Microplastics Distribution in Sediments Collected from Myanmar.

Microplastics (MPs) distributions have been increasingly reported in the terrestrial areas worldwide, but little information is available for ASEAN regions. In this study, 68 sediment samples of drainage channels, lakes, rivers and beaches from Myanmar were collected between 2014 and 2018, and analyzed to investigate the status of MPs concentration and prevalence. The high concentrations of MPs in sediments were found in urban cities called Yangon (13,855 pieces/kg dry weight), Mandalay (11,946 pieces/kg), and Pathein (12,583 pieces/kg), which were two orders of magnitude greater than the MPs concentrations in sediments collected in rural towns called Wundwin.

Characterization and organelle genome sequencing of Pyropia species from Myanmar.

Pyropia is a genus comprising red algae of the Bangiaceae family that is commonly found in intertidal zones worldwide. However, understanding of Pyropia species that are prone to tropical regions remains limited despite recent breakthroughs in genomic research. Within the realm of Pyropia species thriving in tropical regions, P.

A taxonomic revision of Boiga multomaculata (Boie, 1827) and B. ochracea (Theobald, 1868), with the description of a new subspecies (Squamata, Serpentes, Colubridae).

The analyses of molecular genetic data (mtDNA markers 16S, ND4, CYTB, and the nuclear marker c-mos) provided evidence that the Asian cat snake taxa Boiga multomaculata and B. ochracea actually represent a single species. They form mixed clades of low intraclade genetic differentiation.

Polymer types and additive concentrations in single-use plastic products collected from Indonesia, Japan, Myanmar, and Thailand.

Marine debris comprising single-use plastic products (SUPs) is ubiquitous in Asian coastal waters, but there is little information on the types of polymers and the concentrations of plastic additives such waste products contain. In this study, 413 SUPs randomly collected from 4 Asian countries between 2020 and 2021 were analyzed to obtain specific polymer and organic additive profiles. Polyethylene (PE), coupled with external polymers, was prominent in the inside of the SUPs, whereas polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) were prevalent in both the insides and outsides of the SUPs.

Dissolved trace element concentrations and fluxes in the Irrawaddy, Salween, Sittaung and Kaladan Rivers.

The Irrawaddy (Ayeyarwaddy) and Salween (Thanlwin) globally rank among the largest rivers for supplying dissolved and particulate material to the ocean. Along with the Sittaung and Kaladan rivers they have societal importance to Myanmar in terms water sources and food production. Despite their importance for global biogeochemical cycles and the ~50 million people who live in their catchments, the chemistry of these rivers is poorly known.

Potential of diterpene compounds as antivirals, a review.

Viruses cause widely transmitted diseases resulting in pandemic conditions. Currently, the world is being hit by the Covid-19 pandemic caused by the SAR-CoV-2 infection. Countries in the world are competing to develop antivirals to overcome this problem.

Secondary metabolite compounds from Sida genus and their bioactivity.

Plants are the key source for the production of novel therapeutic products for new medicines. The biological properties of the plant species used world wide are mainly accountable for their secondary metabolites obtained from plants. The goal of this analysis is to summarize the chemical composition and biological effects of the genus Sida (Malvaceae) to identify potential research opportunities.

Chemical constituents and their biological activities from Taunggyi (Shan state) medicinal plants.

Medicinal plants are essential aspects of readily available primary healthcare remedies. Phytochemical constituents of medicinal plants cover a broad variety of chemical fields to explore medicines. This review highlights selected empirical data on traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological properties of Taunggyi medicinal plants, , and .

The Effect of Methanolic Valeriana officinalis Root Extract on Adipocyte Differentiation and Adiponectin Production in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes.

Adipose tissue is an endocrine organ and its endocrine function is closely associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Valeriana officinalis (Valerian) exerts some physiological effects; however, its influence on adipocytes remains unclear. We investigated the effect of methanolic Valerian root extract (Vale) on 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

(-)--Methylcubebin from Enhanced Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Cells via the Inhibition of ERK1/2 and p38MAPK Phosphorylation.

In this study, for the purpose of elucidation for antidiabetic components, we isolated and identified compounds that could become lead compounds for the development of antidiabetic agents from the herbal medicine , which is used for liver protection in Myanmar. Three kinds of lignan, (-)--methylcubebin (MC), (-)-hinokinin, and (-)-cubebin, were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the leaves of , using various chromatography. Among the three isolated compounds, MC showed the strongest effects to increase intracellular lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells.

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Road Dust Collected from Myanmar, Japan, Taiwan, and Vietnam.

In this study, we determined the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in road dust from Myanmar, Japan, Taiwan, and Vietnam. PAHs were detected in urban and rural areas of Myanmar at mean concentrations of 630 ng/g dry weight and 200 ng/g dry weight, respectively. PAHs were also detected in road dust from Vietnam (mean 1700 ng/g) and Taiwan (2400 ng/g).

Effects of ozone and ammonium sulfate on cauliflower: Emphasis on the interaction between plants and insect herbivores.

Ammonium sulfate [(NH)SO] deposition and elevated ozone (O) concentrations may negatively affect plants and trophic interactions. This study aimed to evaluate for the first time the interactive effects of high (NH)SO load and elevated O levels on cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L.) under field conditions.

Mansonone E from Mansonia gagei Inhibited α-MSH-Induced Melanogenesis in B16 Cells by Inhibiting CREB Expression and Phosphorylation in the PI3K/Akt Pathway.

Many natural products that inhibit melanogenesis, freckles, and hyperpigmentation have been selectively used in cosmetics because melanogenesis is linked to the multiple biogenesis cascades of melanin synthesis. However, some of these compounds have side effects that may result in their restriction in the future. We report here the isolation and structural elucidation of compounds extracted from Mansonia gagei and evaluate their activity on melanogenesis inhibition.

The Rosiglitazone-Like Effects of Vitexilactone, a Constituent from Vitex trifolia L. in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes.

The increased number of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) has become a worldwide problem, and insulin sensitizers such as thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are used as therapeutic agents. We found that extracts of L. (), a medicinal plant from Myanmar, induced adipogenesis similar to rosiglitazone (ROS), which is a TZD, in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes.

Virgisporangium myanmarense sp. nov., a novel motile actinomycete isolated from an anthill soil in Myanmar.

An actinomycete strain, designated MM04-1133, was isolated from an anthill soil sample collected in Bagan, Myanmar. To establish the taxonomic status of this strain, the isolate was subjected to a polyphasic approach. Strain MM04-1133 was Gram-staining positive, aerobic, motile and formed long and narrow sporangia directly above the surface of the substrate mycelium.

Ubiquitous Detection of Artificial Sweeteners and Iodinated X-ray Contrast Media in Aquatic Environmental and Wastewater Treatment Plant Samples from Vietnam, The Philippines, and Myanmar.

Water samples from Vietnam, The Philippines, and Myanmar were analyzed for artificial sweeteners (ASs) and iodinated X-ray contrast media (ICMs). High concentrations (low micrograms per liter) of ASs, including aspartame, saccharin, and sucralose, were found in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) influents from Vietnam. Three ICMs, iohexol, iopamidol, and iopromide were detected in Vietnamese WWTP influents and effluents, suggesting that these ICMs are frequently used in Vietnam.