Discerning computational, in vitro and in vivo investigations of self-assembling empagliflozin polymeric micelles in type-2 diabetes.

Background: Empagliflozin (EMPA) is an SGLT2 inhibitor, a new class of anti-diabetic medication, indicated for treating type-2 diabetes. Its low permeability, poor solubility and bioavailability limits its use in management of diabetes. The study was aimed to formulate EMPA loaded polymeric micelles (PMs) to overcome these obstacles in oral absorption.

Preparation and In-Vitro Characterization of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Containing Artemisinin and Curcumin.

Background: Malaria remains a formidable public health obstacle across Africa, Southeast Asia, and portions of South America, exacerbated by resistance to antimalarial medications, such as artemisinin-based combinations. The combination of curcumin and artemisinin shows promise due to its potential for dose reduction, reduced toxicity, synergistic effects, and suitability for drug delivery improvement.

Objective: This research aims to enhance the solubility and dissolution rates of curcumin and artemisinin by employing Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs).

A Comprehensive Review on the Significance of Cysteine in Various Metabolic Disorders; Particularly CVD, Diabetes, Renal Dysfunction, and Ischemic Stroke.

Metabolic disorders have long been a challenge for medical professionals and are a leading cause of mortality in adults. Diabetes, cardiovascular disorders (CVD), renal dysfunction, and ischemic stroke are the most prevalent ailments contributing to a high mortality rate worldwide. Reactive oxygen species are one of the leading factors that act as a fundamental root cause of metabolic syndrome.

Effects of Diabetes and Hyperlipidemia in Physiological Conditions - A Review.

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an autoimmune manifestation defined by persistent hyperglycemia and alterations in protein, fatty substances, and carbohydrate metabolism as an effect of problems with the secretion of insulin action or both. Manifestations include thirst, blurred eyesight, weight loss, and ketoacidosis, which can majorly lead to coma. There are different types of diabetes according to class or by cellular level.

Drug target of natural products and COVID-19: how far has science progressed?

The new coronavirus [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)] that caused a viral disease with a high risk of mortality (coronavirus disease 2019) was found toward the end of 2019. This was a significant acute respiratory syndrome. In a brief period, this virus spread throughout the entire planet, causing tremendous loss of life and economic damage.

A narrative review of pox: smallpox vs monkeypox.

The famed variola (smallpox) virus and the monkeypox virus (MPXV) are closely related, and MPXV causes a milder form of febrile rash disease in people. Human monkeypox was mostly an uncommon zoonotic illness that was restricted to West and Central African wooded areas in the twentieth century. The global population's smallpox vaccine-induced immunity, however, has started to decrease as the number of cases and the geographic breadth have both increased significantly in this century.

Interpenetrating polymeric network (IPNs) in ophthalmic drug delivery: Breaking the barriers.

To maintain the therapeutic drug concentration for a prolonged period of time in aqueous and vitreous humor is primary challenge for ophthalmic drug delivery. Majority of the locally administered drug into the eye is lost as to natural reflexes like blinking and lacrimation resulting in the short span of drug residence. Consequently, less than 5% of the applied drug penetrate through the cornea and reaches the intraocular tissues.

Role of nanocellulose in industrial and pharmaceutical sectors - A review.

Lignocellulosic biomass from agricultural residues serves as the critical component to replace synthetic polymeric materials in the coming future. Agricultural residues can be used to obtain cellulose by delignification followed by bleaching. Further, cellulose is converted into nanocellulose by various methods.

Non-ionic Surfactants as a P-Glycoprotein(P-gp) Efflux Inhibitor for Optimal Drug Delivery-A Concise Outlook.

Significant research efforts have been devoted to unraveling the mystery of P-glycoprotein(P-gp) in drug delivery applications. The efflux membrane transporter P-gp is widely distributed in the body and accountable for restricting drug absorption and bioavailability. For these reasons, it is the primary cause of developing multidrug resistance (MDR) in most drug delivery applications.

