1,236 results match your criteria: "Pathophysiology and Treatment of Migraine and Related Headache"
Ca3.2 T-type calcium channels contribute to CGRP- induced allodynia in a rodent model of experimental migraine.
J Headache Pain
December 2024
Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Sector, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
Background: Migraine is a painful neurological syndrome characterized by attacks of throbbing headache, of moderate to severe intensity, which is associated with photo- and phono- sensitivity as well as nausea and vomiting. It affects about 15% of the world's population being 2-3 times more prevalent in females. The calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a key mediator in the pathophysiology of migraine, and a significant advance in the field has been the development of anti-CGRP therapies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF[Oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of chronic headache].
Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova
November 2024
Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
Article Synopsis
- - New research highlights the role of oxidative stress (OS) in chronic headaches, detailing its biochemical features and MRI changes linked to migraines.
- - The study shows no major differences in OS levels between migraine types (with or without aura) and distinguishes it from chronic tension headaches, where OS isn't present.
- - It explores how OS may activate TRPA1 ion channels and CGRP peptides, leading to migraine attacks, and suggests possible therapeutic approaches targeting these mechanisms.
An objective neurophysiological study of subconcussion in female and male high school student athletes.
Sci Rep
November 2024
Atria Academy of Science and Medicine, New York City, NY, USA.
Article Synopsis
- Recent brain studies indicate that athletes in contact sports experience measurable cognitive and sensory impairments due to cumulative subconcussive impacts throughout the season.
- This study compares a high-contact group to a low-contact control group and includes both male and female high school athletes, using 231 brain scans over a year.
- Results show that while both genders exhibit similar subconcussive impairments, female athletes respond more significantly overall, indicating the importance of monitoring these changes to improve health outcomes related to repetitive head impacts.
The neurotrophic factor artemin and its receptor GFRα3 mediate migraine-like pain via the ion channel TRPM8.
Cephalalgia
November 2024
Neurobiology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Article Synopsis
- - **Genetic Basis of Migraine**: Migraine is largely polygenic, with many genetic variants identified through genome-wide association studies. Key mutations are linked to the TRPM8 channel, which senses cold but may have different activation mechanisms related to migraine.
- - **Role of Artemin and GFRα3**: The study explores how the neurotrophic factor artemin and its receptor GFRα3 influence migraine-related pain through their effects on TRPM8, potentially affecting cold sensitivity and pain responses in migraine models.
- - **Preclinical Findings**: Experiments on mice show that GFRα3 is crucial for mechanical sensitivity in migraine, as blocking artemin reduces migraine-like symptoms, highlighting its significance in
Attentional network deficits in patients with migraine: behavioral and electrophysiological evidence.
J Headache Pain
November 2024
CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
Article Synopsis
- * A total of 52 migraine patients and 34 healthy individuals participated, and the study utilized various testing methods, including the Attentional Network Test and electroencephalography, to analyze cognitive performance.
- * Results showed significant differences in attentional performance, with migraine patients exhibiting slower reaction times, heightened brain activity in certain frequency bands, and increased variability in attention tasks compared to controls, despite not having clear behavioral differences in basic attentional networks.
Alice in Wonderland Syndrome in Children With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Case Series of Two Patients in an Italian Hospital.
Pediatr Neurol
January 2025
Neurorehabilitation Unit, Neurological Science and Neurorehabilitation Area, "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital - IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
Background: Alice in Wonderland syndrome (AIWS) is a disorienting neurological condition that affects human perception to the senses of vision, hearing, touch, and sensation and the phenomenon of time. Herein we report two pediatric cases of AIWS temporally related to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.
Case Presentation: An eight-year-old-girl without history of migraine or epilepsy experienced some episodes of visual distortions (micropsia, macropsia, and teleopsia) and misperception of sound, sometimes associated with headache.
Sex differences in expression of CGRP family of receptors and ligands in the rat trigeminal system.
