[Diagnosis of fragility and age resilience from a dynamical systems perspective.].

The concepts of fragility and resilience are often used together to describe elderly people with reduced physical activity. While fragility, which develops with the aging of the body, is a biological syndrome of a decrease in the stressors response resulting from cumulative regression in many physiological systems, and age related a comprehensive assessment of the ability resistance to stress. In this regard, it is important to develop systems and scales for the identification groups of risk among the elderly.

Foveal crowding for large and small Landolt Cs: Similarity and Attention.

We compare the recognition of foveal crowded Landolt Cs of two sizes: brief (40 ms), large, low-contrast Cs and high-contrast (1 sec) tests at the resolution limit of the visual system. In different series, the test Landolt C was surrounded by two identical distractors located symmetrically along the horizontal or by a single distractor. The distractors were Landolt Cs or rings.

[Speech intelligibility in adults after the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19)].

Objective: The research was aimed to assess speech intelligibility in adults after the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19), state of peripheral and central parts of auditory system and cognitive functions.

Material And Methods: 26 people complaining about hearing loss, poor speech intelligibility and/or tinnitus after COVID-19 were examined. All the patients underwent the basic audiological assessment before COVID-19.

Efficacy of Marker-Based Motion Capture for Respiratory Cycle Measurement: A Comparison with Spirometry.

Respiratory rate monitoring is fundamental in clinical settings, and the accuracy of measurement methods is critical. This study aimed to develop and validate methods for assessing respiratory rate and the duration leof respiratory cycle phases in different body positions using optoelectronic plethysmography (OEP) based on a motion capture video system. Two analysis methods, the summation method and the triangle method were developed.

Menthol dural application alters meningeal arteries tone and enhances excitability of trigeminocervical neurons in rats.

Headaches, including migraines, can have a causal relationship to exposure to cold, and this relationship may be both positive and negative, as cold can both provoke and alleviate cephalgia. The role of thermoreceptors responsible for transduction of low temperatures belongs to the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily melastatin member 8 (TRPM8). These channels mediate normal cooling sensation and have a role in both cold pain and cooling-mediated analgesia; they are seen as a potential target for principally new anti-migraine pharmaceuticals.

Activation of the spinal and brainstem locomotor networks during free treadmill stepping in rats lacking dopamine transporter.

Dopamine is extremely important for the multiple functions of the brain and spinal cord including locomotor behavior. Extracellular dopamine levels are controlled by the membrane dopamine transporter (DAT), and animals lacking DAT (DAT-KO) are characterized by hyperdopaminergia and several alterations of locomotion including hyperactivity. Neuronal mechanisms of such altered locomotor behavior are still not fully understood.

Neuroadaptive Biochemical Mechanisms of Remote Ischemic Conditioning.

This review summarizes the currently known biochemical neuroadaptive mechanisms of remote ischemic conditioning. In particular, it focuses on the significance of the pro-adaptive effects of remote ischemic conditioning which allow for the prevention of the neurological and cognitive impairments associated with hippocampal dysregulation after brain damage. The neuroimmunohumoral pathway transmitting a conditioning stimulus, as well as the molecular basis of the early and delayed phases of neuroprotection, including anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory components, are also outlined.

Temporal integration of sound motion: Motion-onset response and perception.

The purpose of our study was to estimate the time interval required for integrating the acoustical changes related to sound motion using both psychophysical and EEG measures. Healthy listeners performed direction identification tasks under dichotic conditions in the delayed-motion paradigm. Minimal audible movement angle (MAMA) has been measured over the range of velocities from 60 to 360 deg/s.

[Audiological testing in complex geriatric assessment of patients.].

The aim of the study is to evaluate the advantage of including audiological testing in the system of comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) of patients. The results of a survey of 988 elderly and senile people (average age 77±7,4 years) are presented, each of whom underwent a CGA and hearing assessment by filling out a questionnaire Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly, Screening version (HHIE-S). All patients were divided into two groups: the first group included 780 inpatient patients undergoing medical and social rehabilitation in different departments of the Saint-Petersburg City Geriatric Center.

Oxidative Stress Accompanies HIF1-Dependent Impairment of Glucose Metabolism in the Hippocampus of Adult Rats That Survived Prenatal Severe Hypoxia.

Introduction: Many socially significant diseases are associated with prenatal developmental disorders. Previously, we showed the pathological role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF1) in post-hypoxic reoxygenation. This study aimed to investigate the effect of prenatal severe hypoxia (PSH) on HIF1α protein expression as well as on HIF1-dependent activity of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and anaerobic glycolysis in the hippocampus (HPC) of offspring that reached adulthood.

Adam, amigo, brain, and K channel.

Voltage-dependent K (Kv) channels are diverse, comprising the classical  - Kv2,  - Kv1,  - Kv4, and  - Kv3 families. The family alone consists of Kv1.1, Kv1.

Calcium-binding protein parvalbumin in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia.

Parvalbumin is one of the calcium-binding proteins. In the spinal cord, it is mainly expressed in inhibitory neurons; in the dorsal root ganglia, it is expressed in proprioceptive neurons. In contrast to in the brain, weak systematization of parvalbumin-expressing neurons occurs in the spinal cord.

