1,236 results match your criteria: "Pathophysiology and Treatment of Migraine and Related Headache"

Post-stroke Headache.

Curr Pain Headache Rep

November 2023

Division of Headache and Facial Pain, Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA.

Article Synopsis
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Many researches have shown that coronavirus infection can lead to neurological symptoms. The most common symptom is headache. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), which has an important role in the pathophysiology of migraine, may have an active role in persistent headaches after COVID, due to the structural similarity between the CGRP receptor and the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.

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Objective: To characterize migraine pathophysiology, presentation, and current treatment strategies, specifically in regard to vestibulocochlear manifestations of migraine.

Methods: Narrative review of available literature.

Results: Migraine disorder can be described as a spectrum of otologic manifestations, with vestibular migraine now recognized with fully-fledged diagnostic criteria.

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Genetic Correlations between Migraine and Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.

Plast Reconstr Surg

July 2024

From the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford.

Background: Surgical deactivation of extracranial nerve trigger sites is now well established as an effective treatment for migraine headache. Parallels have been drawn to median nerve decompression for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), and 2 previous studies have demonstrated an association between migraine and CTS. The authors sought to (1) substantiate these findings in a considerably larger UK cohort, and (2) investigate potential genetic associations between the 2 disorders.

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Mitochondrial metabolism related markers GDF-15, FGF-21, and HIF-1α are elevated in pediatric migraine attacks.

Headache

September 2023

Department of Neurology and Algology, Neuroscience and Neurotechnology Center NÖROM, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the serum levels of mitochondrial metabolism/reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related peptides (hypoxia inducible factor-1α [HIF-1α], fibroblast growth factor-21 [FGF-21], growth differentiation factor-15 [GDF-15]) and key migraine-related neuropeptides (calcitonin gene-related peptide [CGRP], pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide-38 [PACAP-38], substance P [SP], and vasoactive intestinal peptide [VIP]) during migraine attacks and to evaluate their diagnostic value in pediatric migraine.

Background: There is increasing evidence for the important role of impairment in oxidative mitochondrial metabolism in the pathophysiology of migraine. Potential biomarkers that may reflect the relationship between migraine and mitochondrial dysfunction are unclear.

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Background: Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is involved in migraine pathophysiology and blood pressure regulation. Although clinical trials have established the cardio-cerebrovascular safety profile of anti-CGRP treatment, limited high-quality real-world evidence exists on its long-term effects on blood pressure (BP). To address this gap, we examined the safety of anti-CGRP treatment on BP in patients with migraine headache in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA).

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Migraine Treatment: Towards New Pharmacological Targets.

Int J Mol Sci

July 2023

Advanced MRI Neuroimaging Centre, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy.

Migraine is a debilitating neurological condition affecting millions of people worldwide. Until a few years ago, preventive migraine treatments were based on molecules with pleiotropic targets, developed for other indications, and discovered by serendipity to be effective in migraine prevention, although often burdened by tolerability issues leading to low adherence. However, the progresses in unravelling the migraine pathophysiology allowed identifying novel putative targets as calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP).

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Molecular Mechanisms of Migraine: Nitric Oxide Synthase and Neuropeptides.

Int J Mol Sci

July 2023

Headache Group, NIHR King's Clinical Research Facility and SLaM Biomedical Research Centre, The Wolfson Sensory, Pain and Regeneration Research Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9PJ, UK.

Migraine is a common condition with disabling attacks that burdens people in the prime of their working lives. Despite years of research into migraine pathophysiology and therapeutics, much remains to be learned about the mechanisms at play in this complex neurovascular condition. Additionally, there remains a relative paucity of specific and targeted therapies available.

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Background: We aimed to explore whether erenumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting the calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor, could exert a central effect on brain network function in migraine, and investigate the persistence of such an effect following treatment discontinuation.

Methods: This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial with a crossover design performed in adult episodic migraine patients with previous treatment failure. Patients were randomized (1:1) to 12 weeks of erenumab 140 mg or placebo, followed by a 12-week crossover.

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Calcitonin/PAC receptor splice variants: a blind spot in migraine research.

Trends Pharmacol Sci

October 2023

Headache Group, Wolfson Center for Age Related Diseases, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.

The neuropeptides calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and their receptors are linked to migraine neurobiology. Recent antimigraine therapeutics targeting the signaling of these neuropeptides are effective; however, some patients respond suboptimally, indicating an incomplete understanding of migraine pathophysiology. The CGRP- and PACAP-responsive receptors can be differentially spliced.

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Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Monoclonal Antibodies and Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Severe COVID-19 Outcomes Among Veterans With Migraine Disorder.

JAMA Netw Open

July 2023

Research, Education, Evaluation and Engagement Activities Center for Headache, Headache Centers of Excellence, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Orange, Connecticut.

Importance: Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), a neuropeptide involved in migraine pathophysiology, is also a key neuroimmune modulator. CGRP antagonists may help mitigate the hyperinflammatory response observed in patients with COVID-19; however, findings from the literature are contradictory, and to date, no study has investigated the safety and effectiveness of CGRP antagonists against COVID-19.

