QRFP administration into the medial hypothalamic nuclei improves memory in rats.

Even though several of RFamide peptides have been shown to modify memory and learning processes in different species, almost nothing is known regarding cognitive effects of recently discovered neuropeptide QRFP. Considering multiple physiological functions of QRFP, localization of QRFP-synthesizing neurons in the hypothalamus and its' widely spread binding sites within the CNS, the present study was designed to investigate the possible role of QRFP in the consolidation of spatial memory. As target area for microinjection, the medial hypothalamic area, including dorsomedial (DMN) and ventromedial (VMN) nuclei, has been chosen.

How Do Experienced Professors Teach Palliative Medicine in European Universities? A Cross-Case Analysis of Eight Undergraduate Educational Programs.

Background: In Europe in recent decades, university teaching of palliative medicine (PM) has evolved. In some countries it has been introduced as a compulsory subject in all medical schools, but in a majority of countries it remains an isolated subject at few universities.

Objective: To explore how PM has been introduced into the curricula and how it is currently being taught at different European universities.

Hospice Palliative Care Development in Hungary.

During the past 25 years, many developmental steps have occurred in Hungary in palliative care. Further education and service development is needed to provide a quality palliative care for all the Hungarian people. Hungary has a universal health care system with a developed infrastructure.

Effects of RFamide-related peptide-1 (RFRP-1) microinjections into the central nucleus of amygdala on passive avoidance learning in rats.

The amygdaloid body (AMY) plays an important role in memory, learning and reward-related processes. RFRP-1 immunoreactive fibers and NPFF receptors were identified in the AMY, and previously we verified that RFRP-1 infused into the central nucleus of AMY (CeA) induced place preference. The aim of the present study was to examine the possible effects of RFRP-1 in the CeA on passive avoidance learning.

Overview of Integrative Medicine Practices and Policies in NATO Participant Countries.

CAMbrella is a European research network for complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). Between January 2010 and December 2013 the CAMbrella consortium reviewed the status of CAM in Europe from the perspectives of: (1) terminology for description; (2) citizens' needs and expectations; (3) patients' usage patterns; (4) providers' practice patterns; and (5) regulatory and legal status in Europe. Together, this data was used to form a set of recommendations to the European Commission, the European Parliament, and national policy makers and civil society stakeholders.

Effects of direct QRFP-26 administration into the medial hypothalamic area on food intake in rats.

The RFamide peptide family comprises a number of biologically active peptides sharing RF motif at their C-terminal end. These peptides are involved in the control of multiple physiological functions including regulation of metabolism and feeding behavior. QRFP-43 as well as its 26-aminoacid residue QRFP-26 are able to cause orexigenic effect when administered to the rodents' cerebral ventricles.

Positive reinforcing effects of RFamide-related peptide-1 in the rat central nucleus of amygdala.

The amygdaloid body (AMY) plays an important role in memory, learning and reward-related processes. RFamide-related peptide-1 (RFRP-1) immunoreactive fibers and NPFF1 receptors were identified in the AMY, and previously we verified that neuropeptide RFRP-1 infused into the central nucleus of AMY (CeA) caused food intake decrease. The aim of the present study was to examine the possible rewarding or aversive effects of RFRP-1 in the CeA.

Effects of ventral pallidal D1 dopamine receptor activation on memory consolidation in morris water maze test.

In the present experiments, in adult male Wistar rats, the effect of microinjection of the D1 dopamine receptor agonist SKF38393 into the ventral pallidum on memory consolidation, as well as on resistance of the resulting memory trace against extinction were investigated in Morris water maze test. SKF38393 was applied in three doses (0.1, 1.

Intraamygdaloid microinjection of RFamide-related peptide-3 decreases food intake in rats.

Some members of the RFamide peptide family are associated with feeding in rodents. For example, neuropeptide FF and prolactin-releasing peptide cause anorexigenic, while 26RFa and QRFP result in orexigenic effects. I.

Role of D1 dopamine receptors of the ventral pallidum in inhibitory avoidance learning.

The mesolimbic dopaminergic system (MLDS) originating from the ventral tegmental area has important role in the regulation of motivation, learning and memory. The ventral pallidum (VP), innervated by the MLDS, is involved in the regulation of adaptive behavior, but its exact role is not known in inhibitory avoidance learning. The VP contains both D1 and D2 dopamine receptors, but the density of the former subtype is more excessive.

Microinjection of RFRP-1 in the central nucleus of amygdala decreases food intake in the rat.

Several members of the RFamide peptide family are known to have role in the regulation of feeding. For example, neuropeptide FF and prolactin-releasing peptide cause anorexigenic, while 26RFa and QRFP result in orexigenic effects in rodents. I.

The role of neurotensin in passive avoidance learning in the rat central nucleus of amygdala.

Tridecapeptide neurotensin (NT) acts as a neurotransmitter and/or neuromodulator and plays a role in learning and reinforcement. The central nucleus of amygdala (CeA), which is relatively rich in NT and neurotensin-1 receptors (NTS1), participates in the regulation of memory and learning mechanisms. The aim of this study was to examine the possible effect of NT and NTS1 antagonist (ANT) on passive avoidance learning after their microinjection into the CeA of male wistar rats.