J Headache Pain
November 2024
Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Experimental Vascular Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Article Synopsis
- Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a significant member of the calcitonin family and is concentrated in the trigeminovascular system (TVS), which is relevant for migraine treatment.
- The study involved dissection of trigeminal ganglia from male and female rats, assessing the expression of various peptides and their receptors using techniques like immunohistochemistry and RT-qPCR.
- Results indicated a higher expression of CGRP mRNA in both genders, a notable increase of receptor activity-modifying protein-1 (RAMP1) in females, and the presence of varying peptides and receptors localized in the TG neurons, emphasizing CGRP's crucial role in the TVS.
Current and Novel Therapies for Cluster Headache: A Narrative Review.
Pain Ther
November 2024
Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
Article Synopsis
- Cluster headache (CH) is a severe headache disorder more common in men, typically starting around age 30, and is often misdiagnosed as migraine, particularly in children.
- The condition involves intense pain and various symptoms that can greatly affect patients' quality of life and mental health, with genetic and lifestyle factors potentially contributing to its development.
- Treatment options range from nonpharmacological approaches like lifestyle changes to medications for acute relief and prevention, but many current therapies are only partially effective, prompting ongoing research into new treatments, including emerging interventional procedures and the possible use of psychedelics.
Hallmarks of primary headache: part 1 - migraine.
J Headache Pain
October 2024
Unitelma Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Article Synopsis
- Migraine affects 15.2% of the global population, is a leading cause of disability, especially among women, and remains underdiagnosed and undertreated in many cases.
- The condition displays both common and individual characteristics, with a varied presentation in symptoms, frequency, and response to treatments, influenced by genetic factors.
- Education on migraine management is crucial for improving daily life for patients and reducing the number of individuals needing specialized care, allowing specialists to focus on more complex cases.
Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology of Spreading Depolarization/Depression and Migraine: A Narrative Review.
Int J Mol Sci
October 2024
Department of Neurology and Headache Center, Japanese Red Cross Shizuoka Hospital, Shizuoka 420-0853, Japan.
Article Synopsis
- - Migraine affects many people aged 20-50 and has serious social and economic consequences, but its underlying causes are still largely unknown; this review focuses on the role of cortical spreading depolarization (CSD) related to migraine aura and potential therapies.
- - The article outlines how CSD, which leads to significant neuronal changes, is linked to the visual symptoms of migraines and is also found in other neurological disorders, emphasizing its cellular characteristics and effects on the trigeminal nervous system.
- - Current treatments include prevention strategies and drugs targeting the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) involved in migraine pain, while new therapies like intranasal insulin-like growth factor 1 and vagus nerve stimulation show promise in reducing
Iron Deposition and Functional Connectivity Differences in Females With Migraine Without Aura: A Comparative Study of Headache Sides.
Brain Behav
October 2024
Department of Radiology, International Exemplary Cooperation Base of Precision Imaging for Diagnosis and Treatment, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates the pathophysiological mechanisms of migraine without aura (MwoA) in females, focusing on the relationship between headache laterality, iron deposition (ID), and functional connectivity (FC).
- Researchers recruited 63 female MwoA patients and 31 healthy controls, analyzing differences in brain regions and connectivity patterns using statistical methods.
- Findings reveal significant variations in ID and enhanced FC in left-sided MwoA compared to healthy controls and bilateral MwoA, contributing to understanding potential brain functional impairments in female MwoA patients.
MetaCGRP is a high-precision meta-model for large-scale identification of CGRP inhibitors using multi-view information.
Sci Rep
October 2024
Center for Research Innovation and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
Article Synopsis
- Migraine affects around 14-15% of the global population and is a significant cause of disability, with CGRP being a critical neuropeptide involved in migraine pathophysiology.
- Traditional drug development for CGRP inhibitors is lengthy and expensive, exceeding one billion dollars, but machine learning (ML) methods can streamline this process.