Mechanisms underlying the health benefits of intermittent hypoxia conditioning.

Intermittent hypoxia (IH) is commonly associated with pathological conditions, particularly obstructive sleep apnoea. However, IH is also increasingly used to enhance health and performance and is emerging as a potent non-pharmacological intervention against numerous diseases. Whether IH is detrimental or beneficial for health is largely determined by the intensity, duration, number and frequency of the hypoxic exposures and by the specific responses they engender.

Pheromone of grouped female mice impairs genome stability in male mice through stress-mediated pathways.

Population density is known to affect the health and survival of many species, and is especially important for social animals. In mice, living in crowded conditions results in the disruption of social interactions, chronic stress, and immune and reproductive suppression; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we investigated the role of chemosignals in the regulation of mouse physiology and behavior in response to social crowding.

[KE peptide regulates SIRT1, PARP1, PARP2 gene expression and protein synthesis in human mesenchymal stem cells aging.].

It was shown that KE peptide (Lys-Glu, vilon) has immunomodulatory, oncostatic and geroprotective effects. The aim of this work is to evaluate the effect of the KE peptide on gene expression and protein synthesis of SIRT1, PARP1, PARP2 during aging of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). The KE peptide increased gene expression and synthesis of the SIRT1 protein in «young» MSCs by 6 and 8,2 times, respectively.

Posture of Healthy Subjects Modulated by Transcutaneous Spinal Cord Stimulation.

Transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the spinal cord is used to restore locomotion and body weight support in patients with severe motor disorders. We studied the effects of this non-invasive stimulation on postural control in healthy subjects. Stimulation at the L1-L2 vertebrae was performed to activate the extensor muscles of the lower limbs.

Analgesic Effect of the Lysine-Containing Short Peptide Is Due to Modulation of the Na1.8 Channel Activation Gating System.

The present work continues our recent series of articles that aim to elucidate the ligand-receptor binding mechanism of short cationic peptides to the Na1.8 channel in the nociceptive neuron. The applied methodological approach has involved several methods: the patch-clamp experimental evaluation of the effective charge of the Na1.

The Aβ42 Peptide and IAPP Physically Interact in a Yeast-Based Assay.

Numerous studies have demonstrated that people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (associated with IAPP peptide aggregation) show an increased incidence of Alzheimer's disease (associated with Aβ aggregation), but the mechanism responsible for this correlation is presently unknown. Here, we applied a yeast-based model to study the interactions of IAPP with PrP (associated with TSEs) and with the Aβ42 peptide. We demonstrated that fluorescently tagged IAPP forms detergent-resistant aggregates in yeast cells.

The Influence of KE and EW Dipeptides in the Composition of the Thymalin Drug on Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis Involved in the Pathogenesis of COVID-19.

Thymalin is an immunomodulatory drug containing a polypeptide extract of thymus that has demonstrated efficacy in the therapy of acute respiratory distress syndrome and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, as well as in complex therapy related to severe COVID-19 in middle-aged and elderly patients.. KE and EW dipeptides are active substances of Thymalin.

Unveiling the Link: Exploring Mitochondrial Dysfunction as a Probable Mechanism of Hepatic Damage in Post-Traumatic Stress Syndrome.

PTSD is associated with disturbed hepatic morphology and metabolism. Neuronal mitochondrial dysfunction is considered a subcellular determinant of PTSD, but a link between hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction and hepatic damage in PTSD has not been demonstrated. Thus, the effects of experimental PTSD on the livers of high anxiety (HA) and low anxiety (LA) rats were compared, and mitochondrial determinants underlying the difference in their hepatic damage were investigated.

Courtship suppression in Drosophila melanogaster: The role of mating failure.

Drosophila melanogaster is a popular model organism in the study of memory due to a wide arsenal of methods used to analyze neuronal activity. The most commonly used tests in research of behavioral plasticity are shock avoidance associated with chemosensory cues and courtship suppression after mating failure. Many authors emphasize the value of courtship suppression as a model of behavior most appropriate to natural conditions.

Cell Therapy: A New Technology for Cerebral Circulation Restoration after Ischemia/Reperfusion.

Cell therapy with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may be a promising technique for cerebral blood flow restoration after transient ischemia. Before a practical application of the cell material, 7-9 days are required for its cultivation. We studied the efficacy of human MSC (hMSC) transplantation performed 7 days after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) to help recover cerebral circulation.

Transcutaneous Spinal Cord Stimulation Facilitates Respiratory Functional Performance in Patients with Post-Acute COVID-19.

Background: A growing number of studies have reported Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) related to both respiratory and central nervous system dysfunctions. This study evaluates the neuromodulatory effects of spinal cord transcutaneous stimulation (scTS) on the respiratory functional state in healthy controls and patients with post-COVID-19 respiratory deficits as a step toward the development of a rehabilitation strategy for these patients.

Methods: In this before-after, interventional, case-controlled clinical study, ten individuals with post-acute COVID-19 respiratory deficits and eight healthy controls received a single twenty-minute-long session of modulated monophasic scTS delivered over the T5 and T10 spinal cord segments.