Development of a Deep Learning Tool to Support the Assessment of Thyroid Follicular Cell Hypertrophy in the Rat.

Thyroid tissue is sensitive to the effects of endocrine disrupting substances, and this represents a significant health concern. Histopathological analysis of tissue sections of the rat thyroid gland remains the gold standard for the evaluation for agrochemical effects on the thyroid. However, there is a high degree of variability in the appearance of the rat thyroid gland, and toxicologic pathologists often struggle to decide on and consistently apply a threshold for recording low-grade thyroid follicular hypertrophy.

Discordance, accuracy and reproducibility study of pathologists' diagnosis of melanoma and melanocytic tumors.

Accurate melanoma diagnosis is crucial for patient outcomes and reliability of AI diagnostic tools. We assess interrater variability among eight expert pathologists reviewing histopathological images and clinical metadata of 792 melanoma-suspicious lesions prospectively collected at eight German hospitals. Moreover, we provide access to the largest panel-validated dataset featuring dermoscopic and histopathological images with metadata.

What Do We Know About Speech-Language-Hearing Practice in Vocal Care for Transgender People? A Scoping Review.

Objective: To systematically assess the current state of speech-language-hearing (SLH) practices in health services addressing vocal care for transgender individuals, aiming to identify key themes and gaps in the existing body of knowledge.

Methods: This scoping review was based on the Joanna Briggs Institute manual and followed the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses-Extension for Scoping Reviews. It was registered with the Open Science Framework Open Source 10.

Artificial Intelligence-Powered Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 and Tumor Microenvironment Analysis in Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Amplified Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Exploratory Analysis of Phase II TRIUMPH Trial.

Purpose: Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeted therapies have shown promise in treating -amplified metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Identifying optimal biomarkers for treatment decisions remains challenging. This study explores the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in predicting treatment responses to trastuzumab plus pertuzumab (TP) in patients with -amplified mCRC from the phase II TRIUMPH trial.

Resource availability for CNS tumor diagnostics in the Asian Oceanian region: A survey by the Asian Oceanian Society of Neuropathology committee for Adapting Diagnostic Approaches for Practical Taxonomy in Resource-Restrained Regions (AOSNP-ADAPTR).

The shift toward a histo-molecular approach in World Health Organization classification of central nervous system tumors (WHO CNS5) emphasizes the critical role of molecular testing, such as next-generation sequencing (NGS) and DNA methylation profiling, for accurate diagnosis. However, implementing these advanced techniques is particularly challenging in resource-constrained countries. To address this, the Asian Oceanian Society of Neuropathology committee for Adapting Diagnostic Approaches for Practical Taxonomy in Resource-Restrained Regions (AOSNP-ADAPTR) was initiated to help pathologists in resource-limited regions to implement WHO CNS5 diagnoses using simpler diagnostic tools, mainly immunohistochemistry.

Analysis of survival and prognostic factors in appendix adenocarcinoma and mucinous carcinoma.

This study aimed to compare mucinous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the appendix in terms of survival and investigate the risk factors influencing survival. The data for this study were retrieved from the SEER database (SEER Research Plus 17 registries). Patients diagnosed with appendix cancer between 2004 and 2019 were included.

The Role of Reflection for Continuing Professional Development of In-Service Health Care Professionals: A Narrative Inquiry in Four Health Professions.

Introduction: Health care providers (HCPs) use reflection to intervene in complex, ambiguous clinical situations. Yet, there is scant evidence about the circumstances when HCPs use reflection and how they perceive reflection within their continuing professional development. We selected a narrative inquiry approach to study how HCPs perceive reflection's role in learning in four health professions.

Examining the perspectives of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) specialists on conducting AAC evaluations with people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis via telehealth.

The purpose of this study was to explore what speech-language pathologists (SLPs) who are AAC specialists see as advantages and disadvantages of providing AAC services via telehealth, how well tele-AAC assessments align with guidelines for in-person assessments, and how SLPs' perspectives of tele-AAC services changed post-COVID. Fifteen SLPs who are AAC specialists and experienced working with people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis watched videos of speech generating device (SGD) assessments conducted via telehealth for eight people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Using a checklist based on the AAC Clinical Assessment Project (AAC-CAP), the SLPs rated how comparable remote assessment was to in-person assessment, and described advantages and challenges.

Pathological diagnosis of central nervous system tumours in adults: what's new?

In the course of the last decade, the pathological diagnosis of many tumours of the central nervous system (CNS) has transitioned from a purely histological to a combined histological and molecular approach, resulting in a more precise 'histomolecular diagnosis'. Unfortunately, translation of this refinement in CNS tumour diagnostics into more effective treatment strategies is lagging behind. There is hope though that incorporating the assessment of predictive markers in the pathological evaluation of CNS tumours will help to improve this situation.

Chapter 13: 2022 WHO CLASSIFICATION OF PARATHYROID TUMORS.

The latest 2022 WHO classification of the parathyroid tumors incorporates recent data on parathyroid pathophysiology, in particular from genetic sequencing. It highlights histological features potentially indicative of underlying genetic abnormalities, because of their implications for patient management. Immunohistochemical markers can help characterize parathyroid lesions and molecular screening.