- The study introduces MetaCGRP, a new high-accuracy meta-model that identifies CGRP inhibitors using SMILES-based methods without 3D data, achieving impressive accuracies and leading to potential natural drug candidates from Thai herbal sources.
Neurological and Systemic Pitfalls in the Diagnosis of Cluster Headaches: A Case-Based Review.
Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep
December 2024
Department of Neurology, Vivekananda Institute of Medical Science, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
Article Synopsis
- The review highlights common mistakes in diagnosing primary cluster headaches (CHs) using seven case examples to illustrate these pitfalls.
- Recent findings suggest that while CHs and migraines share some similarities, such as genetic factors and autonomic features, they also have distinct characteristics that can aid in differentiation.
- Key clinical features, such as restlessness during attacks, are crucial for diagnosing CHs and distinguishing them from other headache disorders, particularly within the group of Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgias (TACs).
Prevalence and features of headache in Parkinson's disease: the role of dopamine.
Neurol Sci
December 2024
Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Federico II University, Via Pansini 5, Naples, 80131, Italy.
Article Synopsis
- Parkinson's disease (PD) shows similar lifetime and recent headache prevalence rates compared to controls, with no significant differences in tension-type headaches or migraines.
- Patients with migraines and those treated with dopamine agonists (DAs) often experience headache remission after motor symptoms start, while overall mood depression is more severe in PD patients with migraines.
- The study suggests that although headache prevalence in PD aligns with general rates, changes in the dopaminergic system and treatments may influence the course of migraine symptoms.
A case of convexity non-aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage caused by cerebral sinus thrombosis.
Int J Emerg Med
October 2024
Department of Neurology, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
Article Synopsis
- cSAH is a rare type of subarachnoid hemorrhage that presents a challenge in diagnosing cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST), especially since they may occur together.
- A case study of a 56-year-old woman shows that CVST can be identified through magnetic resonance venography (MRV) and genetic testing, revealing mutations in specific genes.
- The paper stresses the need for advanced imaging to diagnose CVST and outlines an effective treatment plan involving anticoagulants like Enoxaparin, Warfarin, and Rivaroxaban to improve patient management.
Targeting IGF1/IGF1r signaling relieve pain and autophagic dysfunction in NTG-induced chronic migraine model of mice.
J Headache Pain
September 2024
Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.
Article Synopsis
- Chronic migraine is a complex neurological disorder linked to the IGF1/IGF1r signaling pathway, which impacts pain modulation and is associated with various chronic pain conditions.
- A study using a mouse model induced chronic migraine by nitroglycerin, assessing pain sensitivity and the effects of an IGF1 receptor antagonist, ppp, on pain behaviors and specific neuronal markers.
- Results showed elevated IGF1 in a brain region related to pain, and treatment with ppp reduced pain sensitivity and neuronal dysfunction, suggesting the pathway's crucial role in managing chronic migraine.
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in new daily persistent headache patients: a single arm open label study.
J Headache Pain
September 2024
Department of Psychiatry, Apex Trauma Centre, SGPGIMS, Lucknow, India.
Article Synopsis
- - The study investigated the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on patients with new daily persistent headache (NDPH), focusing on reducing headache frequency and severity as well as alleviating anxiety and depression symptoms.
- - Fifty participants (average age 35) underwent rTMS treatment over three consecutive days, with results showing that 70% experienced at least a 50% reduction in headache severity, and 76% had significant improvement in headache impact scores after four weeks.
- - The study found the most significant benefits for NDPH patients who also had chronic migraines, while a small number of participants reported discomfort with the rTMS treatment.
Genetic variants associated with response to anti-CGRP monoclonal antibody therapy in a chronic migraine Han Chinese population.
J Headache Pain
September 2024
School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
Article Synopsis
- Anti-CGRP monoclonal antibodies are being studied for their effectiveness in treating chronic migraines, with genetic factors potentially influencing individual responses to treatment.
- A QTL association study in Taiwanese chronic migraine patients found six significant genetic variants linked to the effectiveness of therapies like fremanezumab and galcanezumab.
