were studied by aEEG within 6 hours after birth. The results of aEEG were categorized into three groups (normal, mildly abnormal and severely abnormal aEEG), while HIE was clinically classified into three grades (mild, moderate and severe) and the neurological outcomes at 18 months were assessed (normal, disabled and dead).

[Detection of enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus A16 from children with hand, foot and mouth disease in Shanghai, 2002].

Objective: It was noticed that coxsackievirus A16 (CA16) and enterovirus 71 (EV71) were two major etiological agents of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in children. Recently there were several large outbreaks of HFMD in the Asia-Pacific region, and there was a propensity to cause severe complications or death in children under 5 years of age. The severe forms were associated with EV71 infection.