Diagnostic accuracy of folate receptor-positive circulating tumor cells in differentiating between benign and malignant pulmonary nodules.

Background: Currently, traditional blood biomarkers such as neuron-specific enolase (NSE), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA) etc. are mostly elevated in the late stage of tumour, and patients have already lost the chance of tumour eradication when the relevant indexes are found to be elevated. Therefore, there is a need for blood biomarkers with higher sensitivity, better specificity, and better accessibility.

Pseudovascular squamous cell carcinoma of the buccal mucosa-a rare case report and review of literature.

Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common malignancy of the head and neck. Pseudovascular squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) is a rare variant that occurs commonly in the skin of the head and neck. However, oral cavity involvement is extremely rare, with only a few cases reported to date.

Professional biobanking education in Korea based on ISO 20387.

To ensure high-quality bioresources and standardize biobanks, there is an urgent need to develop and disseminate educational training programs in accordance with ISO 20387, which was developed in 2018. The standardization of biobank education programs is also required to train biobank experts. The subdivision of categories and levels of education is necessary for jobs such as operations manager (bank president), quality manager, practitioner, and administrator.

Post-transplant liver biopsies: a concise and practical approach for beginners.

Exposure to post-transplant liver biopsies varies among pathology residencies and largely depends on the institution's training program, particularly if the hospital has a liver transplant program. The interpretation of biopsies from transplanted livers presents its own set of challenges, even for those with a solid understanding of non-transplant medical liver biopsies. In this review, we aim to provide a succinct, step-by-step approach to help you interpret liver transplant biopsies.

Comparison of Methods of Eliciting Vital Capacity: Forced Versus Slow Vital Capacity.

Background: Methods to elicit the vital capacity (VC) include forced vital capacity (FVC) and slow vital capacity (SVC). Because the FVC maneuver can be affected by air trapping or inefficiencies in lung emptying vs. the SVC, the SVC-FVC difference may be substantial and diagnostically meaningful in elderly individuals and patients with respiratory obstruction.

Clear cell hidradenoma of the male breast: A case report and literature review.

Introduction: Clear cell hidradenoma (CCH) is a rare type of benign breast tumor that may undergo malignant transformation in a few cases. It clinically manifests as a painless breast mass, and may include nipple discharge. Complete surgical excision with adequate safety margins is the primary treatment.

HistoColAi: An open-source web platform for collaborative digital histology image annotation with AI-driven predictive integration.

Digital pathology is now a standard component of the pathology workflow, offering numerous benefits such as high-detail whole slide images and the capability for immediate case sharing between hospitals. Recent advances in deep learning-based methods for image analysis make them a potential aid in digital pathology. However, A significant challenge in developing computer-aided diagnostic systems for pathology is the lack of intuitive, open-source web applications for data annotation.

Renal cell carcinoma with ALK-TPM3 gene fusion and ALK amplification: A case report and literature review.

Background: Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-rearranged renal cell carcinoma (ALK-RCC) is a rare molecularly defined tumor entity included in the fifth edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Tumors. It is characterized by rearrangement of the ALK gene with various fusion partner genes, which most commonly results in oncogenic fusion proteins leading to ALK activation.

Case Presentation: A 30-year-old Chinese man underwent partial nephrectomy for a left renal tumor measuring 5 cm in diameter.

Postextubation Dysphagia Among Patients With COVID-19: Results of Instrumental Swallow Studies and Clinical Swallow Evaluations.

Purpose: Research has shown that prolonged endotracheal intubation can increase risk of aspiration following extubation. This study examined the relationship between swallowing and intubation among patients with COVID-19. We investigated the association between the duration of intubation and time until an oral diet was safely initiated and the correlation between the length of intubation and reduced sensation with aspiration as seen on flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES)/videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS).

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided biopsy of healthy pig pancreas - Towards the histological diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis.

Background: diagnosis of early chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a challenge due to the lack of accurate methods. The ability of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) guided biopsy to obtain pancreatic core tissue samples in patients with minimal changes of CP and its potential use for the histological diagnosis of early CP are unknown. The aim of the study was to evaluate the ability of different EUS-guided biopsy core needles to obtain histological samples of healthy pig pancreas.

Adolopment of Recommendations for Standardized Reporting of Protein Electrophoresis in Pakistan.

Introduction: The standardization of reporting in clinical laboratories, particularly regarding Serum Protein Electrophoresis (SPEP) and Urine Protein Electrophoresis (UPEP), is crucial for effective communication of findings to clinicians and optimal patient management. However, in countries like Pakistan with limited healthcare resources and a prevalent self-payment model, challenges arise in achieving standardized reporting practices. This manuscript addresses the need for standardized guidelines for protein electrophoresis reporting in Pakistan, aiming to enhance laboratory practices and patient care.

AxonFinder: Automated segmentation of tumor innervating neuronal fibers.

Neurosignaling is increasingly recognized as a critical factor in cancer progression, where neuronal innervation of primary tumors contributes to the disease's advancement. This study focuses on segmenting individual axons within the prostate tumor microenvironment, which have been challenging to detect and analyze due to their irregular morphologies. We present a novel deep learning-based approach for the automated segmentation of axons, AxonFinder, leveraging a U-Net model with a ResNet-101 encoder, based on a multiplexed imaging approach.