- The most notable variant, rs116870564, is connected to the LRRC4C gene, affecting gene expression through processes like splicing regulation and transcription factor interactions, thus enhancing personalized treatment strategies for migraines.
Relationship of myofascial trigger points with related disability, anxiety, and depression in patients with migraine headaches.
Head Face Med
September 2024
Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Article Synopsis
- Migraine affects 10% of the global population and is a major cause of disability, with myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) linked to both migraines and psychological issues like anxiety and depression.
- A study with 68 migraine patients aimed to explore the relationship between MTrPs, migraine-related disability, anxiety, and depression by utilizing standard scales for assessments.
- Results revealed a positive correlation between the number of MTrPs and headache severity, and patients with higher anxiety levels had more MTrPs, suggesting that addressing both physical and mental health issues could lead to better migraine treatment approaches.
A male-specific mechanism of meningeal nociceptor sensitization promoting migraine headache.
Cephalalgia
September 2024
Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA.
Article Synopsis
- Researchers investigated how male and female mice respond differently to migraine-like pain, focusing on the role of orexin B, a neuropeptide.
- Findings revealed that orexin B increased pain behaviors and sensitivity in males but not females, suggesting a male-specific mechanism for migraine activation.
- The study highlights the importance of considering sex differences in pain research, which could lead to better treatment options and clinical trial designs.
Article Synopsis
- * A study evaluated the effects of erenumab on migraine-related disability in 26 patients over three months, using the Migraine Disability Assessment Scale (MIDAS) to measure changes.
- * Results indicated a median decrease of 13 points in MIDAS scores, suggesting some improvement in migraine disability, although the findings were not statistically significant due to the small sample size and lack of control group, highlighting the need for further research.
Evidence-based review and frontiers of migraine therapy.
Neurogastroenterol Motil
August 2024
Department of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA.
Article Synopsis
- Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) is linked to migraines and may share common biological mechanisms, like hypothalamic activation and altered dopamine signaling.
- Recent advancements in migraine treatments could also benefit CVS, despite limited research on their effectiveness for this condition.
- The manuscript focuses on emerging migraine therapies, including CGRP-targeting drugs and neuromodulation devices, which might be helpful for treating CVS in the future.
Understanding the kynurenine pathway: A narrative review on its impact across chronic pain conditions.
Mol Pain
August 2024
Trauma and Surgery Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Article Synopsis
- * The kynurenine pathway is crucial for breaking down tryptophan and impacts neurotransmitter regulation, immune responses, and inflammation, making it relevant to various chronic pain conditions and MDD.
- * Research indicates that specific metabolites from this pathway can either protect or damage the nervous system, and targeting this pathway may lead to new, non-opioid pain management strategies.
Meningeal lymphatic vessel dysfunction driven by CGRP signaling causes migraine-like pain in mice.
J Clin Invest
August 2024
Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Article Synopsis
- - Migraines are complex headaches accompanied by various neurological symptoms, but their underlying causes are still poorly understood.
- - The research by Nelson-Maney and colleagues reveals that CGRP (Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide) plays a crucial role in how meningeal lymphatic vessels (MLVs) function during migraines, affecting the movement of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
- - Blocking CGRP signaling in MLVs reduced migraine-related pain in rodents, suggesting potential new treatments for primary headache disorders targeting CGRP.
Unraveling the interplay of neuroinflammatory signaling between parenchymal and meningeal cells in migraine headache.
J Headache Pain
July 2024
Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
Article Synopsis
- The text reviews how neuroinflammatory signaling between brain and meningeal cells contributes to the onset of migraine headaches, outlining the mechanisms involved in this process.
- Evidence from studies shows that inflammation in the meninges can trigger headache by sensitizing pain receptors, especially when using specific treatments that target these pathways.
- Recent research highlights the role of neuronal channels and cellular responses to stress and injury, linking them to the inflammatory processes that precipitate migraines.