Objective: To evaluate the association between CGRP monoclonal antibody (mAb) treatment and risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and sequela hospitalization, requiring supplemental oxygen, use of mechanical ventilation, or death.

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Improved Osteoarthritis during Erenumab Treatment for Migraine: A Case Report.

Case Rep Neurol

May 2023

Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Antibodies blocking the calcitonin gene-related peptide have revolutionized episodic and chronic migraine treatment. However, their applicability to non-cephalic pain conditions, such as osteoarthritis, is yet unknown. Osteoarthritis remains a clinical challenge, associated with high disability and limited treatment options.

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Excitation-Inhibition Imbalance in Migraine: From Neurotransmitters to Brain Oscillations.

Int J Mol Sci

June 2023

Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Campus di Cesena, Via Rasi e Spinelli, 176, 47521 Cesena, Italy.

Migraine is among the most common and debilitating neurological disorders typically affecting people of working age. It is characterised by a unilateral, pulsating headache often associated with severe pain. Despite the intensive research, there is still little understanding of the pathophysiology of migraine.

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Migraine-a primary headache-has circadian and circannual rhythms in the onset of attacks. The circadian and circannual rhythms involve the hypothalamus, which is strongly associated with pain processing in migraines. Moreover, the role of melatonin in circadian rhythms has been implied in the pathophysiology of migraines.

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Migraine and cardiovascular disease: what cardiologists should know.

Eur Heart J

August 2023

Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Amsterdam UMC-Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Migraine is a chronic neurovascular disease with a complex, not fully understood pathophysiology with multiple causes. People with migraine suffer from recurrent moderate to severe headache attacks varying from 4 to 72 h. The prevalence of migraine is two to three times higher in women compared with men.

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Migraine is a complex and often debilitating neurological disease that affects more than 1 billion people worldwide. It is characterized by moderate-to-intense, throbbing headache attacks that are worsened by activity and is associated with nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound. Migraine, ranked the second leading cause of years lived with disability by the World Health Organization, can diminish patients' quality of life and bring significant personal and economic burden.

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The Epigenetics of Migraine.

Int J Mol Sci

May 2023

Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, P.O. Box 593, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden.

Migraine is a complex neurological disorder and a major cause of disability. A wide range of different drug classes such as triptans, antidepressants, anticonvulsants, analgesics, and beta-blockers are used in acute and preventive migraine therapy. Despite a considerable progress in the development of novel and targeted therapeutic interventions during recent years, e.

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Peripheral CCL2-CCR2 signalling contributes to chronic headache-related sensitization.

Brain

October 2023

Department of Anesthesiology and Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box MSC 8054-86-05, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.

Migraine, especially chronic migraine, is highly debilitating and still lacks effective treatment. The persistent headache arises from activation and sensitization of primary afferent neurons in the trigeminovascular pathway, but the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Animal studies indicate that signalling through chemokine C-C motif ligand 2 (CCL2) and C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) mediates the development of chronic pain after tissue or nerve injury.

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Imaging the brain and vascular reactions to headache treatments: a systematic review.

J Headache Pain

May 2023

Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience and Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.

Background: Neuroimaging studies have made an important contribution to our understanding of headache pathophysiology. This systematic review aims to provide a comprehensive overview and critical appraisal of mechanisms of actions of headache treatments and potential biomarkers of treatment response disclosed by imaging studies.

Main Body: We performed a systematic literature search on PubMed and Embase databases for imaging studies investigating central and vascular effects of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments used to abort and prevent headache attacks.

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[Migraine Medication].

Brain Nerve

May 2023

Department of Neurology and Headache center, Tominaga hospital.

Migraine is one of the most disabling diseases with a significant socioeconomic impact. Approximately 8.4% of Japanese people experience migraines.

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Cold-Stimulus Headache in Children and Adolescents.

Life (Basel)

April 2023

Juvenile Headache Center, Department of Woman's and Child's Health, University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy.

The literature on cold-stimulus headache (CSH) is relatively sparse compared to other primary headache disorders and the studies on the pediatric population are very limited. This systematic review aims to analyze the evidence on CSH in children and adolescents focusing on epidemiology, clinical features, pathogenic mechanisms, and treatments. Our review included 25 studies, among which 9 papers include pediatric cases (4 pediatric samples, 5 mixed samples of children and adults).

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Introduction: Migraine is a prevalent neurological condition characterised by disabling headache attacks. In recent decades, new drugs have been developed specifically for the acute and preventive treatment of migraine based on its pathophysiology. These include calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) antagonists (CGRP) (gepants) and selective serotoninergic 5-HT1F receptor agonists (ditans).

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Background: Vestibular migraine is a form of migraine where one of the main features is recurrent attacks of vertigo. These episodes are often associated with other features of migraine, including headache and sensitivity to light or sound. These unpredictable and severe attacks of vertigo can lead to a considerable reduction in quality of life.

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Background: Vestibular migraine is a form of migraine where one of the main features is recurrent attacks of vertigo. These episodes are often associated with other features of migraine, including headache and sensitivity to light or sound. The unpredictable and severe attacks of vertigo can lead to a considerable reduction in quality of life.

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