Paclitaxel Drug-Drug Interactions in the Military Health System.

Background: Paclitaxel is an antineoplastic agent used to treat breast, lung, endometrial, cervical, pancreatic, sarcoma, and thymoma cancer. However, drugs that induce, inhibit, or are substrates of cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoenzymes 2C8 or 3A4 may alter the metabolism of paclitaxel, potentially impacting its effectiveness. The purposes of this study are to provide an overview of paclitaxel use, identify potential drugs that interact with paclitaxel, and describe their clinical manifestations.

PER3 promoter hypermethylation correlates to the progression of pan-cancer.

Background: Malignant cells exhibit reduced period circadian regulator 3 (PER3) expression. However, the underlying mechanisms of variations in PER3 expression in cancers and the specific function of PER3 in tumor progression remain poorly understood.

Results: We explored multiple public databases, conducted bioinformatics analyses, and performed in vitro and in vivo experiments for validation.

FGFR3::TACC3 fusions in head and neck carcinomas: a study of nine cases highlighting phenotypic heterogeneity, frequent HPV association, and a morphologically distinct subset in favor of a putative entity.

The FGFR3::TACC3 fusion has been reported in subsets of diverse cancers including urothelial and squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). However, the morphology of FGFR3::TACC3-positive head and neck carcinomas has not been well studied and it is unclear if this fusion represents a random event, or if it might characterize a morphologically distinct tumor type. We describe nine FGFR3::TACC3 fusion-positive head and neck carcinomas affecting six males and three females aged 38 to 89 years (median, 59).

Systemic identification of functionally conserved lncRNA metabolic regulators in human and mouse livers.

Background & Aims: Unlike protein-coding genes, the majority of human long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) lack conservation based on their sequences, posing a challenge for investigating their role in a pathophysiological context for clinical translation. This study explores the hypothesis that non-conserved lncRNAs in human and mouse livers may share similar metabolic functions, giving rise to functionally conserved lncRNA metabolic regulators (fcLMRs).

Methods: We developed a sequence-independent strategy to select putative fcLMRs, and performed extensive analysis to determine the functional similarities of putative human and mouse LMR pairs (h/mLMRs).

Headphones over the cochlear-implant sound processor to replace direct audio input.

Psychoacoustic stimulus presentation to the cochlear implant via direct audio input (DAI) is no longer possible for many newer sound processors (SPs). This study assessed the feasibility of placing circumaural headphones over the SP. Calibration spectra for loudspeaker, DAI, and headphone modalities were estimated by measuring cochlear-implant electrical output levels for tones presented to SPs on an acoustic manikin.

Postpartum Renal Cortical Necrosis: A Case Series.

Rationale & Objective: Postpartum renal cortical necrosis (postpartum RCN) is a severe form of obstetric acute kidney injury. This study aimed to identify clinicopathologic features in Chinese postpartum RCN cases to determine how pathologic findings may contribute to the treatment and prognosis.

Study Design: Single-center, case series.

Frequent CHD1 deletions in prostate cancers of African American men is associated with rapid disease progression.

We analyzed genomic data from the prostate cancer of African- and European American men to identify differences contributing to racial disparity of outcome. We also performed FISH-based studies of Chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 1 (CHD1) loss on prostate cancer tissue microarrays. We created CHD1-deficient prostate cancer cell lines for genomic, drug sensitivity and functional homologous recombination (HR) activity analysis.

Inhibition of JNK Signaling Overcomes Cancer-Associated Fibroblast-Mediated Immunosuppression and Enhances the Efficacy of Immunotherapy in Bladder Cancer.

Currently, only 20% to 40% of patients with cancer benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and characterizing dynamic changes in the immunologic landscape during treatment are critical for improving responsiveness to immunotherapy. In this study, we identified JNK signaling in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) as a regulator of the immunosuppressive TME.

Identification of two molecularly and prognostically distinct subtypes in acral melanoma using network prediction method.

Background: Acral melanoma, characterized by its aggressiveness and poor prognosis compared to other melanoma subtypes, poses significant challenges in clinical management. However, the molecular underpinnings driving the biological and clinical features of this disease remain poorly understood.

Objectives: In this study, our aim was to elucidate the molecular landscape and the correlation between subtypes and clinical features of acral melanoma.

No Correlation between PD-L1 and NIS Expression in Lymph Node Metastatic Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.

Approximately 90% of thyroid cancers are differentiated thyroid cancers (DTCs), originating from follicular epithelial cells. Out of these, 90% are papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), and 10% are follicular thyroid cancer (FTC). The standard care procedure for PTC includes surgery, followed by radioiodine (RAI) ablation and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) suppressive therapy.

Glucose metabolite methylglyoxal induces vascular endothelial cell pyroptosis via NLRP3 inflammasome activation and oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo.

Methylglyoxal (MGO), a reactive dicarbonyl metabolite of glucose, plays a prominent role in the pathogenesis of diabetes and vascular complications. Our previous studies have shown that MGO is associated with increased oxidative stress, inflammatory responses and apoptotic cell death in endothelial cells (ECs). Pyroptosis is a novel form of inflammatory caspase-1-dependent programmed cell death that is closely associated with the activation of the NOD-like receptor 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome.

Integrative analysis of autophagy-related genes reveals that CAPNS1 is a novel prognostic biomarker and promotes the malignancy of melanoma via Notch signaling pathway.

Skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) is a highly fatal form of skin cancer that develops from the malignant transformation of epidermal melanocytes. There is substantial evidence linking autophagy to cancer etiology and immunotherapy efficacy. This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive analysis of autophagy-related genes (ARGs) using TCGA datasets and further explore the potential function of critical ARGs in SKCM progression.

Changes in performance, cecal microflora counts and intestinal histology of Japanese quails fed diets containing different fibre sources.

The purpose of this experiment was to investigate how various fiber sources impact the performance, microbial population, and intestinal histology of Japanese quail that was performed in a completely randomized design for 42 days. The dietary treatments involved a fiber-free corn-soybean meal-based diet (control, CTL), and CTL with added levels of sunflower hulls (SFH) and sugar beet pulp (SBP) (20 and 40 g kg). Body weight gain (BWG) and feed intake (FI) were recorded weekly.

SPP1 TAM Regulates the Metastatic Colonization of CXCR4 Metastasis-Associated Tumor Cells by Remodeling the Lymph Node Microenvironment.

Lymph node metastasis, the initial step in distant metastasis, represents a primary contributor to mortality in patients diagnosed with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, the underlying mechanisms of lymph node metastasis in OSCC remain incompletely understood. Here, the transcriptomes of 56 383 single cells derived from paired tissues of six OSCC patients are analyzed.