Prolgolimab with chemotherapy as first-line treatment for advanced non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer.

Background: Prolgolimab is an IgG1 anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody with the Fc-silencing 'LALA' mutation. The phase III DOMAJOR study assessed efficacy and safety of prolgolimab in combination with pemetrexed and platinum-based chemotherapy vs placebo in combination with pemetrexed and platinum-based chemotherapy as first-line treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: 292 patients with advanced non-squamous NSCLC were randomized 1:1 to receive 4 cycles of pemetrexed, platinum-based drug and either prolgolimab (3 mg/kg Q3W) or placebo followed by prolgolimab/placebo with pemetrexed until disease progression or toxicity (≤36 months).

Combination of Carbonic Anhydrase Isoform IX Inhibitors and Gefitinib Suppresses on the Invasive Potential of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells.

Human carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) plays a key role in maintaining pH homeostasis of malignant neoplasms, thus creating a favorable microenvironment for the growth, invasion, and metastasis of tumor cells. Recent studies have established that inhibition of CAIX expressed on the surface of tumor cells significantly increases the efficacy of classical chemotherapeutic agents and makes it possible to suppress the resistance of tumor cells to chemotherapy, as well as to increase their sensitivity to drugs (in particular, to reduce the required dose of cytostatic agents). In this work, we studied the ability of new CAIX inhibitors based on substituted 1,2,4-oxadiazole-containing primary aromatic sulfonamides, to potentiate the cytostatic effect of gefitinib (selective inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase domain) under hypoxic conditions.

The effect size of rs521851 in the intron of MAGI2/S-SCAM on HADS-D scores correlates with EAT-26 scores for eating disorders risk.

An association between the () intron variant rs521851 and depression symptoms, as measured by the depression subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-D), has been recently reported. The role of in depression has been linked to disruptions in the gut-brain axis. In this study, we investigated the association between rs521851 and HADS-D scores in an independent cohort of 380 individuals, consisting of 238 patients with an ICD-10 diagnosis of depression and 142 healthy controls.

[Nosological aspects of the petrification and ossification processes in the lungs].

Microscopic changes in the lung biopsies of 16 adult patients of both sexes without clear clinical symptoms are described. According to X-ray examination data, disseminated process in the lungs was diagnosed in 4 patients, interstitial pneumonia in 4, osteoplastic pneumopathy in 3, as well as tuberculosis, bronchiolitis and a number of others. Microscopic examination showed that the patients had various forms of petrification and ossification of the lungs, diagnosed clinically and radiologically in only 3 cases.

Connexins and Aging-Associated Respiratory Disorders: The Role in Intercellular Communications.

This article reviews the contemporary understanding of the functional role of connexins in intercellular communications, their involvement in maintaining cellular and tissue homeostasis, and in aging-associated respiratory disease pathogenesis. Connexins are discussed as potential therapeutic targets. The review particularly focuses on the involvement of gap junction connexins and hemichannels in the transfer of calcium ions, metabolite molecules, ATP, and mitochondria through the cell membrane.

Predictors of Satisfactory Surgical Outcome in Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (Review).

Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus is a widespread neurodegenerative disease of the elderly. If not treated surgically early, it results in a severe decrease in quality of life and disability. According to current clinical Russian and foreign guidelines the candidates for CSF shunting procedures are selected based on the results of invasive tests, though treatment outcomes are not always optimal.

Stereotactic Photodynamic Therapy of Recurrent Malignant Gliomas.

Unlabelled: is to assess the effectiveness and safety of stereotactic photodynamic therapy (sPDT) with 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) in patients with recurrent malignant supratentorial gliomas in functionally relevant brain areas.

Materials And Methods: In a retrospective single-center study the results of sPDT with 5-ALA in 10 patients (6 of 10 were male), aged 30 to 62 years (median: 51.5 years; 95% CI: 38-59 years) with recurrent malignant brain gliomas after standard therapy who underwent surgery during the period of 2020-2023 were analyzed.

Investigation of Changes in the Reflection Spectrum of Human Blood When Exposed to Laser Radiation With Wavelengths of 450 or 980 nm.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine and explain changes in the reflectance spectrum of human blood in vitro when exposed to laser radiation at wavelengths of 450 or 980 nm.

Methods: Reflectance spectra of venous blood samples were measured before and after exposure to a single pulse of 450 or 980 nm laser radiation. A numerical optical model based on the Monte Carlo method was applied.

Melatonin Receptors and Serotonin: Age-Related Changes in the Ovaries.

Introduction: Melatonin and serotonin can influence certain aging processes in the ovaries. The main melatonin receptors are represented by types MT1 and MT2. The goal of investigation.

Dermal Fibroblast Cell Line from a Patient with the Huntington's Disease as a Promising Model for Studying Disease Pathogenesis: Production and Characterization.