Fabrication of Cefixime Nanoparticles Loaded Films and their Ex Vivo Antimicrobial Effect on Periodontitis Patient's Saliva.

Aim: This study was designed to prepare and evaluate cefixime-loaded nanoparticles containing low molecular weight chitosan films for the enhanced topical treatment of periodontitis.

Methods: To fabricate the enhanced antimicrobial films, a nanoprecipitation method for cefixime nanoparticles followed by a solvent evaporation method for these nanoparticles loaded films were adopted in this study. Nine batches of nanoparticles (NPs) with different concentrations of ethyl cellulose and polyvinyl alcohol were prepared and evaluated.

Dextran Microparticulate Inhalable Dry Powder for the Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis and Mucopolysaccharidosis.

Background: Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease which affects the patient's lungs, pancreas, liver, kidney and intestine and lacks sulfatase enzyme, leading to mucopolysaccharidosis. Colistin sulfate acts by interacting with phospholipids of bacterial cell membranes. Sulfatase enzyme reduces the high levels of sulfated glycosaminoglycans and glycolipids by the hydrolysis of sulfate esters in lysosome.

Preclinical Study of Ibuprofen Loaded Transnasal Mucoadhesive Microemulsion for Neuroprotective Effect in MPTP Mice Model.

Ibuprofen, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), showed very promising neuroprotection action, but it suffers from high first pass metabolism and limited ability to cross blood brain barrier. Severe gastric toxicity following oral administration further limits its utility. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate whether ibuprofen loaded mucoadhesive microemulsion (MMEI) could enhance the brain uptake and could also protect the dopaminergic neurons from MPTP-mediated neural inflammation.

Breast cancer amelioration by Butea monosperma in-vitro and in-vivo.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Butea monosperma belonging to family Fabaceae is used in the Indian traditional medicine (Ayurveda) for various ailments including abdominal tumors and possess anti-estrogenic activity.

Aim Of The Study: The present study is aimed at investigating the chemo-preventive potential of Butea monosperma in breast cancer and elucidating it's mechanism of action by assessing its effect on key processes like apoptosis, angiogenesis and metastasis.

Methods: Cytotoxic potential of methanol extract of Butea monosperma flower (MEBM) was tested in MCF-7 (estrogen receptor positive), MDA-MB-231 (triple negative) and MDA-MB-453 (HER2 positive) human breast cancer cells by MTT assay.

Design and evaluation of mucoadhesive microemulsion for neuroprotective effect of ibuprofen following intranasal route in the MPTP mice model.

Background: The present study is to investigate the neuroprotective effect of ibuprofen by intranasal administration of mucoadhesive microemulsion (MMEI) against inflammation-mediated by dopaminergic neurodegeneration in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) model of Parkinson's disease (PD).

Methods: Ibuprofen-loaded polycarbophil-based MMEI was developed by using response surface methodology (RSM). Ibuprofen with dose of 2.

Liquisolid Tablets for Dissolution Enhancement of a Hypolipidemic Drug.

This investigation was aimed to improve the dissolution rate of the poorly soluble drug lovastatin, by formulating it as a liquisolid compact. Different liquisolid compacts were prepared using mathematical formulae to calculate the required quantities of powder and liquid ingredients to produce acceptably flowable and compressible admixture. Avicel PH 200, Cab-O-Sil, sodium starch glycolate and PEG 400 were employed as carrier, coating material, disintegrant and non-volatile liquid vehicle, respectively.

Development and Validation of RP-HPLC Method for the Simultaneous Estimation of Montelukast Sodium and Ebastine in Tablet Dosage Form.

A rapid and sensitive RP-HPLC method with UV detection (244 nm) for routine analysis of montelukast sodium and ebastine in a pharmaceutical formulation (Ebast-M) was developed. Chromatography was performed with mobile phase containing a mixture of methanol:acetonitrile:ammonium acetate (80:10:10, % v/v/v), pH of mobile phase was adjusted 5.5 using glacial acetic acid and flow rate was 1.