Akt/protein B and estradiol receptor alpha expressions in postmenopausal endometrium.

Objective: Estrogen receptor interacts in several types of cells with phosphatidyl-inositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway regulating cell survival and apoptosis. No data are available of the Akt/PKB signaling and its role in the endometrial homeostasis of the postmenopausal uterus. The aim of the present investigation was to study the Akt/protein kinase B signaling in tissue samples retrieved from postmenopausal endometrium of the human uterus with parallel observation of the changes of the expression and phosphorylation of ERalpha.

Reduced capacity in automatic processing of facial expression in restrictive anorexia nervosa and obesity.

There is growing evidence that disordered eating is associated with facial expression recognition and emotion processing problems. In this study, we investigated the question of whether anorexia and obesity occur on a continuum of attention bias towards negative facial expressions in comparison with healthy individuals of normal weight. Thirty-three patients with restrictive anorexia nervosa (AN-R), 30 patients with obesity (OB) and 63 healthy age and social-economic status matched controls were recruited.

Taste reactivity deficit in anorexia nervosa.

Aim: Anorexia nervosa is a complex psychiatric disorder posing a rapidly increasing burden on modern societies. Our purpose was to clarify perceptual-motivational aspects of gustatory disturbances in the disease.

Methods: A taste reactivity test, with the use of all five primary qualities in two concentrations, was performed in restrictive-type anorexic patients, and their hedonic evaluations were compared to those of age-matched healthy control subjects.

Effects of neurotensin in amygdaloid spatial learning mechanisms.

Neurotensin (NT) acts as a neurotransmitter and/or neuromodulator and plays a role in learning and reward related processes. The central nucleus of amygdala (CeA) participates in the regulation of memory and learning mechanisms. In Morris water maze test, rats were microinjected with NT or neurotensin receptor-1 (NTS1) antagonist SR 48692 (ANT).

The role of neurotensin in positive reinforcement in the rat central nucleus of amygdala.

In the central nervous system neurotensin (NT) acts as a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator. It was shown that NT has positive reinforcing effects after its direct microinjection into the ventral tegmental area. The central nucleus of amygdala (CeA), part of the limbic system, plays an important role in learning, memory, regulation of feeding, anxiety and emotional behavior.

Explicit vs. implicit body image evaluation in restrictive anorexia nervosa.

In the present study we investigated the evaluation of body shapes in patients with restrictive anorexia nervosa (AN) on both automatic and controlled levels. The first aim of the study was to examine whether an ultra-thin ideal or negative attitudes toward overweight might be the motivation behind pathological restriction. The second aim was to investigate the relationship between body figure evaluations, eating disorder symptoms and mood.

Role of intraamygdaloid acylated-ghrelin in spatial learning.

According to recently published papers acylated-ghrelin (A-Ghr) modifies memory and learning. The basolateral nucleus of amygdala (ABL) participates in the regulation of memory and learning mechanisms. Previously we verified A-Ghr responsive neurons in the ABL by electrophysiological methods.

Involvement of FKHR (FOXO1) transcription factor in human uterus leiomyoma growth.

Objective: To study the expression of FOXO1 and pSer256-FOXO1 parallel to Akt and pSer473-Akt in leiomyoma compared with adjacent myometrium from human uteri.

Design: Prospective study.

Setting: University departments.

Neuronal activity in rat medial prefrontal cortex during sucrose solution intake.

The rat's prefrontal cortex plays a role in integration of feeding-related information. In this study, we investigated the neuronal activity changes of medial prefrontal cortex during licking of sucrose solution by freely moving rats. We found two different types of excitatory and two different types of inhibitory single neuron responses time locked to the beginning of the licking clusters.

Positive reinforcing effects of substance P in the rat central nucleus of amygdala.

Substance P (SP) can have positive reinforcing or aversive properties, depending on the dose used and the site of action in the brain. Experimental findings suggest that the amygdala is involved in reward-related processes. The presence of SP-immunoreactive fibers and cell bodies has been shown in the central nucleus (ACE) and neurokinin (NK)-1 and NK-3 receptors also could be found there.

Intraamygdaloid microinjection of acylated-ghrelin influences passive avoidance learning.

The brain-gut peptide acylated-ghrelin (A-Ghr) is a potent growth hormone (GH) secretagogue substance. A-Ghr is also known to influence on memory and learning processes. Its effect is mediated partly via GH secretagogue receptor (GHS-R) type 1a.

Effects of intraamygdaloid microinjections of acylated-ghrelin on liquid food intake of rats.

Ghrelin (Ghr) has two main forms in the blood: the acylated (A-Ghr) and non-acylated (NA-Ghr) Ghr. A-Ghr was discovered as a potent growth hormone (GH) secretion increasing substance acting on GH secretagouge receptor (GHS-R) type 1a. A-Ghr facilitates food intake after its i.