Huntington's disease (HD) is an incurable hereditary disease caused by expansion of the CAG repeats in the gene encoding the mutant huntingtin protein (mHTT). Despite numerous studies in cellular and animal models, the mechanisms underlying the biological role of mHTT and its toxicity to striatal neurons have not yet been established and no effective therapy for HD patients has been developed so far. We produced and characterized a new line of dermal fibroblasts (HDDF, Huntington's disease dermal fibroblasts) from a patient with a confirmed HD diagnosis.

Evaluating Osteogenic Cell Differentiation Efficacy in the Presence of Polylactide Samples With Varied Compositions for Bone Grafting: In Vitro Study.

In oral implantology, surgeons often confront the need to improve alveolar bone quality and volume before implantation in patients with bone defects. Whereas guided bone regeneration with titanium meshes is a clinical gold standard for bone augmentation, mesh removal pre-implantation presents a drawback. This study explores biodegradable scaffolds as an alternative.

Microglia Involvement into Acute and Chronic Brain Damage in Diabetic Rats: Impact of GLP-1RA and SGLT-2i.

Background: Acute and chronic brain damage in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) determines the need to investigate the neuroprotective potential of glucose-lowering drugs. The purpose was to directly compare the neuroprotective effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) with different duration of action and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) in type 2 diabetic rats with and without stroke.

Methods: DM was modelled using high-fat diet and nicotinamide+streptozotocin protocol.

[The impact of digital technologies on labor organization in health care scope].

Enhancement of the health care system in Russia continues to be one of key directions of National development. In conditions of deficiency of personnel, systemic changes are needed to transit to qualitatively new level. The application of digital platforms permits to resolve a number of issues related to accessibility and quality of medical services.

Ligands of the trace amine-associated receptors (TAARs): A new class of anxiolytics.

Most cases of anxiety are currently treated with either benzodiazepines or serotonin reuptake inhibitors. These drugs carry with them risks for a multitude of side effects, and patient compliance suffers for this reason. There is thus a need for novel anxiolytics, and among the most compelling prospects in this vein is the study of the TAARs.

[The relationship between intraocular pressure and age-related variations in ocular rigidity].

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the correlation between age-related fluctuations in the average values of rigidity of the fibrous tunic of the eye (FTE) and corresponding ranges of true intraocular pressure (IOP) in healthy eyes and eyes with open-angle glaucoma (OAG); using the identified ranges of FTE rigidity, to establish the appropriate IOP zones for healthy and glaucomatous eyes, taking into account the aging periods as classified by the World Health Organization (WHO).

Material And Methods: Ocular-Response Analyzer tonometry was used according to the Koshits-Svetlova dynamic diagnostic method to examine 674 patients with healthy eyes and 518 patients with glaucomatous eyes, aged 18 to 90 years, classified according to the WHO aging periods, and a theoretical analysis was conducted to estimate clinical values of FTE rigidity, the current level of true IOP, and the calculated individual IOP level in a patient's eye during youth.

Results: The following IOP level zones were identified for patients with healthy and glaucomatous eyes: low IOP zone (≤13 mm Hg); medium IOP zone (14-20 mm Hg); elevated IOP zone (21-26 mm Hg); high IOP zone (27-32 mm Hg); subcompensated IOP zone (33-39 mm Hg); and decompensated IOP zone (≥40 mm Hg).

Rats Lacking the Dopamine Transporter Display Inflexibility in Innate and Learned Behavior.

Playing a key role in the organization of striatal motor output, the dopamine (DA)-ergic system regulates both innate and complex learned behaviors. Growing evidence clearly indicates the involvement of the DA-ergic system in different forms of repetitive (perseverative) behavior. Some of these behaviors accompany such disorders as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), Tourette's syndrome, schizophrenia, and addiction.

[Dystrophic calcification of the parotid salivary glands in Sjogren's disease].

This article discusses a rare clinical case of differential diagnosis between salivary stone disease and calcinosis, which developed against the background of autoimmune pathology. Diagnosis of these pathologies causes difficulties for practitioners, and treatment methods have fundamental differences. In this regard, the description of this case is relevant and significant.

Autoprobiotics in the Treatment of Patients with Colorectal Cancer in the Early Postoperative Period.

Despite great advances in the treatment of oncological diseases, the development of medical technologies to prevent or reduce complications of therapy, in particular, those associated with surgery and the introduction of antibiotics, remains relevant. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of autoprobiotics based on indigenous non-pathogenic strains of and as a personalized functional food product (PFFP) in the complex therapy of colorectal cancer (CRC) in the early postoperative period. A total of 36 patients diagnosed with CRC were enrolled in the study.

Ethnic Aspects of Valproic Acid P-Oxidation.

The safety of the use of psychotropic drugs, widely used in neurological and psychiatric practice, is an urgent problem in personalized medicine. This narrative review demonstrated the variability in allelic frequencies of low-functioning and non-functional single nucleotide variants in genes encoding key isoenzymes of valproic acid P-oxidation in the liver across different ethnic/racial groups. The sensitivity and specificity of pharmacogenetic testing panels for predicting the rate of metabolism of valproic acid by P-oxidation can be increased by prioritizing the inclusion of the most common risk allele characteristic of a particular population (country).